关于平等演讲稿
毕业论文是教学科研过程的一个环节，也是学业成绩考核和评定的一种重要方式。
毕业论文的目的在于总结学生在校期间的学习成果，培养学生具有综合地创造性地运用所学的全部专业知识和技能解决较为复杂问题的能力并使他们受到科学研究的基本训练。
标题标题是文章的眉目。
各类文章的标题，样式繁多，但无论是何种形式，总要以全部或不同的侧面体现作者的写作意图、文章的主旨。
毕业论文的标题一般分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。
总标题总标题是文章总体内容的体现。
常见的写法有：①揭示课题的实质。
这种形式的标题，高度概括全文内容，往往就是文章的中心论点。
它具有高度的明确性，便于读者把握全文内容的核心。
诸如此类的标题很多，也很普遍。
如《关于经济体制的模式问题》、《经济中心论》、《县级行政机构改革之我见》等。
②提问式。
这类标题用设问句的方式，隐去要回答的内容，实际上作者的观点是十分明确的，只不过语意婉转，需要读者加以思考罢了。
这种形式的标题因其观点含蓄，轻易激起读者的注重。
如《家庭联产承包制就是单干吗?》、《商品经济等同于资本主义经济吗?》等。
③交代内容范围。
这种形式的标题，从其本身的角度看，看不出作者所指的观点，只是对文章内容的范围做出限定。
拟定这种标题，一方面是文章的主要论点难以用一句简短的话加以归纳；另一方面，交代文章内容的范围，可引起同仁读者的注重，以求引起共鸣。
这种形式的标题也较普遍。
如《试论我国农村的双层经营体制》、《正确处理中心和地方、条条与块块的关系》、《战后西方贸易自由化剖析》等。
④用判定句式。
这种形式的标题给予全文内容的限定，可伸可缩，具有很大的灵活性。
文章研究对象是具体的，面较小，但引申的思想又须有很强的概括性，面较宽。
这种从小处着眼，大处着手的标题，有利于科学思维和科学研究的拓展。
如《从乡镇企业的兴起看中国农村的希望之光》、《科技进步与农业经济》、《从“劳动创造了美”看美的本质》等。
求几篇很经典的英文演讲稿 不要太长了 我想背下来
Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说 Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now, we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 译文：87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。
现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。
我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。
烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。
我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。
但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，不能够神化。
那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。
我们今天在这里所说的话，全世界不大会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们在这里所做过的事，全世界却永远不会忘记。
毋宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人，应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。
倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业；我们要在这里下定最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生，要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。
名人演讲稿（英文）
这个够牛了吧
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.100年前，一位伟大的美国人——今天我们就站在他象征性的身影下——签署了。
这项重要法令的颁布，对于千百万灼烤于非正义残焰中的黑奴，犹如带来希望之光的硕大灯塔，恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明。
But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition.然而，100年后，黑人依然没有获得自由。
100年后，黑人依然悲惨地蹒跚于种族隔离和的枷锁之下。
100年后，黑人依然生活在物质繁荣翰海的贫困孤岛上。
100年后，黑人依然在美国社会中间向隅而泣，依然感到自己在国土家园中流离漂泊。
所以，我们今天来到这里，要把这骇人听闻的情况公诸于众。
In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.从某种意义上说，我们来到国家的首都是为了兑现一张支票。
我们共和国的缔造者在拟写宪法和的辉煌篇章时，就签署了一张每一个美国人都能继承的期票。
这张期票向所有人承诺——不论白人还是黑人——都享有不可让渡的生存权、自由权和权。
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked insufficient funds. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.然而，今天美国显然对她的有色公民拖欠着这张期票。
美国没有承兑这笔神圣的债务，而是开始给黑人一张空头支票——一张盖着“资金不足”的印戳被退回的支票。
但是，我们决不相信正义的银行会破产。
我们决不相信这个国家巨大的机会宝库会资金不足。
So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.因此，我们来兑现这张支票。
这张支票将给我们以宝贵的自由和正义的保障。
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.我们来到这块圣地还为了提醒美国：现在正是万分紧急的时刻。
现在不是从容不迫悠然行事或服用渐进主义镇静剂的时候。
现在是实现民主诺言的时候。
现在是走出幽暗荒凉的种族隔离深谷，踏上种族平等的阳关大道的时候。
现在是使我们国家走出种族不平等的流沙，踏上充满手足之情的磐石的时候。
现在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的时候。
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning.忽视这一时刻的紧迫性，对于国家将会是致命的。
自由平等的朗朗秋日不到来，黑人顺情合理哀怨的酷暑就不会过去。
1963年不是一个结束，而是一个开端。
Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.如果国家依然我行我素，那些希望黑人只需出出气就会心满意足的人将大失所望。
在黑人得到公民权之前，美国既不会安宁，也不会平静。
反抗的旋风将继续震撼我们国家的基石，直至光辉灿烂的正义之日来临。
But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.但是，对于站在通向正义之宫艰险门槛上的人们，有一些话我必须要说。
在我们争取合法地位的过程中，切不要错误行事导致犯罪。
我们切不要吞饮仇恨辛酸的苦酒，来解除对于自由的饮渴。
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.我们应该永远得体地、纪律严明地进行斗争。
我们不能容许我们富有创造性的抗议沦为暴力行动。
我们应该不断升华到用对付肉体力量的崇高境界。
The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.席卷黑人社会的新的奇迹般的，不应导致我们对所有白人的不信任——因为许多白人兄弟已经认识到：他们的命运同我们的命运紧密相连，他们的自由同我们的自由休戚相关。
他们今天来到这里参加集会就是明证。
We cannot walk alone.And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, When will you be satisfied? We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.我们不能单独行动。
当我们行动时，我们必须保证勇往直前。
我们不能后退。
有人问热心民权运动的人：“你们什么时候会感到满意
”只要黑人依然是不堪形容的警察暴行恐怖的牺牲品，我们就决不会满意。
只要我们在旅途劳顿后，却被公路旁汽车游客旅社和城市旅馆拒之门外，我们就决不会满意。
只要黑人的基本活动范围只限于从狭小的黑人居住区到较大的黑人居住区，我们就决不会满意。
只要我们的孩子被“仅供白人”的牌子剥夺个性，损毁尊严，我们就决不会满意。
只要的黑人不能参加选举，纽约州的黑人认为他们与选举毫不相干，我们就决不会满意。
不，不，我们不会满意，直至公正似水奔流，正义如泉喷涌。
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.我并非没有注意到你们有些人历尽艰难困苦来到这里。
你们有些人刚刚走出狭小的牢房。
有些人来自因追求自由而遭受迫害风暴袭击和警察暴虐狂飙摧残的地区。
你们饱经风霜，历尽苦难。
继续努力吧，要相信：无辜受苦终得拯救。
Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.回到密西西比去吧；回到亚拉巴马去吧；回到去吧；回到佐治亚去吧；回到路易斯安那去吧；回到我们北方城市中的贫民窟和黑人居住区去吧。
要知道，这种情况能够而且将会改变。
我们切不要在绝望的深渊里沉沦。
I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.朋友们，今天我要对你们说，尽管眼下困难重重，但我依然怀有一个梦。
这个梦深深植根于美国梦之中。
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.我梦想有一天，这个国家将会奋起，实现其立国信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理不言而喻：人人生而平等。
”I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.我梦想有一天，在的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，亲如手足。
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.我梦想有一天，甚至连——一个非正义和压迫的热浪逼人的荒漠之州，也会改造成为自由和公正的青青绿洲。
I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.我梦想有一天，我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。
I have a dream today.我今天怀有一个梦。
I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.我梦想有一天，会有所改变——尽管该州州长现在仍滔滔不绝地说什么要对联邦法令提出异议和拒绝执行——在那里，黑人儿童能够和白人儿童兄弟姐妹般地携手并行。
I have a dream today.我今天怀有一个梦。
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，歧路化坦途，曲径成通衢，上帝的光华再现，普天下生灵共谒。
This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.这是我们的希望。
这是我将带回南方去的信念。
有了这个信念，我们就能绝望之山开采出希望之石。
有了这个信念，我们就能把这个国家的嘈杂刺耳的争吵声，变为充满手足之情的悦耳交响曲。
有了这个信念，我们就能一同工作，一同祈祷，一同斗争，一同入狱，一同维护自由，因为我们知道，我们终有一天会获得自由。
This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning, My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring.从到了这一天，上帝的所有孩子都能以新的含义高唱这首歌：我的祖国，可爱的自由之邦，我为您歌唱。
这是我祖先终老的地方，这是早期移民自豪的地方，让自由之声，响彻每一座山岗。
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California!But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.如果美国要成为伟大的国家，这一点必须实现。
因此，让自由之声响彻新罕布什尔州的巍峨高峰
让自由之声响彻纽约州的崇山峻岭
让自由之声响彻宾夕法尼亚州的阿勒格尼高峰
让自由之声响彻科罗拉多州冰雪皑皑的洛基山
让自由之声响彻加利福尼亚州的婀娜群峰
不，不仅如此；让自由之声响彻佐治亚州的石山
让自由之声响彻田纳西州的望山
让自由之声响彻密西西比州的一座座山峰，一个个土丘
让自由之声响彻每一个山岗
When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!当我们让自由之声轰响，当我们让自由之声响彻每一个大村小庄，每一个州府城镇，我们就能加速这一天的到来。
那时，上帝的所有孩子，黑人和白人，犹太教徒和非犹太教徒，耶稣教徒和天主教徒，将能携手同唱那首古老的黑人灵歌：“终于自由了
终于自由了
感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了
”
我要找一篇英语演讲稿,初2或初3水平
My definition of success Good afternoon, my honored teachers and my fellow students, my name chendaojuan .I am very pleased to stand here to make a speech for everyone. I hope you can like it. I feel it's my pleasure to give a talk. My topic is : My definition of success-----Today I am very glad to be here to share with you my ideas of succes.What is success? It is what everyone is longing for.Sometimes success would be rather simple.Winning a game issuccess;getting a high grade in the exam is success; making a new friend is success; even now I am standing here giving my speech is somehow also success. However, as a person’s whole life is concerned, success becomes very complicated. Is fortune success? Is fame success?Is high social status success? No, I don’t think so.I believesuccess is the realization of people’s hopes and ideals.Nowadays,in the modern society there are many people who areregarded as the successful.And the most obvious characteristic-s of them are money,high position and luxurious life.So most people believe that success and all that they do is for this purpose.But the problem is whether it is real success. We all know there are always more money, higher position andbetter condition in front of us.If we keep chasing them,whereis the end? What will satisfy us at last?Therefore,we can see, to get the real success we must need something inside, which is the realization of people’hopes and ideals. Different people have different ideas about success,because people’s hopes and ideas vary from one another. But I am sure every success is dear to everybody, because it is not easy to come by, because in the process of our striving for success, we got both our body and soul tempted, meanwhile we are enlightened by the most valuable qualities of human-being: love, patient, courage and sense of responsibility. These are the best treasures. So now I am very proud that I have this opportunity to stand here speaking to all of you. It is my success, because I raise up to cha-llenge my hope. What is success? Everyone has his own interpretation as I do. But I am sure every success leads to an ever-brighter future. So ladies and gentlemen, believe in our hopes, believe in ourselves, we, every one of us, can make a successful life! Wish you all good success!That’s allThank you
关于自由的演讲稿
胡适：不自由，勿宁死一个新社会、新国家，总是一些爱自由爱真理的人造成的，决不是一班奴才造成的。
——胡适我一直不太明白，中国人为什么那么爱做选择题，连人都是要非此即彼，鲁迅还是胡适，一看这样的文字，我就异常郁闷，就如非让我选择是吃萝卜还是白菜一样。
在鲁迅所有文字中我最推崇的是《死后》，鲁迅生前即想到了死后所要面对的各种尴尬与耻辱，那些任意歪曲和篡改着他文字的人，是他死后所不能控制的，生前尚且有申辩的可能，死后是断无申辩的机会了。
作为一定要钉在历史上示众的人，我常常以为他们是很悲剧的，如胡适，如鲁迅，尽管内心是多么的不情愿，他们丝毫不能阻挠死后被人利用，而且被利用得如此彻底，如此纯粹。
有时他们的一句话，就可以被无限上纲上线，就可以作为养活别人的工具，杀死对手的利器。
因鲁迅和胡适而成就了文化政治上敌我相向的两大阵营，选择一个，就意味着放弃另一个，这样的一种文化选择，是人的悲哀还是他们二人的悲哀
“取其精华，去其糟粕”，我很纳闷，为什么我们一直嘴里喊着的头上举着的至理名言，却在实践的时候抛到了九霄云外。
胡适在《梦与诗》中有一句：你不能做我的诗，正如我不能做你的梦。
可是，为什么我们总是要别人做一样的诗歌，甚至做一样的梦呢
做不成鲁迅，也做不成胡适，是不是我们就不再是我们自己
当我们以为离他们很近的时候，实则是我们远离他们的时候，因为我们失去了他们两个人最基本的精神――独立与自由的精神。
失去独立自由的灵魂，不过是依附于他人的奴隶，无论所依附的人多么的伟大，多么的崇高，都改变不了奴才的本性。
所以研究红楼梦的红学家终其一生写不出第二部红楼，不过是在一些残迹中搜索到可以赖以生存的残羹冷饭。
于是文抄公遍地走，考证癖成通病。
假如胡适先生跌碎了一副眼镜，我一点都不惊讶会有人去考证他眼镜的来历，跌碎的原因，当时他在想什么，做什么，为什么那眼镜就从鼻梁上掉到了地下，那地方是在他家里，还是在外面，在哪个角落都必须有特定的意义。
放在显微镜下的人，是无隐私可言的，所以胡适的婚姻成了饭后茶余的点心，想怎么掰就怎么掰，想怎么揉就怎么揉，也不管胡适自己是不是幸福的，胡适夫人是不是满意的，就在那里按照自己的意愿去下结论，殊不知，幸福的结论是胡适与他夫人一起写的，是与旁人毫无关系的。
胡适一生坚持自由，这自由不仅仅是对自己的，也是对别人。
1925年，在《晨报》被烧事件之后，胡适在给陈独秀的信中写到：“争自由的唯一原理是：‘异乎我者未必即非，而同乎我者未必即是；今日众人之所是未必即是，而众人之所非未必真非。
’”因此在晚年的时候，他能说实则他与鲁迅是一个阵营里的，而这个阵营就是自由之营。
鲁迅与胡适无论曾经多针锋相对，有过多少公案，多少过节，都在自由的旗帜下站在了中国文化的顶峰，而通往自由的路上，跌倒的是大批的行尸走肉，多的是人云亦云的奴才与走狗。
在个人自由与国家命运发生矛盾的时候，胡适勇敢的放弃了个人自由而选择了与国家共进退，这绝对不是有些人单纯意义上所说的向政治靠拢，向政权妥协，胡适从一个政府的批判者而转成政府的建言者，这种角色的错位实则是对自由更大意义上的一种诠释。
国之存亡，匹夫有责，胡适报效之国，绝非所谓的某个政府掌控之国，而是中华民众之国，当这个国家遭受到外来侵略的时候，个人的政治观点与哲学理念是要和国家当时的环境相靠近或者暂时妥协的，因此，不难理解一个一向坚持自由之灵魂的胡适何以能在1938年接受蒋介石政府的驻美大使之职，当时他的日记是这样记载的：“二十一年的独立自由的生活，今日起，为国家牺牲了。
”这样的悲壮，该是怎样的一颗爱国之心，无论是否对他的政治主张或者哲学思想赞同，我都为这样的一颗心而感动。
在美任职期间，给他的夫人江秀冬女士的信中这样说：“我是为国家的事出来的，吃点苦不要紧。
我屡次对你说过：‘留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
’国家是青山，青山倒了，我们的子子孙孙都得做奴隶。
”，我想这话已经充分诠释了胡适关于国家与自由的关系。
在对这段经历的回顾中，有一段话我以为今时今日之官员们该是羞愧汗颜的：“本人在美任大使数年，赴美各地演讲400多次，从未带过随员，自己提皮包。
如此而作，实系为战时国家节省外汇。
”，在两个月没有领到薪俸的时候说：“我过的日子总算顶舒服的了。
比起打仗的兵士，比起逃难的人民，比起天天受飞机炸弹的惊恐的人民，我这里总可算是天堂了。
”为学与为官，不管身份的差异存在多大的不同，在人格上胡适却让他们统一了起来。
梁实秋在纪念他的文章中写道：“大使有一笔特支费，是不需报销的。
胡先生从未动用过一文，原封交还国库。
他说，旅行演讲有出差交通费可领，站在台上说话不需要钱，特支何为
”这样坦荡的人格，做官与做学问，又有什么可以指摘的
如若为学只是误人子弟，为官只是为祸一方，那么官也好，学也罢，终究是要被唾弃的。
在自由面前，胡适是真正做到了平等，他不因与自己的政治主张不同，就失去做人的基本原则，他摈弃这些存在的不同，而对于所谓的异己大加提拔和帮助。
这样的自由才是自由之精髓，才是自由之灵魂。
只虚有其表的自由，实则是另一种意义上的专制，是对自由的践踏。
在党派之中打转的人，是不会从桎梏中挣脱出来，获取真正的自由的。
只有超越了党派的隔阂，在坚持自己信仰和主张的同时，尊重别人的信仰和主张，并努力捍卫别人的自由，这样的人才是把自由实践的人，才是在自由的隧道中自由穿梭的人。
胡适对于这些有一段相当精辟的文字：“思想切不可变成宗教，变成了宗教，就不会虚而能受了，就不思想了。
我宁可保持我无力的思想，决不肯换取任何有力而不思想的宗教。
”党派也好，宗教也罢，都是为了使得人的思想高度统一，保持一致，不容许有不同声音出现，于是自由成为了相当奢侈的华丽外衣，可以披着这样自由的外衣为自己的党派或者宗教争取到党徒和追随者，党外之人，便成为了异己，于是自由失去。
无论是沈从文，还是罗尔刚，这些没有学历的人是得到了胡适充分肯定的人，他从来不因为形式上的限制而忽略人本身具备的真才实学，因此他能在任何时候都提拔这样有才华的人，让他们不因自己的学历而失去展示自己才华的机会，给予他人以真的自由，是胡适对于自由的实践。
困守在一种陈规陋习中，自由失去，发展无从谈起，因此，胡适总是能打破旧有的规范，从《文学改良刍议》开始，他就一直在破除坚冰的道路上艰难行走，从未曾动摇。
最能体现一个人对待自由精神的就是如何对待那些所谓的异己态度。
在对待如鲁迅，陈独秀或者其他一些人，胡适向来是能帮则帮，而且从来是仗义执言，不因与自己对敌就落井下石，反而是仁厚待人，努力为对方的困境伸出援助之手。
如历次对陈独秀的拯救，劝苏雪林放弃对鲁迅的攻击，并为鲁迅抄袭罪名进行洗清等，这不仅仅是一个人品格的高贵，而是对于自由之信仰，之追求，之坚决捍卫。
在对待反对者的态度上，有一个事例很让人感动，林琴南是反对新文化运动的急先锋，为了阻止新文化运动曾妄图借助北洋军阀的力量来铲除新文化运动的骨干，因此有人作小说以影射林琴南，攻击他，编辑把小说转给胡适时，胡适的话就算是今天说来给人听，也是让很多人惭愧的，所谓君子坦荡荡，恐怕也就如此吧：林琴南并不曾有在路上拾起红鞋的事。
我们可以不赞成林先生的思想，但不当污蔑他的人格。
这也就是为什么陈独秀与他在思想上分歧，但始终是挚交的原由吧，也曾假想，当鲁迅在天国听见胡适对于他的维护并做的评价，该是怎样的心潮
当然，在鲁迅生前，除了观点的交锋，胡适几乎未对鲁迅人格有过微词，也并无恶言相向，始终保持着君子的风范。
有人说胡适之49年的哀号，是为了蒋介石政府的倒台而伤，实则是把一种政治观念上的肮脏俗套强行的加在了他的脖子上。
他所哀伤的是他一贯提倡的自由不能实现，循序改良的主张中断。
这最多是他对于新政府没有抱希望，但绝对不能算做蒋介石的忠实走狗，这是有质的区别的。
有这样悲观的情绪并不难理解，曾经有一段时间，无论胡适还是鲁迅都把苏俄看作是中国未来之走向，而后又深深失望，因为一个专权的政府是和他们的独立自由民主之主张是尖锐抵触的，毫不相容的，因此胡适也好，鲁迅也罢都很快放弃了这一梦想，而重新回到各自的理想上去。
因此坚持苏俄路线的中国共产党的政府得不到胡适的青睐也是自然的，而且从后来发生的历史事件来看，我以为胡适之去美国，鲁迅之早逝，未尝不是一种幸运。
最少在某种程度来说，我们没有看见他们如一些人一样出现人格的被侮辱和人格的分裂，保持了他们的人格独立完整和尊严，这该是中国近现代文化史上最值得欣慰的事。
抛开政治不谈，胡适的清醒不仅仅体现了其人格的高贵，更主要的是，他始终不曾放弃自由的追求和信念。
在上个世纪国内对胡适的清算中，胡适的态度再次让人钦佩：“儿女们被逼着控诉父母，家庭没有温暖与私人生活。
个人的尊严与价值，已被剥夺净尽。
没有任何基本人权，甚至没有不说话的自由。
”说的自由被剥夺已经很可悲了，连不说的自由也被剥夺，该是怎样扭曲的一个社会。
在自己的思想被肆意歪曲和篡改的时候，在自己的思想得不到公正对待的时候，让我们再次领略了一种大家风范，这些光有宽容与理解是不够的，更多的是人性的悲悯，一种深入骨髓的自由信念的支撑和散发。
从纯粹自由精神的角度说，鲁迅的一个都不放过和胡适的谁都放过，都是社会需要的，我们无须选择，批判与宽容在自由中得以释放和融合。
中国向来不缺乏热血，亢奋与激进的人，但是惟独缺乏冷静思考的人，中国人的血是热的，总在沸腾着，中国人的火是一点即着而且燎原之势不可收，但是在理性思维上始终欠缺着，泼冷水的人一向是被列入另册的，妄想翻身何其难哉。
胡适曾经抛出的自由主义之旗，被国民党和共产党无情践踏于脚底，但正如所说的，二十一世纪给胡适平反。
那么这面沉在水底的自由之旗终将浮出水面，飘扬起来
英语演讲稿
I was convinced that the only thing I wanted to do, ever, was to write novels. However, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that could never pay a mortgage, or secure a pension.当时，我只想去写小说。
但是，我的父母出身贫寒，没有受过大学教育。
他们认为，我那些不安分的想象力只是一种怪癖，根本不能用来还房贷，或者挣来养老金。
They had hoped that I would take a vocational degree; I wanted to study English Literature. A compromise was reached that in retrospect satisfied nobody, and I went up to study Modern Languages. Hardly had my parents’ car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched German and scuttled off down the Classics corridor.他们希望我再去读个专业学位，而我想去攻读英国文学。
最后，达成了一个双方都不甚满意的妥协：我改学外语。
可是等到父母一走开，我立刻报名学习古典文学。
I cannot remember telling my parents that I was studying Classics; they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day. Of all subjects on this planet, I think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than Greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive bathroom.我不记得将这事告诉了父母。
他们可能是在毕业典礼那一天才发现的。
我想，在全世界的所有专业中，他们也许认为，不会有比研究希腊神话更没用的专业了，根本无法换来一间独立的宽敞卫生间。
I would like to make it clear, in parenthesis, that I do not blame my parents for their point of view. ... I cannot criticise my parents for hoping that I would never experience poverty. They had been poor themselves, and I have since been poor, and I quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling experience. Poverty entails fear, and stress, and sometimes depression; it means a thousand petty humiliations and hardships. Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that is indeed something on which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticised only by fools. 我要申明，我并不责怪父母。
……他们只是希望我不要过穷日子，我不能批评他们。
他们自己很穷，我后来一度也很穷，所以我很理解他们，贫穷是一种悲惨的经历。
它带来恐惧、压力、有时还有抑郁。
它意味着许许多多的羞辱和艰辛。
靠自己的努力摆脱贫穷，确实让人自豪，但是只有傻瓜才会将贫穷本身浪漫化。
接着，她谈到了自己那些最悲惨的日子：A mere seven years after my graduation day, I had failed on an epic scale. 我毕业后只过了7年，就失败得一塌糊涂。
An exceptionally short-lived marriage had imploded, and I was jobless, a lone parent, and as poor as it is possible to be in modern Britain, without being homeless. The fears my parents had had for me, and that I had had for myself, had both come to pass, and by every usual standard, I was the biggest failure I knew. 短命的婚姻闪电般地破裂，我还失业了，成了一个艰难的单身母亲。
除了流浪汉，我是当代英国最穷的人之一，真的一无所有。
我父母对我的担忧，我对自己的担忧，都变成了现实。
用平常人的标准，我是我所知道的最失败的人。
That period of my life was a dark one. I had no idea how far the tunnel extended, and for a long time, any light at the end of it was a hope rather than a reality.那段日子是我生命中的黑暗岁月。
我不知道还要在黑暗中走多久，很长一段时间中，我有的只是希望，而不是现实。
但是，J.K. 罗琳认为，没有那段日子的失败，就不会有后来的她。
So why do I talk about the benefits of failure? Simply because failure meant a stripping away of the inessential. I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. 为什么我说失败是有好处的
因为失败将那些非本质的东西都剥离了。
我不再伪装自己，我找到了真正的我，我将自己所有的精力，投入完成对我最重要的唯一一项工作。
Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena I believed I truly belonged. 要是我以前在其他地方成功了，那么我也许永远不会有这样的决心，投身于这个我自信真正属于我的领域。
I was set free, because my greatest fear had already been realised, and I was still alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big idea. And so rock bottom became the solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life.我自由了，因为我最大的恐惧已经成为现实，而我却还依然活着，依然有一个深爱着的女儿，我还有一台旧打字机和一个大大的梦想。
我生命中最低的低点，成为我重建生活的坚实基础。
Failure gave me an inner security that I had never attained by passing examinations. Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way. I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had suspected; I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above rubies. 失败使我的内心产生一种安全感，以前通过考试也没有的安全感。
失败让我看清自己，以前我从没认识到自己是这样的。
我发现，我比自己以为的，有更强的意志和决心。
我还发现，我有一些比宝石更珍贵的朋友。
You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity. Such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more to me than any qualification I ever earned.只有到逆境来临的那一天，你才会真正了解你自己，了解你结识的人。
这种了解是真正的财富，虽然是用痛苦换来的，但是它比我以前得到的任何证书都有用。
在演说的下半部分，她还谈了毕业后在大*赦*国*际（Amnesty International）伦敦总部的第一份工作。
这部分内容也很精彩，不过我就不翻译了，大家可以去看原文。
三、我要重点谈的，是演说的结尾部分。
一般来说，在演讲结束时，嘉宾将对毕业生提出期望。
我们可以看到，在这种场合，几乎所有嘉宾，都没有说“祝愿同学们取得个人成功”，而是说“希望同学们努力去减轻人类的苦难”。
比尔·盖茨去年说：Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevalence of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of school … the children who die from diseases we can cure?哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等
哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童……死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's least privileged?那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们，有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.这些问题并非语言上的修辞。
你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in talent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world has a right to expect from us.想一想吧，我们在这个院子里的这些人，被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可以这样说，全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力，期待我们做出贡献。
J.K.罗琳今年说：the fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you are not very well-acquainted with failure. You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success. Indeed, your conception of failure might not be too far from the average person’s idea of success, so high have you already flown academically.你们是哈佛毕业生的这个事实，说明你们并不很了解失败。
你们也许极其渴望成功，所以非常害怕失败。
说实话，你们眼中的失败，很可能就是普通人眼中的成功，毕竟你们在学业上已经很成功了。
But how much more are you, Harvard graduates of 2008, likely to touch other people’s lives? Your intelligence, your capacity for hard work, the education you have earned and received, give you unique status, and unique responsibilities.…… That is your privilege, and your burden.但是，所有各位哈佛大学2008届毕业生，你们对其他人的生活了解多少
你们的智慧、你们的能力、你们所受的教育，给了你们独一无二的优势，也给了你们独一无二的责任。
……你们的优势就是你们的责任。
If you choose to use your status and influence to raise your voice on behalf of those who have no voice; if you choose to identify not only with the powerful, but with the powerless; if you retain the ability to imagine yourself into the lives of those who do not have your advantages, then it will not only be your proud families who celebrate your existence, but thousands and millions of people whose reality you have helped transform for the better. 你们要用自己的地位和影响，为那些被忽略的人们说话；你们不仅要看到那些有权有势者，也要看到那些无权无势者；你们要学会设想，那些条件不如你们的人们是如何生活的；那样的话，不仅你们的亲人们将为你们感到自豪，而且千千万万的人们将因为你们的帮助而生活得更好。
We do not need magic to change the world, we carry all the power we need inside ourselves already: we have the power to imagine better.我们不需要改变世界的魔法，我们自己的体内就有这样的力量：那就是我们一直在梦想，让这个世界变得更美好。
谁有英语演讲稿（最好有励志小故事的还要有中文)谢谢
I say to you today,my friends. And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow,I still have a dream.It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia,the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi,a state sweltering with the heat of injustice,sweltering with the heat of oppression,will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day,down in Alabama,with its vicious racists,with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted,and every hill and mountain shall be made low,the rough places will be made plain,and the crooked places will be made straight; and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope,and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.With this faith,we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.With this faith,we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.With this faith,we will be able to work together,to pray together,to struggle together,to go to jail together,to stand up for freedom together,knowing that we will be free one day.今天,我对你们说,我的朋友们,尽管此时的困难与挫折,我们仍然有个梦,这是深深扎根于美国梦中的梦.我有一个梦：有一天,这个国家将站起来,并实现它的信条的真正含义：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的,即所有的人都生来平等.”我有一个梦：有一天,在乔治亚州的红色山丘上,从前奴隶的子孙们和从前奴隶主的子孙们将能像兄弟般地坐在同一桌旁.我有一个梦：有一天,甚至密西西比州,一个有着不公正和压迫的热浪袭人的荒漠之州,将改造成自由和公正的绿洲.我有一个梦：我的4个小孩将有一天生活在一个国度里,在那里,人们不是从他们的肤色,而是从他们的品格来评价他们.今天我有一个梦想：我有一个梦：有一天,阿拉巴马州将变成这样一个地方,那里黑人小男孩、小女孩可以和白人小男孩、小女孩,像兄弟姐妹一样手牵手并肩而行.今天我有一个梦想.我有一个梦：有一天,每一个峡谷将升高,每一座山丘和高峰被削低,崎岖粗糙的地方改造成平原,弯弯曲曲的地方变得笔直,上帝的荣耀得以展露,全人类都将举目共睹.这是我们的希望,这是信念,带着这个信念我回到南方,怀着这个信念我们将能从绝望之山中开采出一块希望之石.怀着这个信念,我们将能把我们国家的刺耳的不和音,转变成一曲优美动听的兄弟情谊交响曲.怀着这个信念,我们将能工作在一起,祈祷在一起,奋斗在一起,一起赴监狱,一起为自由而挺住.因为我们知道,有一天我们将获自由.
