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形容虚拟的时间句子

时间:2019-09-02 01:35

if引导的句子什么时候用虚拟语气,什么时候不要用虚拟语气呢

引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条两类:1).真实条件句Sentences of Real Condition):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句.例如:⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的.⑵、As long as I say anything wrong, you must point it out.只要我说了什么错话,你一定要指出来.⑶、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话,我们就一起去钓鱼.)2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition):当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句.例如:⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话,就去参加会议了.⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话,就会看见他的老朋友.⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.(如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里.)2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句.只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气.通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反.通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反.②与现在事实相反.③与将来事实可能相反.3、“后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态.即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”.也就是:①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示.②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示.③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示. 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式.例:⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.4、注意事项①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序.②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were.

虚拟语气错综时间句子,谓语动词为什么这样用

既然你都说了这是个错综时间句,这句话从句表示与过去相反(注意是by now,不是now),主句表示与将来相反。

与过去相反的话,要用had +过去分词。

关于as if 后跟的句子什么时候用退一格的形式,什么时候用虚拟语气

as if 的用法 as if 好像,好似 She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情,好像她早就认识我似的。

(= as though)as if 的用法 一、as if 从句的作用 1. 在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。

如: She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。

It seems as if our team is going to win. 看来我们队要胜了。

2. 引导方式状语从句。

如: She loves the boy as if she were his mother. 她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。

The child talked to us as if he were a grown?up. 那孩子跟我们谈起话来,像个成年人似的。

二、as if 还可用于省略句中 如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。

如: He acts as if (he was) a fool. 他做事像个傻子。

Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something. 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。

She left the room hurriedly as if (she was)angry. 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。

三、as if 从句的语气及时态 1. as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。

当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。

如: It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。

He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。

2. as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。

当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。

从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下: (1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。

如: You look as if you didn’ t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。

He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。

(2)从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。

如: He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。

The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone. 那女孩倾听着,一动也不动,像已经变成了石头似的。

(3)从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。

如: He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。

It looks as if it might snow. 看来好像要下雪了。

下面的句子为什么不用虚拟语气?

给看虚拟如何用虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试点之一。

虚拟语气是一种特殊词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would\\\/ should\\\/ could\\\/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would \\\/ should \\\/ could \\\/ might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。

⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。

一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。

If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to \\\/ should +动词原形,主句用would \\\/ should \\\/could\\\/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题) ⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。

这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. ⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。

例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。

⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。

Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。

(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him. ⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。

谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。

值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。

例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式 ① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. ② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. ③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. ⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。

谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now. Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气 ⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. ⒉ 在It's (high\\\/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。

谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school ⒊ 虚拟语气在as if \\\/ as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。

例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。

⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。

例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题) ⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。

谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。

例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice. 虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

③May you succeed!祝您成功

虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。

让我们就从最简单的开始吧。

虚拟语气详解运用: 简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。

如: ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗

⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

二、表祝愿。

1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。

⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运

⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐

⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就

⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。

2、用动词原形。

例如: (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁

(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你

” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快

三、表示强烈愿望。

(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) (1).God save me. (2).Heaven help us. 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:

3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。

(1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。

如: (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。

(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反): 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。

其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。

例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。

(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。

(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。

(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。

(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反): 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。

其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。

例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。

(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。

(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。

本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。

所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案 三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望): 从句动词would\\\/should\\\/could\\\/might + 动词原形(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。

用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。

例: 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。

(事实上雨还在下着呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。

(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。

(事实上她还没到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她会改变主意。

(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起) 四)、注意: 1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。

例如: I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。

2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有: 表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order 表示“主张”的:maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist 例如: 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。

) 4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。

) 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English

qaq告诉我错综时间虚拟条件句的用法、结构和句型

不要复制的

感激不尽

If I had met her five years ago, she wuold be my wife today.If he had reviewed the lessons last night, Morris would be able to answer most of the questions now.看到句子(主句)有today或now一类的词,就用错综时间的虚拟语气,一般用现在时,从句就是按一般的虚拟方法来.

虚拟语气的含蓄条件句的运用

你提出来的是同一论题的不同的方面,下面分两方面作答:一、含蓄条件句: 所谓含蓄条件句就是利用语境不直接说出条件的句子。

这种句子可以分为两类:一种是广义的含蓄条件句,另一种是狭义的含蓄条件句。

1. 广义含蓄指的是不用连词 if 或 unless 介绍条件,而是改用其他方式。

事实上这些表达方式也是同样是条件状语。

(1)用介词引入条件: * but for(如不是, 如没有):注意,凡是出现这个复合介词的句子,必须要用虚拟语气,如: We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain.(= We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.) * without\\\/with (在不具备\\\/具备…的条件下), 如: Without his help, I could not have done it well. (=If he hadn’t helped me, I could not have done it well.) With favorable winds, we might have got there in tow days. (= If there should be favorable winds, we might have got there in tow days.) * under (在…条件下) We could have done better under more favorable conditions. (= We could have done better if we were to be under more favorable conditions.) (2)分词短语充当条件(分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能),如: Given a certain oppertunity, he could have shown more talent. (= If he hade been given a certain oppertunity, he could have shown more talent.) (3)表示不具备条件的连词连词:but,but that,or或otherwise不定式短语 They would have resisted but that they lacked courage. (= They would have resisted if they hadn’t lacked courage. 要不是缺乏勇气她们会抵抗的. )诸如此类,不一而足。

2. 狭义含蓄指的是不用任何语言方式显示条件,而是把条件隐藏在具体的原环境中, (1)用上下文暗示条件,如: I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have finished it. (If I hadn’t been busy then, I would have finished it.) It rained yesterday, or I would have gone camping. (If It hadn’t rained yesterday, I would have gone camping.) (2)用委婉语气暗示条件,如: Would you mind opening the window? (=Would mind if I opend the window.) Could you do me a favour to pass me the book? (= You would do me a favour if you should pass me the book. ) (3)用表示愿望的语气暗示条件,如: Long live the Chairman Mao! (= If Chairman Mao should live long.) (4)用其他语言环境暗示条件,如: That would be fine. ( =省略了If you should do it.) You might saty here forever. (=省略了 If you wanted to.) I would not have done it. (=省略了 If I were you.) 二、含蓄条件句的虚拟时间 含蓄条件句是一种不出现条件从句的句子,也就是说它只是单独的一个主句形式,因此谓语动词就是主句所要求的形式. 1. 表示对过去的虚拟:情态动词 would\\\/could\\\/should\\\/ought to + have done 2. 表示对现在或将来的虚拟:情态动词 would\\\/could\\\/should\\\/ought to + do

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