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有关美国和英国的差异演讲稿

时间:2014-06-30 01:59

中西方文化差异的演讲稿

语言蕴涵着文化。

语言是文化的镜子,它在一定程度上反映出该民族的历史、地理、政治、经济及风俗习惯等文化侧面。

如果不了解外国人的生活方式,对中西方文化差异给予足够的重视,跨文化交际就无法顺利进行下去。

不同的文化孕育了不同的价值观、道德观,形成了鲜明差异的社会关系、民情风俗。

西方文化主张个人荣誉、自我中心、创新精神和个性自由,而中国文化是群体文化,主张谦虚谨慎、关心他人、助人为乐、无私奉献、中庸之道和团结协作;西方人平等意识较强、家庭结构简单,由父母以及未成年子女组成核心家庭;而中国人等级观念较强,家庭结构较复杂,传统的幸福家庭多为三代同堂或四代同堂等。

在跨文化交际中,由于文化障碍而导致的信息误解,甚至伤害对方的现象屡见不鲜。

有时善意的言谈会使对方尴尬无比,礼貌的举止会被误解为荒诞粗俗。

在中国,对别人的健康状况表示关心是有教养、有礼貌的表现。

但对西方人的健康表示关心,就不能按中国的传统方式了。

一个中国学生得知其美籍教师生病后,会关切地说“You should go to see a doctor

(你应该到医院看看)”。

不料,这句体贴的话反而使这位教师很不高兴。

因为在这位教师看来,有病看医生这种简单的事情连小孩都知道,用不着任何人来指教。

如果就某种小事给人以忠告,那显然是对其能力的怀疑,从而大大伤害其自尊心。

中国人在饭桌上的热情好客经常被西方人误解为不文明的行为。

因西方人认为:客人吃多吃少完全由自己决定,用不着主人为他加菜添酒;而且饮食过量是极不体面的事情,因此客人吃饭后,主人不必劝他再吃。

一位美国客人看到中国主人不断地给他挟菜,很不安,事后他抱怨说“主人把我当猪一样看待”。

中国人路遇熟人时,往往会无所顾忌地说:“啊呀,老兄,你近来又发福了

”或者以关切的口吻说: “老兄,你又瘦了, 要注意身体啊

” 而西方人若听你说“You are fat.”或“You are thin.”,即使比较熟悉,也会感到尴尬和难以作答。

从以上例子不难看出:文化障碍的确会影响跨文化交际。

西方文化在许多方面与中国文化存在着很大的差异。

一、价值观与道德标准的差异1、个人荣誉感与谦虚谨慎西方人崇拜个人奋斗,尤其为个人取得的成就自豪,从来不掩饰自己的自信心、荣誉感以及在获得成就后的狂喜。

相反,中国文化不主张炫耀个人荣誉,而是提倡谦虚。

中国人反对王婆卖瓜式的自吹自擂,然而中国式的自我谦虚或自我否定却常常使西方人大为不满。

“这是应该的”、“我自己没做什么,都是大家的功劳”或“不行,不行

差远啦”等中国式的谦虚,在西方人看来,不仅否定了自己,还否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力。

这种中国式的谦虚在资本主义的竞争市场是行不通的。

2、自我中心与无私奉献西方人自我中心意识和独立意识很强, 主要表现在:(1)自己为自己负责。

在弱肉强食的社会,每个人生存方式及生存质量都取决于自己的能力。

因此,每个人都必须自我奋斗,把个人利益放在第一位。

(2)不习惯关心他人,帮助他人,不过问他人的事情。

(3)正由于以上两点,主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方常常是令人难堪的事。

因为接受帮助只能证明自己无能,而主动帮助别人会被认为是干涉别人私事。

中国人的行为准则是“我对他人,对社会是否有用”,个人的价值是在奉献中体现出来的。

中国文化推崇一种高尚的情操———无私奉献。

在中国,主动关心他人,给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德,因此,中国人不论别人的大事小事,家事私事都愿主动关心,而这在西方会被视为“多管闲事”。

3、创新精神与中庸之道西方文化鼓励人民开拓创新,做一番前人未做过的、杰出超凡的事业。

而传统的中国文化则要求人们不偏不倚,走中庸之道,中国人不善于预见未来的危险性,保持和谐。

4、个性自由与团结协作西方人十分珍视个人自由,喜欢随心所欲,独往独行,不愿受限制。

中国文化则更多地强调集体主义,主张个人利益服从集体利益,主张同甘共苦,团结合作,步调一致。

二、社会关系的差别1、平等意识与等级观念西方人平等意识较强,无论贫富,人人都会尊重自己,不允许别人侵犯自己的权利。

同时人人都能充分地尊重他人。

在美国,很少人以自己显赫的家庭背景为荣,也很少人以自己贫寒出身为耻,因他们都知道,只要自己努力一定能取得成功的。

正如美国一句流行的谚语所言: “只要努力,牛仔也能当总统。

”新中国虽已建立近五十年,但传统的君臣、父子等级观念在中国人的头脑中仍根深蒂固。

父亲在儿子的眼中、教师在学生的眼中有着绝对的权威,家庭背景在人的成长中仍起着相当重要的作用。

中国人重视传统的观念,论资排辈,等级森严。

而在英美国家,论辈简单含混,界限不清。

中国人对比自己年长的人根据不同的身份和地位分别给予不同的称号。

西方国家没有这个习惯。

2、核心家庭与几代同堂美国式的家庭结构比较简单:父母以及未成年孩子,称之为核心家庭。

子女一旦结婚,就得搬出去住,经济上也必须独立,父母没有义务资助子女。

这种作法给年青人提供最大限度的自由,并培养其独立生活的能力,但同时也疏远了亲属之间的关系。

中国式的家庭结构比较复杂,传统的幸福家庭是三代同堂或四代同堂。

在这样的家庭中,老人帮助照看小孩,儿孙们长大后赡养老人,家庭成员之间互相依赖,互相帮助,密切了亲情关系。

然而,这种生活方式不利于培养年青人的独立能力。

三、社会礼仪的差异对中国人来讲询问对方的姓名、年龄,婚姻状况、工资收入、家庭生活等个人问题均被视为对对方的关心,是亲近的表示。

而西方人很讨厌别人问及年龄与收入等个人私事,认为触犯了个人的隐私权。

中国人路遇熟人总爱寒暄道:“吃饭了吗

”、“到哪儿去

”、“上班呀

”等。

在我们看来这是一种有礼貌的打招呼用语,可在西方文化里这不是属于问候语,而是实质性的问题。

他们会认为你想请他吃饭或者干涉其私事,会引起误解。

西方人见面,通常招呼道: “Hello

”、“how do you do!”、“Nice day, isn’t it

”对于别人的赞扬,中国人通常表示谦虚,并有一套谦虚之词,象“惭愧”、“哪里”、“寒舍”、“拙文”等。

而西方人总是高兴地回答“thank you”以表接受。

中国人用“谢谢”的场合较西方人少,尤其是非常亲近的朋友和家庭成员之间不常说“谢谢。

”而西方人整天把“thank you”挂在嘴边,即使是亲朋好友和家庭成员之间也常如此。

中国人收到礼物时往往放在一边,看也不看(生怕人家说贪心)。

而西方人收到礼物时要当着客人的面马上打开并连声称好。

中国人殷勤好客,一杯杯地斟酒,一遍遍地上菜,客人不吃不行,不喝也不行,使西方人觉得难以对付。

而西方人的习惯是:Help yourself, please!,吃多少喝多少完全由自己决定,强行劝吃劝喝被视为不礼貌。

中国人送客人时,主人与客人常说:“慢走

”、“小心点

”、“再见, 走好啊

”、“你们进去吧

”、“请留步”等。

而西方人只说: “Bye Bye

”、“ See you later

”、“See you next time

”、“Goodnight

”在中国,翘起二郎腿面向客人坐着是大为不敬的,可这种坐姿在英国却被认为能消除紧张情绪,缓和关系,活跃气氛。

四、社会习俗的差异1、对女性的态度美国妇女和中国妇女的地位都不高,但美国妇女却有幸能享受许多传统的骑士习俗,尊重妇女的礼节在美国社会随处可见:男士为女士开门;扶女士下车;在马路上,男士走外侧,女士走内侧,以给女士提供保护;女士进餐厅时,所有的男士都要起立;餐桌前,男士要为女士拉开椅子,待女士站好了位置再把椅子送回女士的身后,请她就坐。

中国社会对女性的照顾和礼节比较而言似乎要少一些。

2、对婚姻的态度西方人的婚姻观与中国人的婚姻观有着极大的不同。

因为他们认为:婚姻纯属个人私事,任何人不能干涉;同时婚姻不属于道德问题。

一个人有权选择和他A 她最喜欢的人生活在一起,一旦发现现有的婚姻是一个错误,他A 她有权作第二次选择。

如果夫妇一方爱上了第三者,任何一方都不会受谴责。

在他们看来:强迫两个不相爱的人生活在一起是残忍的。

中国人的婚姻相对来说比较稳定。

这是因为中国人把婚姻当作人生的头等大事,每个人都谨慎对待,认真选择,一旦决定了,就不会轻易改变。

而且中国人一向把婚姻当作一个严肃的道德问题,喜新厌旧,或是第三者插足都被认为是极不道德的。

3、民情风俗中国人咏菊颂龙,西方人常常觉得不可思议。

意大利人认为菊花是丧事之花,是不吉利的。

美国人认为龙是邪恶的动物。

中国人指自己时往往用食指指自己的鼻子,而西方人认为这个手势有点滑稽可笑。

表示“无可奈何”、“无可奉告”时耸耸肩,摊开双手这个动作,在中国是见所未见。

然而两个同性手拉手同行或者两个同性一起跳舞在中国却是司空见惯,习以为常,可在西方则会被人看作“同性恋”。

了解中西方文化差异对于提高跨文化交际能力有着极其重要的意义,它能帮助我们正确理解西方人的言行,在交际过程中,充分了解对方,尊重对方的习俗,以取得最佳的交际效果。

如满意,请采纳。

参考百度

美国励志人物大学演讲稿中英文对照版,有哪些

Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graduates,  尊敬的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位朋友,以及最重要的各位毕业生同学,  Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you.  感谢你们,让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。

  I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers. Last year, J.K. Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium. The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not a billionaire, but at least I am a nerd.  我不太肯定,自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。

去年登上这个讲台的是,英国亿万身家的小说家J.K. Rowling女士,她最早是一个古典文学的学生。

前年站在这里的是比尔•盖茨先生,他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑高手。

今年很遗憾,你们的演讲人是我,虽然我不是很有钱,但是至少我也算一个高手。

  I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine. You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family. My older brother has an M.D.\\\/Ph.D. from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard. When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased. Not so. When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next. Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied.  我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位,这对我很重要,也许比你们会想到的还要重要。

要知道,在学术上,我是我们家的不肖之子。

我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士,在哈佛大学得到哲学博士;我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。

我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候,我想我的妈妈会高兴。

但是,我错了。

消息公布的那天早上,我给她打电话,她听了只说:这是好消息,不过我想知道,你下次什么时候来看我

如今在我们兄弟当中,我最终也拿到了哈佛学位,我想这一次,她会感到满意。

  Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches. I ask that you forgive me for two reasons.  在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲,还有一个难处,那就是你们中有些人可能有意见,不喜欢我重复前人演讲中说过的话。

我要求你们谅解我,因为两个理由。

  First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once. In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery.  首先,为了产生影响力,很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。

在科学中,第一个发现者是重要的,但是在得到公认前,最后一个将这个发现重复做出来的人也许更重要。

  Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients. Picasso declared Good artists borrow. Great artists steal. Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard?  其次,一个借鉴他人的作者,正走在一条前人开辟的最佳道路上。

哈佛大学毕业生、诗人爱默生曾经写下:古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。

画家毕加索宣称优秀的艺术家借鉴,伟大的艺术家偷窃。

那么为什么毕业典礼的演说者,就不适用同样的标准呢

  I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply. I am married to Dean Jean, the former dean of admissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance. When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word rejected. She never rejected applicants; her letters stated that we are unable to offer you admission. I have difficulty understanding the difference. After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, deans of rejection. Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing.  我还要指出一点,向哈佛毕业生发表演说,对我来说是有讽刺意味的,因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请,一定会被拒绝。

我的妻子Jean当过斯坦福大学的招生主任,她向我保证,如果当年我申请斯坦福大学,她会拒绝我。

我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目,她强烈反对我使用拒绝这个词,她从来不拒绝任何申请者。

在拒绝信中,她总是写:我们无法提供你入学机会。

我分不清两者到底有何差别。

在我看来,那些大热门学校的招生主任与其称为准许你入学的主任,还不如称为拒绝你入学的主任。

很显然,我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。

  My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself. So, here comes the advice. First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that credit is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.  毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构,我的演讲也不例外。

刚才是第一乐章----轻快的闲谈。

接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。

这样的忠告很少被重视,几乎注定被忘记,永远不会被实践。

但是,就像王尔德说的:对于忠告,你所能做的,就是把它送给别人,因为它对你没有任何用处。

所以,下面就是我的忠告。

第一,取得成就的时候,不要忘记前人。

要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友,要感谢那些启发过你的教授,尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授,因为他们迫使你自学。

从长远看,自学能力是优秀的文理教育中必不可少的,将成为你成功的关键。

你还要去拥抱你的同学,感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈,这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。

当然,你还要感谢哈佛大学。

不过即使你忘了这一点,校友会也会来提醒你。

第二,在你们未来的人生中,做一个慷慨大方的人。

在任何谈判中,都把最后一点点利益留给对方。

不要把桌上的钱都拿走。

在合作中,要牢记荣誉不是一个守恒的量。

成功合作的任何一方,都应获得全部荣誉的90%。

  Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P. Dowd in the movie Harvey got it exactly right. He said: Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be ... she always used to call me Elwood ... in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.' Well, for years I was smart. ... I recommend pleasant. You may quote me on that.  电影《Harvey》中,Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P. Dowd,就完全理解这一点。

他说:多年前,母亲曾经对我说,'Elwood,活在这个世界上,你要么做一个聪明人,要么做一个好人。

'我做聪明人,已经做了好多年了。

......但是,我推荐你们做好人。

你们可以引用我这句话。

  My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion. If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one. Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something. When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist. After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs. During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.  我的第三个忠告是,当你开始生活的新阶段时,请跟随你的爱好。

如果你没有爱好,就去找,找不到就不罢休。

生命太短暂,如果想有所成,你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。

我在你们这个年龄,是超级的一根筋,我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。

本科毕业后,我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了8年,读完了研究生,做完了博士后,然后去贝尔实验室待了9年。

在这些年中,我关注的中心和职业上的全部乐趣,都来自物理学。

  Here is my final piece of advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.  我还有最后一个忠告,就是说兴趣爱好固然重要,但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。

当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时,你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。

你的物质生活和得到的承认,都不会产生自豪。

只有那些你出手相助、被你改变过的人和事,才会让你产生自豪。

  After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the real world, a university. Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was practically perfect in every way, but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles. I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children.  在贝尔实验室待了9年后,我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔,走进我眼中的真实世界----大学。

我对贝尔实验室的看法,就像别人形容电影Mary Poppins的话,实际上完美无缺。

但是,我想为世界留下更多的东西,不只是科学论文。

我要去教书,培育我自己在科学上的后代。

  Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best:  我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。

他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室,几年前又离开贝尔实验室去了斯坦福大学。

他对我们的动机做出了最佳描述:  The best part of working at a university is the students. They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life. They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer. If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time. They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own. Then, I begin learning from them.  在大学工作,最大的优点就是学生。

他们生机勃勃,充满热情,思想自由,还没被生活的重压改变。

虽然他们自己没有意识到,但是他们是这个社会中你能找到的最佳受众。

如果生命中曾经有过思想自由和充满创造力的时期,那么那个时期就是你在读大学。

进校时,学生们对课本上的一字一句毫不怀疑,渐渐地,他们发现课本和教授并不是无所不知的,于是他们开始独立思考。

从那时起,就是我开始向他们学习了。

  My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary. Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard. I have learned much from them. Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace.  我教过的学生、带过的博士后、合作过的年轻同事,都非常优秀。

他们中有30多人,现在已经是教授了。

他们所在的研究机构有不少是全世界第一流的,其中就包括哈佛大学。

我从他们身上学到了很多东西。

即使现在,我偶尔还会周末上网,向现在还从事生物物理学研究的学生请教。

  I began teaching with the idea of giving back; I received more than I gave. This brings me to the final movement of this speech. It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses. It's a call to arms and about making a difference.  我怀着回报社会的想法,开始了教学生涯。

我的一生中,得到的多于我付出的,所以我要回报社会。

这就引出了这次演讲的最后一个乐章。

首先我要讲一个了不起的科学发现,以及由此带来的新挑战。

它是一个战斗的号令,到了做出改变的时候了。

求一篇关于美国名人的英语演讲稿,急

名人英语演讲稿TributetoDiana致戴安娜——查尔斯·斯宾塞Dianawastheveryessenceofcompassion,ofduty,ofstyle,ofbeauty.Allovertheworldshewasasymbolofselflesshumanity.Allovertheworld,astandardbearerfortherightofthetrulydowntrodden,averyBritishgirlwhotranscendnationality,someonewithanaturalnobilitywhowasclassless.在全世界,戴安娜是同情心、责任心、风度和美丽的化身,是无私和人道的象征,是维护真正被践踏的权益的旗手,是一个超越国界的英国女孩,是一个带有自然的高贵气质的人,是一个不分阶层的人。

ThisisthetextofEarlSpencer'stributetohissisteratherfuneral.Thereissomeverydeep,powerfulandheartfeltsentiment.Wouldthatthoseatwhomitisaimedwouldtakeheed.Theversionspostedonseveralnewsserviceshadminorerrors.Thisispreciselyasitwasdeliverd.Istandbeforeyoutodaytherepresentativeofafamilyingrief,inacountryinmourningbeforeaworldinshock.WeareallunitednotonlyinourdesiretopayourrespectstoDianabutratherinourneedtodoso.Forsuchwasherextraordinaryappealthatthetensofmillionsofpeopletakingpartinthisserviceallovertheworldviatelevisionandradiowhoneverac

一篇有关美国民权运动历史的英文演讲稿,急

美利坚合众国(英语:United States of America),简称美国,旧称花旗国,是由50个州和一个联邦地区组成的联邦立宪制共和国。

美国本土位于北美洲中部,东濒大西洋,西滨太平洋,北靠加拿大,南接墨西哥及墨西哥湾;首都华盛顿哥伦比亚特区与除夏威夷州和阿拉斯加州之外的48个州都位于美国本土。

阿拉斯加州位于北美大陆西北方,东接加拿大,西隔白令海峡与俄罗斯隔海相望。

夏威夷州则是太平洋中部的群岛。

此外,美国在加勒比海和太平洋还拥有多处领土和岛屿地区。

美国源自于1776年脱离英国统治的北美殖民地,13州的殖民地代表一同发表了《美国独立宣言》,在经历艰苦的独立战争后,于1783年与英国签订了《巴黎条约》,从此受到世界各国的承认。

经过两百多年的发展,美国国土不断拓展,37个州陆续加入联邦旗下。

目前有50个州,1个联邦直辖特区,以及若干境外领土。

国土面积超过962万平方公里,国土面积位居世界第三或第四名(领土排名争议参见地理一节)。

美国人口约3亿人,其数量为世界第三,民族多元,以白人为主,有大量移民人口。

美国国旗上的50颗白色星星代表50个州;每当有新州加入联邦时,美国国旗会在次年的独立日(7月4日)时增加一颗星。

[2]国旗上红色及白色横条各为7条及6条,总计13条,纪念最初独立的13个州。

[3]建国200多年以来,美国曾经历过南北战争(1861-1865年)和大萧条(1930年代)两次严酷考验,[4]仍坚守自由民主制政治制度,成为宪法民主和公民自由的代表性国家。

美国庞大的经济、文化、科技和军事影响力贯穿了整个20世纪。

在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中,美国和其他同盟国一同获得胜利,并经历数十年的冷战后,终于拖垮苏联,成为现今世界上唯一的超级大国[5]。

当今美国在全世界的经济发展、政治实力、科技创新、军事技术力量等众多领域的庞大影响力都是无他国能比拟的。

The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with about 308 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest both by land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[7] The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product (GDP) of US $14.4 trillion (a quarter of nominal global GDP and a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity).[4][8]Indigenous peoples, probably of Asian origin, have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reduced by disease and warfare after European contact. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence.[9] The Philadelphia Convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, the national economy was the world's largest.[10] The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for two-fifths of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.

求一篇英文的关于麦当劳的演讲稿,内容主要包括起源,发展及对美国人的影响,1000字左右

McDonald's In 1955, a man named Raymond Kroc entered a partnership with two brothers named McDonald. They opened a popular restaurant in Califor-nia which sold food that was easy toprepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries and cold drinks were the main food there.Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name,McDonald's, and they were an instant success. He later took over the company, and today it is one of the most famous and successful fast-food restaurants in America and the world. Why was his idea so successful? Probably the most important reason was that his timing was right. In the ]950s,most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. In the 1960s, many women returned to the work place. This meant that they had less time and energy for housework and preparation of meals, so they depended more on TV dinners and fast-food restaurants. Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth. Fast-food is not part of all Americans lives. Another trend of the 1960s, sometimes called the back-to-nature movement,influenced many people to avoid food that was packaged and processed. This preference for natural food continues to this day. From the success of Raymond Kroc's fast-food business,we can say that social and economic trends influence where and what we eat. 麦当劳 1955年,一位名为雷蒙德·克劳克的人与两位名为麦当劳的兄弟合伙,在加州开了一家颇受欢迎的小餐馆,销售制作方便服务快捷的食物。

那里的主打食品是汉堡、炸薯条和冷饮。

克劳克用同样的名字—一麦当劳开了几家类似的餐厅,迅速获得了成功。

后来他接管了这个公司,今天它成为美国和世界最有名、最成功的“快餐”厅之一。

他的想法为什么会如此成功呢?也许最重要的原因是因为他时机正好。

20世纪50年代,大多数已婚妇女呆在家里做家务、照顾孩子。

而在60年代,许多妇女回去工作。

这就意味着她们做家务、准备食物的时间、精力减少了,因此她们更多地依赖于“电视晚餐”和快餐店。

单亲家庭中父母也很少有时间花在厨房里。

独自居住的人也依赖于这种食物,因为一个人做饭经常太麻烦,不值当费那功夫。

快餐并不是所有美国人生活的一部分。

20世纪60年代还有另一种有时被成为“返璞归真”运动的趋势,影响了很多人,他们避免食用经过包装和加工的食物。

这种对天然食物的青睐一直持续到今天。

从雷蒙德·克劳克快餐生意的成功中,我们可以说社会和经济趋势会影响我们就餐的地点和食物的选择。

谁有简介美国的演讲稿

真急

The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific.At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with about 305 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product (GDP) of US$14.3 trillion (23% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 21% at purchasing power parity).The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, the national economy was the world's largest. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The end of the Cold War left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.美利坚合众国(通常被称为美国,在美国,在美国,或美国)是一个由五十个州和一个联邦区的联邦宪法共和国。

该国大部分位于北美洲中部,其连续四十八个州和首都华盛顿特区,区,太平洋和大西洋之间的谎言,加拿大北部和墨西哥南部接壤。

阿拉斯加的状态是在大陆的西北部,与加拿大的东部和俄罗斯横跨白令海峡以西。

夏威夷州是在中太平洋群岛。

该国还拥有多个地区,或岛屿地区,加勒比和太平洋周围散落。

在379万平方英里(9.83万美元平方公里),约305万人,美国是第三或第四大国,总面积和最大的土地面积和人口的三分之一。

美国是世界上种族最多样化和多文化的国家之一,从许多国家的大规模移民的产品。

美国经济是世界上最大的国民经济,估计2008年的总国内生产总值(GDP)美元的14.3万亿美元(按购买力平价计算的名义国内生产总值和近21%的世界总量的23%)。

国家成立由位于大西洋海岸沿线的13个大不列颠殖民地。

1776年7月4日,他们发表“独立宣言”,宣布从大不列颠及他们形成合作联盟的独立性。

反叛的状态击败大不列颠在美国革命战争,第一次成功的殖民地的独立战争。

一位联邦大会通过了关于1787年9月17日,目前美国宪法,其批准,次年,美国与一个强大的中央政府的单一共和国的一部分。

由十个宪法修正案,许多基本的公民权利和自由的保障,人权法案,在1791年被批准。

美国在19世纪,从法国,西班牙,英国,墨西哥,俄罗斯和收购土地,并吞并了得克萨斯州和夏威夷共和国共和国。

南方和北方工业土地超过国家的权利和奴隶制度的扩张之间的纠纷引起了19世纪60年代的美国内战。

北方的胜利,阻止了该国的永久分裂,导致在美国法律上的奴隶制结束。

由19世纪70年代,国家的经济是世界上最大的。

美西战争和第一次世界大战证实国家作为一个军事大国的地位。

1945年,美国从第二次世界大战涌现出的第一个国家拥有核武器,联合国安理会常任理事国,北约的创始成员。

冷战结束后离开美国作为唯一的超级大国。

该国占全球军费开支约50%,是一家领先的经济,政治和文化在世界的力量。

上面是文章 下面是翻译望采纳

‘我心中的数学家“的故事,500字,演讲稿,比较急,还要脱稿,开学就要演讲了

1930 年的一天,清华大学数学系主任熊庆来,坐在办公室里看一本《科学》杂志。

看着看着,不禁拍案叫绝:“这个华罗庚是哪国留学生

”周围的人摇摇头,“他是在哪个大学教书的

”人们面面相觑。

最后还是一位江苏籍的教员想了好一会儿,才慢吞吞地说:“我弟弟有个同乡叫华罗庚,他哪里教过什么大学啊

他只念过初中,听说是在金坛中学当事务员。

”  熊庆来惊奇不已,一个初中毕业的人,能写出这样高深的数学论文,必是奇才。

他当即做出决定,将华罗庚请到清华大学来。

  从此,华罗庚就成为清华大学数学系助理员。

在这里,他如鱼得水,每天都游弋在数学的海洋里,只给自己留下五、六个小时的睡眠时间。

说起来让人很难相信,华罗庚甚至养成了熄灯之后,也能看书的习惯。

他当然没有什么特异功能,只是头脑中一种逻辑思维活动。

他在灯下拿来一本书,看着题目思考一会儿,然后熄灯躺在床上,闭目静思,开始在头脑中做题。

碰到难处,再翻身下床,打开书看一会儿。

就这样,一本需要十天半个月才能看完的书,他一夜两夜就看完了。

华罗庚被人们看成是不寻常的助理员。

  第二年,他的论文开始在国外著名的数学杂志陆续发表。

清华大学破了先例,决定把只有初中学历的华罗庚提升为助教。

  几年之后,华罗庚被保送到英国剑桥大学留学。

可是他不愿读博士学位,只求做个访问学者。

因为做访问学者可以冲破束缚,同时攻读七、八门学科。

他说:“我到英国,是为了求学问,不是为了得学位的。

”  华罗庚没有拿到博士学位。

在剑桥的两年内,他写了 20 篇论文。

论水平,每一篇都可以拿到一个博士学位。

其中一篇关于“塔内问题”的研究,他提出的理论被数学界命名为“华氏定理”。

  华罗庚以一种热爱科学,勤奋学习,不求名利的精神,献身于他所热爱的数学研究事业。

他抛弃了世人所追求的金钱、名利、地位。

最终,他的事业成功了。

  华罗庚把科学研究与实际应用紧密结合起来。

华罗庚把数学应用到工农业生产上,对我国现代化建设做出了突出的贡献。

求一篇关于我们为什么应该学习英语的英语演讲稿,最好带上翻译。

我们为什么学英语(Why We Learn English) English is an important language, because it is the most widely used in the world. It is spoken not only in England, America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand but also in many other countries in the world. It is reported that there're more than 20 countries and 550 million people to speak English is their native language. Though Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world, yet it isn't the most widely used. English is a current language in the world. At international conferences, English is one of the chief working languages. In foreign affairs, international trade and cultural exchange over the world are published in English. Over two thirds of radio stations are broadcast in English. About 85 percent of international letters and business are written in English. So the English language is even more important and useful than any other languages in the world. With the development of out country's economy and culture, we must strengthen coming and going friendly with the people all over the world. We not technology and make out economy develop quickly. This makes it necessary for us to learn English well. If we learn the current language well, we can get much cultural exchange and advanced science and technology from foreign countries. In order to make our country become very rich and strong and make out life even better, we must learn English well. 译文:英语是一门重要的语言,因为它在世界上使用最为广泛。

就是说,不仅英国,美国,加拿大,澳大利亚和新西兰,世界许多其他国家也都使用英语。

据悉,目前有20多个国家的5.5亿人以英语为母语。

虽然汉语是世界使用人数最多的口语,但它不是使用最广泛的。

英语是目前在世界上最流行的语言。

在国际会议上,英语是首要的工作语言之一。

在外交上,世界各地的国际贸易和文化交流,都以英文发布消息。

超过三分之二的电台用英语广播。

约85%的国际信件和商务文件是用英文撰写的。

所以英语比世界上任何其他语言都更重要而且实用。

随着我国家经济和文化的发展,我们必须加强与世界各地人民的友好往来。

我们技术落后,要想快速发展经济,就必须学好英语。

如果我们熟练掌握英语,我们就可以扩大文化交流,引进和发展国外先进的科学和技术。

为了使我国繁荣富强,人民的生活更加美好,我们必须学好英语。

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