1969年1月美国总统尼克松在就职演说中说：“在经历了一个对抗的时代之后，我们正在进入一个谈判的时代。
Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, Reverend Clergy, fellow citizens: We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage -- and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge -- and more. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required -- not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support -- to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run. Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace -- before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction. We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course -- both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war. So let us begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to undo the heavy burdens . . . [and] let the oppressed go free. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor -- not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe. Now the trumpet summons us again -- not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need -- not as a call to battle, though embattled we are -- but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation, a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort? In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility -- I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.
阅读下列材料，回答问题。
材料一：1971年7月，尼克松总统在堪萨斯城发表演讲，指出：“当我发表就职演说
17⑧94月30日，乔治·华盛顿总统：在室天举行总统就职宣誓他的誓言之上帝，请神协助我”，后来成为历届总统宣誓就职的惯例；宣誓完毕后亲吻《圣经》，也为后来的总统开创了先例；因为公共事务繁忙，就职舞会推迟到5月7日举行，总统夫人玛撒没有前往纽约参加。
华盛顿总统是第一位全票通过的总统。
1793年3月4日，乔治·华盛顿总统：发表了最简短的总统就职演说(135个字)。
1797年3月4日，约翰·亚当斯总统：第一位由总检曱察长带领宣誓的美国总统(总检曱察长名叫奥尼佛·埃斯沃斯)。
1801年3月4日，托马斯·杰斐逊总统：开创了向国会写信接受就职典礼并对典礼时间作出安排的先例 ；第一位可能也是最后一位走着去参加就职典礼的总统；第一位在华盛顿国会大厦举行就职典礼的美国总统；总统就职演说第一次在报纸特刊上刊载。
1809年3月4日，詹姆士·麦迪逊总统：第一次在就职典礼当日举行庆祝舞会；创立了由美国海军军乐队为就职舞会奏乐的惯例。
1817年3月4日，詹姆士·门罗总统：第一位在华盛顿户外举行露天宣誓的美国总统。
1824年3月4日，约翰·昆西·亚当斯总统：是第二任总统约翰·亚当斯之子。
1829年3月4日，安德鲁·杰克逊总统：第一位在国会大厦东门廊举行就职宣誓的美国总统。
1837年3月4日，马丁·范布伦总统：离任及接任总统(杰克逊与范布伦)第一次乘同一辆马车前往国会大厦参加就职庆典；庆典游曱行上第一次出现花车；第一次举行两场庆祝舞会。
1841年3月4日，威廉·亨利·哈里森总统：发表了美国历史上最长的就职演说(10000字)；打破了美国的惯例，哈里森先发表就职演说，然后宣誓，然后又接着发表就职演说；第一次由官方规划在国会大厦举行庆典游曱行，游曱行及就职庆典规划委员会由获胜政党在当地的政治组织组成。
1841年4月6日，约翰·泰勒总统：第一位因现任总统死亡而入主白宫的美国总统。
1845年3月4日，詹姆斯·K·波尔克总统：就职演说第一次通过电报向全国发送。
1853年3月4日，富兰克林·皮尔斯总统：确定就任美国总统(而不是宣誓)；打破惯例，没有亲吻《圣经》，只是将左手放在《圣经》上；第一位脱稿发表就职演说的美国总统。
1857年3月4日，詹姆斯·布坎南总统：就职第一次被拍成照片；举行了一场盛大的庆祝舞会，共有6000名贵宾出席，消耗了价值3000美元的葡萄酒、400加仑牡蛎、500夸脱鸡肉色拉、1200夸脱冰淇淋、60只羊、8卷牛肉、75只火腿以及125只猪舌。
1861年3月4日，亚伯拉罕·林肯总统：非裔美国人第一次参加总统就职庆典游曱行，也是美国历史上首位遭暗杀的总统。
1865年4月15日，安德鲁·约翰逊总统：因为总统死亡，约翰逊是第一位由总检曱察长带领宣誓就任总统的副总统。
1869年3月4日及1873年3月4日，尤利塞斯·S·格兰特总统：第一次邀请各州州长参加就职典礼；天气最为寒冷的就职典礼，当天中午气温只有16度，风速达到40米\\\/秒；1877年3月3日及1877年3月5日，拉瑟福德·B·海斯总统：第一位在白宫宣誓就职的美国总统；第一位在就职典礼前宣誓就职的美国总统(因为当天是星期天)，即3月3日(星期六)私下宣誓就任总统，3月5日(星期一)举行公开宣誓就职。
1881年3月4日，詹姆斯·加菲尔德总统：总统的母亲第一次出席总统就职庆典；总统第一次在白宫前对军队进行检阅。
1881年9月19日，詹姆斯·加菲尔德总统遇刺身亡后，切斯特·艾伦·阿瑟随即接任为第21任美国总统，是美国历届总统中资历最浅的一个。
是美国这个时期为数不多的反对种族歧视，反对排斥华人的总统。
曾经否决了国会一项为期20曱年的限制华工移民法，虽然这项法案最后还是被美国国会通过，不过期限从20曱年降到10年。
1885年3月4日，格罗弗·克利夫兰(Stephen Grover Cleveland)当选为总统，是第一个民曱主党人在内战之后选举出来的总统，也是唯一一位离开白宫，并且4年之后再被任职的总统。
18⑧9年3月4日，本杰明·哈里森(Benjamin Harrison) 当选为总统，其祖父是第9任美国总统。
就任总统时正值纪曱念华盛顿总统就职一百周曱年，因而人们称他为“一百周曱年纪曱念”总统。
1⑧93年3月4日，格罗弗·克利夫兰(Stephen Grover Cleveland)事隔四年后再次当选总统。
1⑧97年3月4日，威廉·麦金莱总统：第一次用电影摄像机录下总统就职典礼。
1901年3月4日，威廉·麦金莱总统：众议院第一次获准与参议院一起安排总统就职庆典相关情况。
1901年9月14日，西奥多·罗斯福（富兰克林·罗斯福的叔叔）总统：第一位没有在《圣经》面前宣誓的美国总统，罗斯福在安斯利·威尔科斯的家中举行了就职宣誓（据威尔科斯1903年称）。
1905年3月4日，西奥多·罗斯福总统：第一次在国会大厦总统就职庆典上使用电话。
1909年3月4日，威廉·H·塔夫脱总统：总统夫人第一次与总统一起从国会大厦前往白宫；就职庆典游曱行上第一次出现汽车；第一次使用临时照明灯具将圆形屋顶照亮。
1913年3月4日，伍德罗·威尔逊总统：暂停传统的就职庆典舞会。
1917年3月4日及1917年3月5日，伍德罗·威尔逊总统：打破传统，第一次在星期日举行总统就职宣誓；妇女第一次参加就职庆典游曱行。
1921曱年3月4日，沃曱伦·甘梅利尔·哈定总统：总统第一次乘汽车前往参加就职典礼；就职典礼上第一次使用扩音器；第一次使用钢框架的就职庆典站台，一直使用到1981年。
1923年8月3日，卡尔文·柯立芝总统：第一次由总统的父亲带领宣誓，柯立芝的父亲是佛蒙特州的一位治安官。
1925年3月4日，卡尔文·柯立芝总统：第一次由前总统(威廉·塔夫特)带领当选总统宣誓就职；总统就职典礼第一次通过广播在全国进行直播。
1929年3月4日，赫伯特·克拉克·胡佛总统：第一次用有声记录影片拍摄总统就职典礼。
1933年3月4日，富兰克林·罗斯福总统：美国第32届总统，副总统第一次与总统一起举行就职宣誓，但副总统不能发表就职演说；第二次总统任期是从1937年1月20日的，从此美国总统宣誓就职日改在1月20日，这一规定是根据美国宪法第20条修正案制定的。
1941年1月20日，富兰克林·罗斯福总统：第一位三次举行就职宣誓的美国总统。
1945年1月20日，富兰克林·罗斯福总统：第一位也是最后一位四次举行就职宣誓的美国总统。
本届未任满，任内1945年4月12日去世，副总统杜鲁门继任。
1949年1月20日，哈里·S 杜鲁门总统：总统就职典礼第一次通过电视直播；第二次世界大战后再次启动官方就职庆典舞会(注：S不是中间名)。
1953年1月20日，德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔总统：打破传统，用祈祷代替亲吻《圣经》；第一次抛弃黑色礼帽，改以汉堡帽出席总统就职庆典。
1957年1月20日、21日，德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔总统：第一次以宪法的形式对总统就职庆典予以限制(宪法第22条修正案)；第一次在国会大厦的高等法院礼堂举行总统午宴。
1961年1月20日，约翰·肯尼迪总统：第一位在国会大厦东侧举行就职仪式的美国总统；第一次邀请诗人（罗伯特·弗罗斯特）出席官方就职庆典；总统的父母第一次参加当选总统的就职仪式；作为第一位信仰天主教的美国总统，肯尼迪在就职典礼上使用天主教版本的《圣经》进行宣誓；空军军乐队第一次出现在游曱行队伍当中；就职典礼第一次通过彩色电视直播；第一次举行五场庆祝舞会；最后一个戴传统礼帽参加就职庆典的美国总统。
1963年11月22日，林登·约翰逊总统：总统第一次在飞机上宣誓就职；第一次由女性带领总统宣誓就职，这名女性是德克萨斯州法官萨拉·哈格斯女士。
1965年1月20日，林登·约翰逊总统：第一次在国会大厦设置新闻发布室；第一次使用防弹轿车。
1969年1月20日，理查德·尼克松总统：总统第一次使用两部《圣经》宣誓。
1974年8月9日，杰拉尔德·福特总统：第一位非选举产生的副总统接任总统；第一位根据美国宪法第25条修正案入主白宫的美国总统，该修正案规定，总统辞职后，由副总统接任总统职位。
1977年1月20日，吉米·卡特总统：离任总统第一次乘直升机从国会大厦离开；检阅台第一次使用太阳能；制定残疾人观看游曱行规则。
1981年1月20日，罗纳德·里根总统：就职典礼前一天在西草坪举行室外音乐会；第一次在电视转 播中插上文字，以方便听力障碍人士观看；电视直播了午餐会部分情况；第一次举行9场庆祝舞会；第一次在立法机关大楼举行庆祝舞会；第一次通过卫星向全国直播庆祝舞会。
1985年1月20日及21日，罗纳德·里根总统：第一次在1月20日的星期天举行就职典礼；《圣经》第一次放在专为林肯而建造的大理石桌上，这张大理石桌建于1860年；在总统从国会大厦前往白宫途中，第一次在豪华轿车中安放摄像机；有记录以来最冷的一次就职庆典，中午气温只有7度。
19⑧9年1月20日，乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什（老布什）总统：当时最为昂贵的就职典礼。
1993年1月20日，比尔·克林顿总统就职仪式第一次通过互联网直播；第一次在马丁·路德·金纪曱念日举行总统就职典礼。
2001年1月20日，乔治·沃克·布什（小布什）（George Walker Bush），正式入住白宫。
他是继美国第六任总统亚当斯之后第二位踏着父亲的足印入主白宫的总统。
习惯称为小布什，2001年至2009年担任美国总统。
2008年11月4日，贝拉克·奥巴马（全名贝拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马二世）（Barack Hussein Obama II) 党派：民曱主党。
击败麦凯恩，当选新一届美国总统，也是历史上第一位有一半黑人血统的总统。
美国东部时间2009年1月20日12时5分，总统奥巴马手按林肯当年宣誓时所用的《圣经》宣誓任职，美国最高法院首席大曱法官约翰·罗伯茨在一旁公证。
“当我发表就职演说的时候，我提到一个需要谈判时代，而不是对抗时代。
……我们在世界上许多地区正在进行
Full text of Obama's speech21 January 2009 The following is the full text of President Barack Obama's inauguration speech.My fellow citizens, I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the people have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebears, and true to our founding documents. So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights. Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.We remain a young nation, but in the words of scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less.It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labour, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and travelled across oceans in search of a new life.For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and ploughed the hard earth.For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn.Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year.Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth.We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified.Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favours only the prosperous.The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.As for our common defence, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our founding fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations.Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please.Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan.With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the spectre of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defence, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages.We honour them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history.What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.This is the price and the promise of citizenship.This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have travelled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing.The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people: Let it be told to the future world ... that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet (it).America, in the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come.Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.Thank you, God bless you and God Bless the United States of America. >> More International News
谁有奥巴马胜选和就职的两篇演讲词?
82961408 0 | 我的消息(0\\\/0) | 百度首页 | 百度空间 | 退出 阜新林夕人生就像一场旅行 不必在意目的地 在乎的是沿途的风景以及看风景的心情 主页博客相册|个人档案 |好友 查看文章 奥巴马就职演讲词2009年01月21日 星期三 11:05题记： 这或许是一篇迟来的文章，但我还是被他的演说深深打动。
今天上午偶尔翻阅《参考消息 》看到了他的演讲辞，其中有一句深深打动了我。
“ It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished from the Earth.那些并不年轻的志愿者却拥有一颗火热的心，为了大选他们在寒风中敲开善良的陌生人家的门，这就是为什么两个世纪以来，我们人类，我们的政府没有从地球上消亡的原因。
This is your victory. （我想说，）这同样也是你们的胜利
And I know you didn't do this just to win an election. And I know you didn't do it for me.”我知道，你们不仅仅是为了赢得一个大选，也不仅仅是为了我。
美国第四十四任总统奥巴马个人简历巴拉克·胡赛因·奥巴马(Barack Hussein Obama Jr.),美国第四十四任民选总统，美国建国200多年来的首位黑人总统。
全名：巴拉克·胡赛因·奥巴马(Barack Hussein Obama Jr.)党派：民主党奥巴马1961年8月4日出生在美国夏威夷檀香山，父亲是来自肯尼亚的留学生，母亲是堪萨斯州白人，两人在就读夏威夷大学期间相识。
由于父亲此后前往哈佛大学求学，奥巴马从小由母亲抚养。
奥巴马两岁多时，父母婚姻破裂。
6岁时，奥巴马随母亲和继父前往印度尼西亚生活。
4年后，奥巴马回到夏威夷。
中学毕业后，他进入加利福尼亚州西方学院学习，后转入位于纽约的哥伦比亚大学，1983年毕业。
1985年，奥巴马来到芝加哥，从事社区工作。
1988年，他进入哈佛大学法学院深造，还成为院刊《哈佛法律评论》首位非洲裔负责人。
1991年在获得哈佛大学法学博士学位后，他返回芝加哥，成为一名律师，并在芝加哥大学法学院教授宪法。
1997年，奥巴马进入政坛，当选伊利诺伊州参议员，并连任8年。
2000年，他竞选联邦众议员，但没有成功。
尽管如此，他已在全国政坛崭露头角，并应邀在2004年民主党全国代表大会上发表主题演讲。
同年11月，他在国会选举中当选伊利诺伊州联邦参议员。
在担任联邦参议员期间，他参与起草了有关控制常规武器的议案，推动加强公众监督联邦基金使用，并支持有关院外游说、选举欺诈、气候变化和核恐怖主义等问题的一系列议案。
他还先后出访了东欧、中东和非洲一些国家。
2007年2月，奥巴马正式宣布竞选总统。
他在竞选中以“变革”为主题，强调结束伊拉克战争、实现能源自给、停止减税政策和普及医疗保险等，并承诺实现党派团结、在国际上重建同盟关系、恢复美国领导地位。
2008年初民主党总统预选启动后，奥巴马一度落后于竞争对手、纽约州联邦参议员希拉里，但在2月5日“超级星期二”后逐渐赶超，并保持领先地位，直至6月3日预选结束。
8月27日，奥巴马在民主党全国代表大会上获得总统候选人提名。
奥巴马1992年与米歇尔·罗宾森结婚，育有两个女儿。
奥巴马就职演讲辞你好，芝加哥：如果现在仍然有人怀疑在美国是不是真的任何事情都可能发生，怀疑我们开国之父们的梦想是否还留存在这片土地上，怀疑民主的力量，今夜，就给你答案。
在这个国家的学校和教堂中人们曾焦急地等待着答案，一些人甚至从未像今天一样——等待了3～4个小时，但是他们知道这一时刻非同一般，他们的声音也同样非同一般。
在美国的土地上，无论是年轻人还是老人；穷人还是富人；无论是共和党人还是民主党人；无论是黑人、白人、西班牙裔、亚裔、美国原住民、同性恋、异性恋、残疾人还是非残疾人都发出同一种信息，我并非孤身一人。
我们是，而且永远都是美利坚合众国
这一天我们等得太久了，但是今晚，因为我们在这场竞选中、在这个地点、在此时此刻所做的一切，改变已经降临美国。
在今天晚上，我很荣幸地接到了麦凯恩参议员打来的电话。
麦凯恩参议员在这场竞选中进行了长久、艰难的努力。
而且，为这个他热爱的国家，他奋斗了更久、付出了更多的努力。
他为美国做出了超乎我们大多数人想象的牺牲，因为这个无畏无私的领导人所付出的努力，我们才有了更好的生活。
我对他表示祝贺，也对佩林州长所取得的成果表示祝贺。
同时，我也期待着能在接下来的几个月内，和他们共同努力履行对这个国家的诺言。
我想感谢我在这个旅程中的搭档，一个全心全意参加竞选的男人，一个为同他一起在斯克蓝顿(宾夕法尼亚东北部城市)街道长大、一起坐火车到特拉华州的人们发言的男人，美国未来的副总统，乔·拜登。
在过去的16年里如果没有朋友们的支持和鼓励，那么我今晚将不会站在这里……我的家庭的支持、关爱，美国的下一位第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马，还有萨沙和玛丽雅，我对你们的爱甚至超出你们的想象，你们将得到新的爸爸，和你们一起到新的白宫。
我却再也不能陪伴我的外祖母了，但我知道她一直在守望着我们。
我也十分想念我的家人和亲戚，我知道自己亏欠他们太多，太多。
我要感谢马娅，阿尔玛，以及我所有的兄弟姐妹，感谢你们对我无私的支持，对此我深表感激。
还有，感谢我的竞选经理大卫·普劳夫。
还有那些在竞选活动中的无名英雄们，他们表现的很棒，是他们给美国带来了一场最完美的大选，我想，这在美国历史上是绝无仅有的。
还有我的首席战略师大卫·阿克塞尔罗德。
他是我的伙伴，在我竞选的每个阶段都给我极大的帮助，为我打造了美国大选史上最棒的竞选团队。
是你让这一切发生了，我将永远对你为这一切做出的牺牲心存感激。
但是最重要的，我将永远无法忘记这场胜利真正的主人，这属于你们，这属于你们。
我曾经是最不可能赢得白宫的候选人。
在刚开始的时候，我们没有多少钱，也没有多少支持者，我们的竞选不是从华盛顿的大厅开始的，而是开始于艾奥瓦州得梅因的后院、康科德的客厅、查尔斯顿的前厅。
是辛勤劳作的男人、女人捐给了我们他们微薄的积蓄，5块钱、10块钱、20块钱。
我们从年轻人那里得到了力量，他们拒绝服从同龄人冷漠的神话。
为了工作，他们离开了自己的家乡，并与亲人分别，可是他们拿很少的报酬，甚至连睡觉的时间也少的可怜。
那些并不年轻的志愿者却拥有一颗火热的心，为了大选他们在寒风中敲开善良的陌生人家的门，这就是为什么两个世纪以来，我们人类，我们的政府没有从地球上消亡的原因。
我想说，这同样也是你们的胜利
我知道，你们不仅仅是为了赢得一个大选，也不仅仅是为了我。
你们这样做，是因为知道我们面前任务的艰难。
即使我们今晚在这里欢庆，我们仍然知道明天将会带来我们平生最大的挑战——两场战争，一个处于危险边缘的星球、一个世纪来最严重的金融危机。
即使我们今夜站在这里，我们依然知道，勇敢的美国人在伊拉克的荒地上、在阿富汗的山林中醒来，为了我们，赌上自己的生命。
在孩子们熟睡后依然醒着的父亲母亲在担心，他们怎样才能还清医生的账单，攒够足够的钱供孩子的大学教育。
新的能源要去开发，新的工作岗位要去创造，新的学校要去建造，新的威胁要去面对，新的盟友关系要去修复。
前面的路会很长。
我们的攀岩会很陡峭。
我们甚至不会在一年、一个任期内达到这个目标。
但是，美国，我从未比今夜更加相信，我们会达到这个目标。
我承诺，作为一个人，我们会达到这个目标。
以后我们还会面对挫折和谎言，我成为总统以后，也许有人无法认同我的每一项政策和方针。
并且我们也知道政府并非能解决一切问题。
但是我会忠诚地和你们并肩奋斗，共同面对挑战。
我依然会倾听你们的声音，尤其是我们之间存在分歧的时候。
最重要的是，我会真诚地邀请你参与国家的重建，就像美国建国221年以来的历史那样——靠我们的双手把国家建设地更为强大。
我们从21个月以前的冬天开始了奋斗的征程，但是我们的努力不会在这个秋天的夜晚结束。
这次胜利并不会改变我们的探索之路，这对于我们来说是一个难得的机遇，我们决不能后退。
我们不会退缩，因为我们拥有旺盛的精力和无畏牺牲的精神。
让我们重振爱国主义精神，承担起自己的责任，我们将努力奋斗，互帮互助。
让我们牢记金融危机给美国带来的伤痛，我们再也不会让华尔街繁荣的同时，让别的街受罪。
在这个国家里，我们与祖国的命运紧密相连。
让我们自觉抵制党派争端和过于污秽的政治斗争。
让我们牢记在这条街道上高举共和党旗帜入主白宫的那个人(林肯)，是他宣扬了独立和自主的精神，完成了国家的统一。
这些价值观应该得到继承和发扬，今晚民主党取得了胜利，我们必须保持谦虚的心态，并下定决心完成后面的征程。
就像很久以前，林肯对一个比现在分裂得更严重的民族所说的那样，我们不是敌人，是朋友。
虽然热情已经被冲淡，我们的友爱纽带没有破裂。
同时，对于我没有赢得支持的民众，我或许没有得到你们的投票，但是我听到了你们的声音。
我需要你们的帮助。
我也会是你们的总统。
对于那些在另外一个海岸，从国会到王宫、到在被世界遗忘的角落摆弄收音机、关注美国今夜的人们，我们的故事并非只有一个，但是目标是共同的，美国领导力的新的黎明已经到来。
对于那些破坏世界的人，我们会打败你。
对那些寻找和平和安全的人，我们支持你。
对那些怀疑美国的灯塔是否还在闪耀的人，今夜我们再次证明，美国真正的力量不是来自武器的威力，也不是来自财富的多寡，而是来自我们的信念的持久的力量：民主、自由、机会和永不放弃的希望。
这才是真正的美国：美国应该变化，我们的社会应该更完美。
我们已经取得的成果给了我们明天取得更大成果的希望。
这次大选有很多首创和许多故事，这些故事将代代相传。
但今天晚上我脑子里能想起来的就是一个女人，她刚刚在亚特兰大城投了票。
她跟成千上万在这次大选中排队发出自己声音的人一样，唯有一点例外：安·尼克松·库珀已经106岁高龄了。
她出生在奴隶制刚刚废除后的那一代，那时路上没有汽车，天上没有飞机。
像她那样的人仍不能投票，这因为两个方面的原因：一是她是女性；二是因为她的肤色。
可今晚，我想她看透了一个世纪的美国——头疼与希望；挣扎与发展。
有人告诉我们，美国不行了，可美国人的自信却回答：不，我们行
她曾经生活在女性发不出声音、希望破灭的时代，可她却活着看到女性们站起来，发出自己的声音，并且投下自己的票。
是的，我们行
当饥饿来到，衰退发生时，她看到了这个国家是如何以新政，新工作，和全新的共同目标来战胜恐惧的。
当炸弹落到我们的港口，独裁者威胁世界的时候，她亲眼见证了一代人的崛起和民主得以挽救。
是的，我们行
她去蒙哥马利搭乘公共汽车，她去伯明翰面对水龙头，她去塞尔玛占桥……她听来自亚特兰大的牧师告诉大家：“我们能打破种族障碍”，没错，我们行
一个人踏上了月球，一堵墙在柏林倒下，这个世界因科学和想像而相连。
今年，在这次大选中，她投下了自己的一票。
因为在美国生活了106个年头，经历了最好的时光与最难的岁月，所以她知道美国一定能改变。
是的，我们行
美国已经经历了太多，我们看够了太多，但我们还得做更多的事。
今晚，让我们问自己：如果我们的孩子们要活着看到新世纪，如果我们的女儿们能像安·尼克松这样活到106岁，我们应该有哪些进步
我们应该回答这个问题，这是我们的时代。
现在是我们一起开始工作，为我们的孩子打开机遇之门，恢复我们的繁荣，促进和平，重回美国梦，恢复基本信任，以及其它许多事的时候了。
我们应该团结如一人。
我们应该坚定地回应那些说我们不行的人，我们将以无穷的力量来回应他们，然后说：是的，我们行
感谢大家，上帝保佑你们，上帝保佑美利坚
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