求关于英国政治制度的英文介绍
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[13] (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain)[14] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country,[15][16] spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland.[17][18] Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary state consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.[19] It is governed by a parliamentary system with its seat of government in London, the capital, but with three devolved national administrations in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively. The Channel Island bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, and the Isle of Man are Crown Dependencies and not part of the UK.[20] The UK has fourteen overseas territories,[21] all remnants of the British Empire, which at its height in 1922 encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface, the largest empire in history. British influence can continue to be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.The UK is a developed country, with the world's sixth largest economy by nominal GDP and the seventh largest by purchasing power parity.[8] It was the world's first industrialised country[22] and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries,[23] but the economic cost of two world wars and the decline of its empire in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its leading role in global affairs. The UK nevertheless remains a major power with strong economic, cultural, military and political influence. It is a nuclear power and has the fourth highest defence spending in the world. It is a Member State of the European Union, holds a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, G8, OECD, NATO, and the World Trade OrganizationThe United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: Queen Elizabeth II is head of state of the UK as well as of fifteen other Commonwealth countries, putting the UK in a personal union with those other states. The Crown has sovereignty over the Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, which are not part of the United Kingdom though the UK government manages their foreign affairs and defence and the UK Parliament has the authority to legislate on their behalf.Since the United Kingdom is one of the three countries in the world today that does not have a codified constitution,[37] the Constitution of the United Kingdom consists mostly of written sources, including statutes, judge made case law, and international treaties. As there is no technical difference between ordinary statutes and constitutional law, the UK Parliament can perform constitutional reform simply by passing Acts of Parliament and thus has the power to change or abolish almost any written or unwritten element of the constitution. However, no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change.[38]The UK has a parliamentary government based on the Westminster system that has been emulated around the world — a legacy of the British Empire. The Parliament of the United Kingdom that meets in the Palace of Westminster has two houses: an elected House of Commons and an appointed House of Lords, and any Bill passed requires Royal Assent to become law. It is the ultimate legislative authority in the United Kingdom since the devolved parliament in Scotland and devolved assemblies in Northern Ireland, and Wales are not sovereign bodies and could be abolished by the UK parliament despite being established following public approval as expressed in referenda.The Houses of ParliamentThe position of Prime Minister, the UK's head of government, belongs to the Member of Parliament who can obtain the confidence of a majority in the House of Commons, usually the current leader of the largest political party in that chamber. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are formally appointed by the Monarch to form Her Majesty's Government, though the Prime Minister chooses the Cabinet, and by convention HM The Queen respects the Prime Minister's choices. The Cabinet is traditionally drawn from members of the Prime Minister's party in both legislative houses, and mostly from the House of Commons, to which they are responsible. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and Cabinet, all of whom are sworn into Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and become Ministers of the Crown. The Rt Hon Gordon Brown MP, leader of the Labour Party, has been Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service since 27 June 2007.[39]For elections to the House of Commons, the UK is currently divided into 646 constituencies, with 529 in England, 18 in Northern Ireland, 59 in Scotland and 40 in Wales,[40] though this number will rise to 650 at the next General Election. Each constituency elects one Member of Parliament by simple plurality. General Elections are called by the Monarch when the Prime Minister so advises. Though there is no minimum term for a Parliament, the Parliament Act (1911) requires that a new election must be called within five years of the previous general election.The UK's three major political parties are the Labour Party, the Conservative Party, and the Liberal Democrats, who won between them 616 out of the 646 seats available in the House of Commons at the 2005 general election. Most of the remaining seats were won by parties that only contest elections in one part of the UK such as the Scottish National Party (Scotland only), Plaid Cymru (Wales only), and the Democratic Unionist Party, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Ulster Unionist Party, and Sinn Fin (Northern Ireland only, though Sinn Féin also contests elections in Ireland). In accordance with party policy, no elected Sinn Féin Member of Parliament has ever attended the House of Commons to speak in the House on behalf of their constituents as Members of Parliament are required to take an oath of allegiance to the Monarch.[41]For elections to the European Parliament, the UK currently has 78 MEPs, elected in 12 multi-member constituencies,[42] though this total will drop to 72 at the 2009 elections. Questions over sovereignty have been brought forward due to the UK's membership of the European UnionThe United Kingdom does not have a single legal system due to it being created by the political union of previously independent countries with Article 19 of the Treaty of Union guaranteeing the continued existence of Scotland's separate legal system.[74] Today the UK has three distinct systems of law: English law, Northern Ireland law and Scots law. Recent constitutional changes will see a new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom come into being in October 2009 that will take on the appeal functions of the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords.[75] The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, comprising the same members as the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords, is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the UK overseas territories, and the British crown dependencies.参考资料：
关于英国的政治体制
英国实行的是议会民主制，君主是宪法意义上的国家首脑。
自从1952年就位以来，伊丽莎白女王二世一直是英国的首脑。
英国的民主体制具有悠久的历史，自由选举、言论自由、法律公开和法律面前人人平等原则确保英国的民主体制绵延至今。
英国民主体制的原则是最长每五年举行一次大选，由人民选举产生设于伦敦的下议院议员（MP）。
下议院的每一名议员都代表了英国659个选区中的一个选区，即所谓的“席位”。
通常议员也是主要政党的成员。
赢得大多数席位的政党得以组成政府，制定政策。
自从1999年以来，苏格兰议会和威尔士及北爱尔兰的议会也逐渐获得了更多的权力。
其他的议会成员分属于反对党或其他的政党，也可以是独立的议员，其结果就是议会代表了各种不同的政治见解，每个成员都有权就重要的政府问题和政策通过辩论发表意见。
下议院是英国最高的立法机构，比英国的另一个议会机构--上议院的权力更大。
英国的上议院是依据完全不同的原则而形成的，上议会也参与立法的进程。
一道历史题
关于英国的资产阶级政治制度的。
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1689年英国议会通过的权利法案奠定了英国君主立宪政体的理论和法律基础，确立了议会高于王权的原则，具有宪法的性质，标志着君主立宪制开始在英国建立，为英国资本主义的迅速发展扫清了道路。
这题问的是适合工业化的政治制度，显然1688年光荣革命前复辟的斯图亚特王朝的制度是不适宜工业化的。
并且权利法案确实在17世纪就公布了。
所以选C。
一道历史题
关于英国的资产阶级政治制度的。
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16世纪没有，但17世纪就有了1689年10月，议会通过了“权利宣言”并制订为法律，是为《权利法案》。
-- b不能选，前夕实行的仍然是贵族封建制度
英国的政治体制是什么，最好能详细点
英国实行君主立宪制，君主为国家元首，行政机关由首相领导 国家元首 女王伊丽莎白二世，1926年4月21日出生，1952年2月6日即位，1953年6月2日加冕。
议会 最高司法和立法机构，由国王、上院和下院组成。
目前，上院共有议员699名，议长欧文勋爵，主要由王室成员、新封终身贵族、少量世袭贵族、司法贵族及教会领袖组成，不经选举产生。
下院由普选产生，任期5年。
本届下院于2001年5月选出，截至目前，在659个议席中，工党占413席、保守党166席、自民党52席、其他小党28席。
下议院议长为迈克尔。
马丁。
政府 现政府为工党政府，于1997年5月1日执政。
2001年6月7日，工党再次获得大选胜利，并继续执政。
主要成员为：首相、首席财政大臣兼文官部大臣托尼。
布莱尔，副首相普雷斯科特，内政大臣布兰科特，环境、交通及地区事务大臣斯蒂文。
拜尔斯，财政大臣戈登。
布朗，外交大臣杰克。
斯特劳，上院议长兼大法官欧文勋爵，贸工大臣帕特丽夏。
休伊特，国防大臣杰弗里。
胡恩等。
政治制度 英国有着悠久的议会民主传统，实行君主立宪制，君主为国家元首，目前是伊莉莎白二世。
英国的立法机关，也就是议会，目前拥有两个议院。
下议院地位较重要，上议院主要是修订法律的机构。
行政机关由首相领导，英国现任首相为工党的托尼·布莱尔。
通常，首相是在下议院拥有最多席位的政党领袖。
该政党其他主要成员与首相一起组成内阁，即主要的行政机构。
从严格意义上讲，英国并非是一个联邦制的国家，但现任政府最近在苏格兰及威尔士成立了地方分权机构，如设在爱丁堡的苏格兰议会及设在卡地夫的威尔士议会。
英国还试图成立北爱地方分权政府，但是由于各政党之间存在纷争，以至于被暂时搁置下来。
英格兰和威尔士的立法、司法制度与苏格兰、北爱尔兰大不相同。
同样，苏格兰的法律与英格兰的法律也有不少的差异。
虽然北爱尔兰有不少议会法令，但大部分都遵从英格兰的惯例。
它们的共同特点是拥有全国统一的最高法院（上议院），目前英国许多立法适用于英国全境。
英国司法独立于政府行政机构。
18世纪中期英国的政治体制有什么特点
英国代议制成熟，表现为：责任内阁制形成，国王统而不治，议会获得了对行政的监督权。
英国有哪些政治制度以被世人所公认
英国的君主立宪制和议会制被世界认可，但是请注意的是其实英国到现在都没有真正意义上的宪法
