什么是翻转课堂
翻转课堂,盛行于西方.学生通过网络在家里网上学习 ,学习老师上传到网上的视频知识讲解.到校后讲学习中遇到的困难疑惑在课堂上交流,教师点拨解惑.此模式在我国网络还不能推广,特别是农村,另外涉及到学习习惯学习自觉性学校管理体制等诸多问题,当前全面推行行不通.特别是落后的农村.当然,我国江苏南通东庐中学的纸质讲学稿倒是和翻转课堂有异曲同工之妙,先学后教.不过,翻转课堂当前提的挺响,有意向的话可以结合自己的实际情况研究研究.希望您研究出的成果能共享一下.翻转课堂是从英语“Flipped Classroom”或“Inverted Classroom”翻译过来的术语,一般被称为“反转课堂式教学模式”. 翻转课堂的起源 一直以来,在科罗拉多州落基山的一个山区镇学校“林地公园高中”普遍存在的问题之一是：许多学生由于各种原因时常错过了正常的学校活动,且学生过多的时间花费在往返学校的巴士上.这样导致很多学生由于缺课而学习跟不上,直到有一天情况发生了变化.在2007年春天,学校化学教师的乔纳森·伯尔曼(Jon Bergmann)和亚伦·萨姆斯(Aaron Sams)开始使用屏幕捕捉软件录制powerpoint演示文稿的播放和讲解声音.他们把结合实时讲解和PPT演示的视频上传到网络,以此帮助课堂缺席的学生补课,而那时YouTube才刚刚开始.更具开创性的一步是,他们逐渐以学生在家看视频听讲解为基础,开辟出课堂时间来为完成作业或做实验过程中有困难的学生提供帮助.不久,这些在线教学视频被更多的学生接受并广泛传播开了.由于很多学生在每天晚上6时至10时之间下载教学视频,以至于学校的视频服务器在这个时段经常崩溃.“翻转课堂已经改变了我们的教学实践 .我们再也不会在学生面前,给他们一节课讲解30?60分钟.我们可能永远不会回到传统的方式教学了.”这对搭档对此深有感慨. 两位老师的实践引起越来越多的关注,以至于经常受到邀请向全国各地的教师介绍这种教学模式.他们二位都是优秀的教师,乔纳森曾因为出色课堂教学获得“数学和科学教学卓越总统奖”,而亚伦则因为翻转课堂也获得了同一奖项. 他们的讲座已经遍布北美,逐渐有更多教师开始利用在线视频来在课外教授学生,回到课堂的时间则进行协作学习和概念掌握的练习.翻转课堂,不仅改变了小镇高中的课堂,来自世界各地的许多教师也采用这种模式用来教西班牙语、科学、数学；并用于小学、初中、高中和成人教育.定义翻转课堂 不言而喻,“翻转课堂”的定义已经非常清晰了.所谓翻转课堂,就是教师创建视频,学生在家中或课外观看视频中教师的讲解,回到课堂上师生面对面交流和完成作业的这样一种教学形态.翻转课堂是什么? 是一种手段,增加学生和教师之间的互动和个性化的接触时间. 是让学生对自己学习负责的环境. 老师是学生身边的“教练”,不是在讲台上的“圣人”. 是混合了直接讲解与建构主义学习. 是学生课堂缺席,但不被甩在后面. 是课堂的内容得到永久存档,可用于复习或补课 . 是所有的学生都积极学习的课堂. 是让所有学生都能得到个性化教育.翻转课堂不是什么? 不是在线视频的代名词.翻转课堂除了教学视频外,还有面对面的互动时间,与同学和教师一起发生有意义的学习活动. 不是视频取代教师 不是在线课程. 不是学生无序学习. 不是让整个班的学生都盯着电脑屏幕. 不是学生在孤立的学习. 如何开始翻转课堂 根据林地公园高中的经验我们总结了下面的步骤： 1. 创建教学视频：首先,应明确学生必须掌握的目标,以及视频最终需要表现的内容；其次,是收集和创建视频,应考虑不同教师和班级的差异；第三,在制作过程中应考虑学生的想法,以适应不同学生的学习方法和习惯. 2. 组织课堂活动：内容在课外传递给学生后,那么课堂内更需要高质量的学习活动,让学生有机会在具体环境中应用其所学内容.包括： 学生创建内容 独立解决问题 探究式活动 基于项目的学习翻转课堂是如何改变学习 乔纳森·贝格曼和亚伦·萨姆斯在Youtube视频和多个演讲中提到了翻转课堂在下面三方面从根本上改变了我们的学习. 1．“翻转”让学生自己掌控学习 翻转课堂后,利用教学视频,学生能根据自身情况来安排和控制自己的学习.学生在课外或回家看教师的视频讲解,完全可以在轻松的氛围中进行；而不必像在课堂上教师集体教学那样紧绷神经,担心遗漏什么,或因为分心而跟不上教学节奏.学生观看视频的节奏快慢全在自己掌握,懂了的快进跳过,没动的倒退反复观看,也可停下来仔细思考或笔记,甚至还可以通过聊天软件向老师和同伴寻求帮助. 2．“翻转”增加了学习中的互动. 翻转课堂最大的好处就是全面提升了课堂的互动,具体表现在教师和学生之间以及学生与学生之间. 由于教师的角色已经从内容的呈现者转变为学习的教练,这让我们有时间与学生交谈,回答学生的问题,参与到学习小组,对每个学生的学习进行个别指导.当学生在完成作业时,我们会注意到部分学生为相同的问题所困扰,我们就组织这部分学生成立辅导小组,往往会为这类有相同疑问的学生举行小型讲座.小型讲座的美妙之处是当学生遇到难题准备请教时,我们能及时的给予指导. 当教师更多的成为指导者而非内容的传递者时,我们也有机会观察到学生之间的互动.我们在教室内巡视过程中注意到学生发展起了他们自己的协作学习小组,学生们彼此帮助,相互学习和借鉴,而不是依靠教师作为知识的唯一传播者.它确实是神奇的观察,使我们对学生们的合作学习探讨充满了敬畏. 当我们尊重学生们的这种方式,他们通常会作出回应.他们开始认识到,我们在这里,是在引导他们的学习,而不是发布指令的教师.我们的目标是他们成为最好的学习者,并真正理解我们课程的内容.当我们在学生身边和他们一起掌握概念,他们会以他们最好行动来回应. 可能有些同行会问,我们如何形成我们的学习文化.我们认为关键是让学生确定学习作为自己的目标,而不是争取完成任务.因此我们着力于把课程变成有意义的活动而不是完成繁忙的工作. 3．“翻转”让教师与家长的交流更深入 翻转课堂改变了我们与家长交流的内容.大家都记得,多年以来,在家长会上,父母问得最多的是自己孩子在课堂上的表现,比如：安静的听讲,行为恭敬,举手回答问题,不打扰其它同学.这些看起来是学习好的特征,我们回答起来却很纠结.因为在我们翻转课堂后,在课堂上这些问题也不再是重要的问题.现在真正的问题是：孩子们是否在学习?如果他们不学习,我们能做些什么来帮助他们学习呢?这个更深刻的问题会带领教师与家长商量：如何把学生带到一个环境,帮助他们成为更好的学习者. 学生为什么不学习有无数的理由：他们没有相关的基础知识吗?他们个人问题干扰他们的学习吗?或者,他们更关注“在学校玩”,而不是学习吗?当我们（家长和教师）可以诊断孩子为什么不学习时,我们就能创建一个强大的时刻来实施必要的干预措施.教学特点 1、可汗学院利用了网络传送的便捷与录影重复利用成本低的特性,每段课程影片长度约十分钟,从最基础的内容开始,以由易到难的进阶方式互相衔接. 2、教学者本人不出现在影片中,用的是一种电子黑板系统.其网站目前也开发了一种练习系统,记录了学习者对每一个问题的完整练习记录,教学者参考该记录,可以很容易得知学习者哪些观念不懂. 3、传统的学校课程中,为了配合全班的进度,教师只要求学生跨过一定的门槛（例如及格）就继续往下教；但若利用类似于可汗学院的系统,则可以试图让学生搞懂每一个未来还要用到的基础观念之后,再继续往下教学,进度类似的学生可以重编在一班. 4、在美国某些学校已经采用回家不做功课,看可汗学院影片代替上课,上学时则是做练习,再由老师或已经懂得的同学去教导其他同学不懂的地方这样的教学模式. 5、可汗老师教学的方式,就是在一块触控面板上面,点选不一样颜色的彩笔,一边画,一边录音,电脑软体会帮他将他所画的东西全部录下来,最后再将这一则录下的影片上传到网上,一切就大功告成了. 6、他的教学视频,没有精良的画面,也看不到主讲人,只想带领观众一点点思考.
关于小学生迎三八妇女节的演讲稿,串联词也可以,可是,计住是小学生,不要其他的,要适用与小学生的!!!!!!!!
Risk management in the IT industryEvery organization has a mission. In this digital era, as organizations use automated information technology (IT) systems to process their information for better support of their missions, risk management plays a critical role in protecting an organization’s information assets, and therefore its mission, from IT-related risk.Risk management is the process that allows IT managers to balance the operational and economic costs of protective measures and achieve gains in mission capability by protecting the IT systems and data that support their organizations’ missions. This process is not unique to the IT environment; indeed it pervades decision-making in all areas of our daily lives.An effective risk management process is an important component of a successful IT security program. The principal goal of an organization’s risk management process should be to protect the organization and its ability to perform their mission, not just its IT assets. Therefore, the risk management process should not be treated primarily as a technical function carried out by the IT experts who operate and manage the IT system, but as an essential management function of the organization. So, who should be involved in risk management of an organization?Personnel who should support and participate in the risk management process are:-• Senior Management. Senior management, under the standard of due care andultimate responsibility for mission accomplishment, must ensure that the necessary resources are effectively applied to develop the capabilities needed to accomplish the mission. They must also assess and incorporate results of the risk assessment activity into the decision making process. An effective risk management program that assesses and mitigates IT-related mission risks requires the support and involvement of senior management.• Chief Information Officer (CIO). The CIO is responsible for the agency’s ITplanning, budgeting, and performance including its information security components. Decisions made in these areas should be based on an effective risk management program.• System and Information Owners. The system and information owners are responsible for ensuring that proper controls are in place to address integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the IT systems and data they own. Typically the system and information owners are responsible for changes to their IT systems. The system and information owners must therefore understand their role in the risk management process and fully support this process.• Business and Functional Managers. The managers responsible for businessoperations and IT procurement process must take an active role in the riskmanagement process. These managers are the individuals with the authority andresponsibility for making the trade-off decisions essential to mission accomplishment. Their involvement in the risk management process enables the achievement of proper security for the IT systems, which, if managed properly, will provide mission effectiveness with a minimal expenditure of resources.• ISSO. Information System Security Officer and computer security officers are responsible for their organizations’ security programs, including risk management. Therefore, they play a leading role in introducing an appropriate, structured methodology to help identify, evaluate, and minimize risks to the IT systems that support their organizations’ missions. • IT Security Practitioners. IT security practitioners (e.g., network, system,application, and database administrators; computer specialists; security analysts;security consultants) are responsible for proper implementation of securityrequirements in their IT systems. As changes occur in the existing IT systemenvironment (e.g., expansion in network connectivity, changes to the existinginfrastructure and organizational policies, introduction of new technologies), the ITsecurity practitioners must support or use the risk management process to identify and assess new potential risks and implement new security controls as needed tosafeguard their IT systems.• Security Awareness Trainers (Security\\\/Subject Matter Professionals). Theorganization’s personnel are the users of the IT systems. Use of the IT systems anddata according to an organization’s policies, guidelines, and rules of behavior is critical to mitigating risk and protecting the organization’s IT resources. To minimize risk to the IT systems, it is essential that system and application users be provided with security awareness training. Therefore, the IT security trainers or security\\\/subject matter professionals must understand the risk management process so that they can develop appropriate training materials and incorporate risk assessment into training programs to educate the end users.Most organizations have tight budgets for IT security; therefore, IT security spending must be reviewed as thoroughly as other management decisions. A well-structured risk management methodology, when used effectively, can help management identify appropriate controls for providing the mission-essential security capabilities.Risk management encompasses three processes: risk assessment, risk mitigation, and evaluation and assessment.Risk assessment is the first process in the risk management methodology. Organizations use risk assessment to determine the extent of the potential threat and the risk associated with an IT system throughout its SDLC (System Development Life Cycle). The risk assessment methodology encompasses nine primary steps, which are• Step 1System Characterization • Step 2Threat Identification • Step 3Vulnerability Identification• Step 4Control Analysis• Step 5Likelihood Determination • Step 6Impact Analysis • Step 7Risk Determination• Step 8Control Recommendations , and • Step 9Results Documentation Risk mitigation, the second process of risk management, involves prioritizing, evaluating, and implementing the appropriate risk-reducing controls recommended from the risk assessment process.When control actions must be taken, the following rule applies:Address the greatest risks and strive for sufficient risk mitigation at the lowest cost, with minimal impact on other mission capabilities.The following risk mitigation methodology describes the approach to control implementation:• Step 1Prioritize ActionsBased on the risk levels presented in the risk assessment report, the implementationactions are prioritized.• Step 2Evaluate Recommended Control OptionsThe controls recommended in the risk assessment process may not be the mostappropriate and feasible options for a specific organization and IT system. The objective is to select the most appropriate control option for minimizing risk.• Step 3Conduct Cost-Benefit AnalysisTo aid management in decision making and to identify cost-effective controls, a cost benefit analysis is conducted.• Step 4Select ControlOn the basis of the results of the cost-benefit analysis, management determines themost cost-effective control(s) for reducing risk to the organization’s mission. Thecontrols selected should combine technical, operational, and management controlelements to ensure adequate security for the IT system and the organization.• Step 5Assign ResponsibilityAppropriate persons (in-house personnel or external contracting staff) who have theappropriate expertise and skill-sets to implement the selected control are identified,and responsibility is assigned.• Step 6Develop a Safeguard Implementation PlanDuring this step, a safeguard implementation plan (or action plan) is developed. The plan should, at a minimum, contain the following information:– Risks and associated risk levels– Recommended controls – Prioritized actions (with priority given to items with Very High and High risklevels)– Selected planned controls (determined on the basis of feasibility, effectiveness,benefits to the organization, and cost)– Required resources for implementing the selected planned controls– Lists of responsible teams and staff– Start date for implementation– Target completion date for implementation–Maintenance requirements.• Step 7Implement Selected Control(s)Depending on individual situations, the implemented controls may lower the risklevel but not eliminate the risk.In implementing the above recommended controls to mitigate risk, an organization should consider technical, management, and operational security controls, or a combination of such controls, to maximize the effectiveness of controls for their IT systems and organization. Security controls, when used appropriately, can prevent, limit, or deter threat-source damage to an organization’s mission.And now we come to the last process but not the least, EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT.In most organizations, the network itself will continually be expanded and updated, its components changed, and its software applications replaced or updated with newer versions. In addition, personnel changes will occur and security policies are likely to change over time. These changes mean that new risks will surface and risks previously mitigated may again become a concern. Thus, the risk management process is ongoing and evolving.To put in a nutshell, a successful risk management program will rely on(1) senior management’s commitment; (2) the full support and participation of the IT team ; (3) the competence of the risk assessment team, which must have the expertise to apply the risk assessment methodology to a specific site and system, identify mission risks, and provide cost-effective safeguards that meet the needs of the organization; (4) the awareness and cooperation of members of the user community, who must follow procedures and comply with the implemented controls to safeguard the mission of their organization; and (5) an ongoing evaluation and assessment of the IT-related mission risks. Thank you very much for your attention!
求一份5-8分钟的英文演讲稿，题目不限
now we are facing two problems of global warming and a shortage of natural resources, both of which are getting more and more serious day by day. thus, it is important for us to promote a low-carbon lifestyle.low-carbon lifestyle covers many aspect of our life like transportation, traveling, home-heating, and so on. in order to promote a low-carbon life, some plans must be carried out as follows. firstly, don’t waste any electricity and water. remember to turn off the lights and water taps unless we use them. secondly, we had better take the subways or bus to work, so as to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide. thirdly, we should use cloth bags for shopping instead of plastic bags, and use recyclable bowls and chopsticks instead of disposable ones, for it can not only save resources, but also reduce pollution. what’s more, it is of great significance to plant more trees, since trees can balance the carbon dioxide emissions.in a word, if we live a low-carbon life from now on, we will have a better environment and more resources left for our descendants.如今我们面临着两大环境问题：全球变暖和自然资源匮乏，且情况日益严重。
由此可见，提倡低碳生活的重要性。
低碳生活方式包括了我们生活的很多方面，比如交通、旅行、室内取暖等。
为了促进低碳生活，我们应该采取以下的行动。
首先，不要浪费水电。
要记得随手关灯，用水完后随手关闭水龙头。
其次，我们最好坐地铁或是公交车上班，这样可以减少碳排放。
第三，我们购物时应该用布袋替换塑料袋;使用可循环利用的碗筷，不使用一次性用品。
因为这样不仅节约资源，也减少污染。
此外，大量植树也很重要，因为树木可以平衡二氧化碳排放量。
总之，如果我们现在开始低碳生活，我们将会拥有跟美好的环境，还为我们的子孙后代节约资源。
友谊是彼此关爱英文演讲稿(两分钟)
I want to be a English teacher in the future.Because I can help students with English. This dream is from one day.In the summer,the weather was hot.The all of students were in the classroom.They were drank juice.The English teacher wasn’t drank somethings.He was taught us English at all time.I thought the English teacher was very great.So I want to be a great English teacher. I have to study English hard for this dream.How I look for become a English teacher.
