
FSK信的评语
大众点评 08-09-04 公司实行每周六天制,基实就是变相裁员。
LZ辛苦了。
---我是乖丫头 点评 08-09-04 写的真好,要是总裁能看到就好了,世界就是不公平,哎
---冬天的雪花 点评 08-09-03 说的很经典,强烈支持
建议发到总裁信箱去
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---清心不悔 点评 08-09-03 太厉害了,人才呀
我也来挺一挺你,你说出了咱们心底的话; 从内心发出对你的尊敬。
真是太激动了,无法用言语来形容,只希望会让总裁看到, 看到下面的员工过得并不是跟他想的那样的好。
希望他在对社会做善事之前,先给咱们为富士康辛苦买命的人做做善事。
我们确实过得不太好。
---诗韵 点评 08-09-03 给你打个综合分:97.5分。
写的也蛮人性化的,在此路过给你顶@一&下#。
你的心情也只能是眼泪问花'花不语,花自解语泪自流啊。
我相心这个总裁可能在他剩下的余年是看不到的,因为为讨好他为他分忧的人排的比长城还长。
这想心肺之言可能不要出门就给消化了吧!还是来世碰到他还没有做总裁的时候在他耳边给他带个话。
本人很欣赏你的时代精神。
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---曾经沧海玉 点评 08-09-02 本人强烈支持1但愿总裁可以看到
1 ---柠檬的味道 点评 08-09-02 现在FSK在分四步走∶ 第一步∶实行每周6天制 第二步∶取消年终绩效奖,工资加30% 第三步∶员工争相离职,罢工事件比比皆是 第四步∶FSK申请PC ---没完没了的八哥 点评 请问八哥此消息的可靠性?如果这样实施的话,我们的合同就要重新签定了。
真是搞笑,刚进公司签了两年合同,一年不到就换了份(当然新劳动法的原因),难道现在还要换不成(这次是什么原因呢)?所以八哥所言不可能行通。
第一:每周6天上班制,只可能针对产; 第二:取消绩效奖,工资加30%只针对部分BU\\\/BG; 第三:罢工事件还没有闹大,即使有闹,公司上层也会杀一敬百; 第四:申请PC用处不大。
我们有劳动合同法作为保障,即使公司想变,也会遭到各种举报,到时丑态必出,对公司肯定很不利,相信上层不会贸然实施;还有,公司既然有了这么多人才,只要机关组织不变,理级干部没有流失,走几万普工,抑或是走几万工程师,都不会有太多变化,因为前两年扩得太猛了,现在是削减的时候了。
看吧,公司还会想更多办法的,走的人肯定也会越多,这次加薪,不就可以证明一切吗?看吧,年终绩效,你还能指望多少吧,到时让你大跌眼镜
因为裁走一些人,公司才能更有效运营。
逼也要逼你走的
---艳阳天 点评 08-09-02 听说文旦出一奇人,在下慕名而来,细观之,果为奇人 接LZ再根据本人收到某些消息,现在FSK在分四步走∶ 第一步∶实行每周6天制 第二步∶取消年终绩效奖,工资加30% 第三步∶员工争相离职,罢工事件比比皆是 第四步∶FSK申请PC ---没完没了的八哥 点评 08-09-02 人之将走,其言也善... ... 原计划这个月写一篇,作为临别赠言,谁知被你抢了先,我还写什么,呵呵... ... 富士康原来很大的优势就是待遇和管理,现在这两点都转变为最大的劣势,如再不思变,前途可忧 ---天生花子 点评 08-09-02 根据我2006年在比亚迪工作时的了解,公司每年向社会招聘一个应届毕业生,政府相应的免比亚迪公司十万圆的税,应届毕业生要跟公司签三年的合同,也就是说应届生这三年是在拿政府的工资,而不是在拿公司的工资,所以说等三年合同满了走了一些应届生,对公司根本没有太大损失。
---北方的雪 点评------------------- 我知道安排公司应届毕业生有相应的免税政策,但说直接免去十万圆的税款,可能有点多吧 ---支持民主 点评 08-09-02 辛苦了朋友............ 你 说出了 FSK.大多数人的心声, ---三重门 点评 08-09-02 一个字赞,辛苦了。
---哭泣的鱼 点评 08-09-02 @LZ,写的不错,我们必须团结 ---绝杀 点评 08-09-02 LZ说的好,现在富士康已经不是最好的选择了.不想干了啊!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ---缘分不在服务区 点评 08-09-02 我挺!力挺!!!不知总裁能否看到.----兄弟!不要被你的主管知道,否则你真的壮士一去不复还了! 安得广厦千万间, 大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。
薪资政策不动安如山! ----何时眼前突兀见变猝. 暨时吾辈笑死死亦足! ---豫牛 点评 谢谢豫牛的关心,同样感谢所有支持伙的兄弟姐妹门
人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青,人固有一死,亦2的死轻如鸿毛,有的死重于泰山。
为帮Foxconn千千万基层员工争取利益而死,我觉得很值得。
一个人的力量是有限的,我希望大家团结起来,提出一些建设性的建议,让总裁听听基层员工的心声,希望将此文推荐给你们的朋友,同事,,, ---风潇潇兮易水寒 点评 08-09-02 有你祝福,和大家的努力一定进入100强~~~~~~ 希望你能留下,能看见那刻,我们都将自豪。
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或许你在失意之中,或许还是因为别的,我想你是人才,所以留下 我是新人,也卜咋了解,可你写的那些我懂,也明白,希望你的努力没有白费。
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---卜哭 点评 08-09-02 就算总裁看到了,会不会改善实行还是个问题。
希望楼主不会白写这么多字,不会白费心。
离开也好,重新开始,只要是人才又怎怕没出路
此处不留爷,自有留爷处
顶
---雪妖 点评 08-09-01 刚才又看了你前几次写得文章,都挺伤感的。
呵呵,今年跟我一起来的校友都陆续走了五个了。
他们 走的时候都挺开心的,至少表面上看是这样的
所以,我劝你也开心一点啦。
看了你的文章,感觉你 是一个非常有想法的人,该走的都会走,祝福你
快乐的工作,快乐的生活,当有一天你不再快乐,那就快乐的离开
---情定江苏 点评 08-09-01 你说的这些情况大家都知道啊,估计上面领导也知道的啊。
郭台铭为什麽来大陆投资
劳动力便宜贝 。
给所有人大幅度提高工资
估计是一点可能性都没有。
做事不拿钱,拿钱不做事,这就是一个现状 其实也不是富士康特有的。
那些管理哲学其实对我们普通的员工根本毫无意义可言,那些管理哲学都是用 在管理中高层的主管上面的
对於制造叶的企业,就跟中国人一样,多一个不多,少一个不少。
我们 属於弱势群体啊。
你来了三年了,现在要走了,估计你也是新干班过来的,我理解你。
你要走了,祝 你以后一帆风顺
---情定江苏 点评 08-09-01 大家不要老是想集团每年招那么多新干班的干吗,最后又没有几个干下去的。
高层不傻的,他招 那么多应届生首先社会效应好,打了免费广告,政府还会给他奖励和其他政策的优惠, 根据我2006年在比亚迪工作时的了解,公司每年向社会招聘一个应届毕业生,政府相应的免比亚迪公司十万圆的税,应届毕业生要跟公司签三年的合同,也就是说应届生这三年是在拿政府的工资,而不是在拿公司的工资,所以说等三年合同满了走了一些应届生,对公司根本没有太大损失。
---北方的雪 点评 08-09-01 我感觉FSK越发展越垃圾了 你说的很好,支持~~~~~~
---黄飞鸿 点评 08-09-01 横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为文胆牛,我以我血溅轩辕
本文是毕人发自肺腑的感言,望有同感的胆友顶起,顶的越多,你升值加薪的机会就越大哦。
人生处处留心皆学问,喜笑怒骂是文章
---风潇潇兮易水寒 点评 08-09-01 我好像记得上课时给我讲的是人材-人才-人财, 难道我把顺序记错了???? ---飘然临界 点评 08-09-01 分析的很有水平,大大支持!希望仁者无敌,仁者无疆,能成为现实! ---拯救宇宙 点评 08-09-01 我 不知道说什么,但是一定要顶的。
---天空的心 点评 08-09-01 忘了一件事, 票票还没给呢
---心伤泪为证 点评 08-09-01 写的太好了,因为上晚班所以只上来顶了
呵呵~~~~ 全力支持 ---心伤泪为证 点评 08-09-01 写的太好了,大家的心声!! ---小木偶 点评 08-09-01 。
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这些总裁都知道。
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---南漂人 点评 08-09-01 这封信一定要顶
---千山雪莲 点评 08-09-01 这封信一定要顶
---千山雪莲 点评 08-09-01 风潇潇兮易水寒 ---我看你就别走了!再写几篇文章丢到总裁信箱去吧!富士康不是很民主的吗! ---珊瑚草 点评 08-09-01 天6小时40分钟=原来的5天制工作时间=40小时. 这是我在总裁签完字的ppt是看到的. ---荧火虫 点评 ======那请问你PPT里写的什么时候开始实行? ---乔峰 点评 08-09-01 建议直接投到总裁信箱,这是我们的心声,但不一定是培养了工程师的能力就可以了的,最基层的人,才最为辛苦。
新干班的人到底为公司做了以了多少贡献
以至於来了还不到半年的,没有半点官职,这次加薪后竟拿到1.8K,也确实比来了好几年的同事的工资还要高,试问又有多少人能服气
公司的政策已做到如此,我们谁还能做得安稳
---柔指轻敲 点评 08-09-01 在1997年7月,我决定离开惠普,加入德州仪器,在1997年上半年,惠普全世界所做的满意度调查,我收到的当时惠普执行长官发给我的E-mail,上面说:“Terry,恭喜你,中国员工满意度的调查是全世界第一高
” 我想:要是有这样的老板,与这样的团队共事,没有人会舍得离开.---番石榴 点评---------- 咦
那他为啥又离开惠普了呢?他不是去做明知自己会后悔的事了吗? ---支持民主 点评 如果我附上程副总的全文演讲稿可能你更容易理解一些.我说的没有人会舍得离开是针对我们这样的员工,但是对於程副总,他既然实现了对员工的三点承诺,也是他立志要做的三件事,那麼他可以无憾的离开,去追寻自己更高的职业生涯的目标. ---番石榴 点评 08-09-01 为谁工作,为自己,老板,家人,事业
都不是。
为的是一天的三斗米---生存。
我想这是很多FOXCONN员工的工作目标。
工作不是生活的一部分了,很多人想甚至把工作当成了全部,我们没有足够的时间和金钱去享受生活,而选择了没完没了的加班,不加班就没法生活,这是FOXCONN底层员工的生活写照。
---中年 点评 08-09-01 在1997年7月,我决定离开惠普,加入德州仪器,在1997年上半年,惠普全世界所做的满意度调查,我收到的当时惠普执行长官发给我的E-mail,上面说:“Terry,恭喜你,中国员工满意度的调查是全世界第一高
” 我想:要是有这样的老板,与这样的团队共事,没有人会舍得离开.---番石榴 点评---------- 咦
那他为啥又离开惠普了呢?他不是去做明知自己会后悔的事了吗? ---支持民主 点评 08-09-01 一年风雨一年愁,富士康里变白头,想要发财别处去,别在此地做停留 ---浅蓝色的帽子 点评 08-09-01 六天六小时制实施的时候也是很大一部分人离开之时。
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---浅蓝色的帽子 点评 08-09-01 LZ一路走好! 俺也是要走的人了,你的感言我们感同身受. 我看到程天纵副总How to Be a Great Boss的演讲稿.在他担任中国惠普总裁的时候的六年时间里,惠普的员工满意度调查中,中国惠普在惠普全世界的机构里面排名最后、得分最低,也就是说中国惠普的员工对惠普的认同和满意度是全世界最低的。
在中国惠普工作了三个月以后,我就召集了中国惠普所有的员工,当时只有三四百人,我对员工讲了三个愿望,第一个愿望是希望中国惠普所有的员工每天早晨醒来,想到今天要上班就觉得非常高兴,当时台下所有的员工都在笑,他们觉得我在说梦话,因为他们每天早上起来想到上班就会很痛苦;我的第二个愿望是说让离开中国惠普的人感到后悔,下面笑得更大声,因为他们听说离开的人都觉得非常快乐;我的第三个愿望是讲让每一个中国惠普的人五子登科,当时很多人都在问五子登科指的是什么意思,我对大家讲五子登科的意思是每一个人都有妻子或先生,都有孩子,都有车子、房子和票子,票子也就是指银行存款。
我讲完后下面笑得更大声,因为我当时只有39岁,他们觉得我们这些从美国回来的既年轻又不懂事,不了解中国的情况。
在1997年7月,我决定离开惠普,加入德州仪器,在1997年上半年,惠普全世界所做的满意度调查,我收到的当时惠普执行长官发给我的E-mail,上面说:“Terry,恭喜你,中国员工满意度的调查是全世界第一高
” 我想:要是有这样的老板,与这样的团队共事,没有人会舍得离开.但是,现在程副总已不复当年满怀激情的39岁,而且FSK全球60万员工也非中国惠普的300~400人所比.所以,我们走了,有些仓促的落寞与无奈. ---番石榴 点评 08-09-01 :::痴人说梦,简直是浪费我的时间:::。
作为一名500强的总裁,他比任何人都清楚自己的公司情况。
而且,不光FSK,其他企业也都存在类似的问题
---有才 点评-------强烈鄙视你 ---武汉佬 点评 08-09-01 建议直接投到总裁信箱,毕竟那裏比这里的机会大些 ---独孤小花 同感.. ---宝贝脸 点评 08-09-01 兄弟你要走了吗?一路走好哈,我们会记得你的,记得终于有人敢说出我们低级员工的心声了,兄弟谢谢你哈,写的真好
顶顶
---一点道夫 点评 08-09-01 建议LZ直接投到总裁信箱 , 我想在这里发表总裁应该是看不到的
---雪子 点评 08-09-01 好久没上来了
这封信一定要顶
~~~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ---傻瓜的琴声 点评 08-09-01 拨开乌云见天日。
我的好几位同事,走的时候很高兴,你说这给我们什么感受? 每次在公司见到其他熟人,都说想走,你说这又是一番什么景象? 当有人走的时候,大家都会祝福:你终于脱离苦海了
这又作何感想? 我想也许是我们在错的时间,来到了错的地方,做了错事吧。
其实我觉得主要是时机没把握好,我们来的时候,FSK已经是鼎盛时期,现在确实是在走下坡路了。
---艳阳天 点评 08-09-01 其实FOXCONN 人员多机构臃肿的重要原因就是人资规定的管理职的界定 组长需要管理8个人(由原来的5个人变为8个人) 课长需要管理2个组 各单位为了达到此要求拼命的招人扩充组织,才造成现在的结果; 还有就是很变态的提案改善的制度,大家都是为了提案改善而提案的,为了完成摊派才去写的,本来是工作的份内之事也要提案改善,这样有何用。
公司每次出台的政策都是将我们员工的油榨干然后再将骨髓油也吸完,不让我们活了。
提出这些提案的人绝对是很清闲的没有事情才找事情,把他干掉可以节省好多钱的,比如: 从2007年1月1日起夫妻两个在公司工作的员工,拿掉一个人的房补这样的规定,这样的规定是否于公司的宗旨长期稳定一致吗? 而且从实行该政策至今公司有多少人结婚而且同在foxconn,他们怎么不拿掉一个人的房补,公司是否是在鼓励不说实话,不诚信? 师级的拿掉440元,每次4月的普调能加多少呢?可怜的100元左右
强烈建议公司公平对待每一个员工,将夫妻同在公司而没有上报的张榜公布出来,接受大家的监督
---梧桐秋雨 点评 08-09-01 很期待Foxconn破茧成蝶的那一天。
也给LZ留句话,天行健君子以自强不息。
---志在四芳 点评 08-09-01 是不错,也写出了绝大多数人的心声。
其实这些建言,高阶主管们早就料到,只是他们也有难处,用总裁的话说:为钱而工作,容易累。
其实我们哪个觉得轻松的?有哪个不想好好做事的?有哪个不想升迁的?有哪个不希望有归宿感?说实在的,都是为了钱,难道这个社会不为钱工作,你能生活下去吗?作为高层,他们能够兼顾所有的员工吗?我们是有怨言,但这些怨言也得有地放矢。
我们暂不知道公司能够给我们带来什么,但我们可以把握自己的方向啊。
---艳阳天 点评 08-09-01 这些问题是大家有目共睹的。
楼主分析的不无道理。
公司的IE提案,说好听点一切以人为中心, 难听点,就是压炸我们这些劳动人民给公司 创造的剩余价值。
所有的企业都是如此,何况Foxconn只是一 个OEM工厂。
最后只能希望郭大总栽能够看到, 体谅民声啦。
祝LZ早日成就大业。
---海豹小乖 点评 08-09-01 一路顺风,祝你好运
可惜总裁看不到
---你还好吗 点评 08-09-01 你是人才......... ---迷你紫 点评 08-09-01 分析的够透彻的。
顶你 ---飘零雨中花 点评 08-09-01 但愿郭总能看到,写出了我们员工的心声啊 ---草莓星 点评 08-09-01 高层又不是傻子,你以为高层不知道下面人员流动大吗?他们不知道基层待遇少吗?他们也知道留才的, 他们只留他们认为值得留的人才,比如专理以上级的人物,待遇不会差的。
当年总裁把WLBG的戴总 从日本请回来时给的待遇是非常惊人的
而对于集团大多数的基层人员,集团是不会为了留他们而提高 待遇的,毕竟富士康还是一个劳动密集型的加工制造企业,中国目前到处是廉价的劳动力,他不怕你走, 走了一个外面大把的想进来干的。
还有,大家不要老是想集团每年招那么多新干班的干吗,最后又没有几个干下去的。
高层不傻的,他招 那么多应届生首先社会效应好,打了免费广告,政府还会给他奖励和其他政策的优惠,最后走了一些对他也 没有太大损失的。
这只是我一个基层人员的看法,可能浅陋,别扔我板砖头哦。
---小小的梦想 点评 08-09-01 挺不错的,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ---小小十三女 点评 08-09-01 写的真的很不错,支持一下
可惜郭总看不见
---水云间 点评 08-09-01 但愿总裁真的能看到
---绿叶之恋 点评 08-09-01 写得不错,但放在文胆里顶多只能让更广大的受苦同仁共鸣一下,起不到太大作用的。
也会有一些主管看到此文的,那也是看看而已。
举个例子:每天员工自离、辞工的非常多,难倒那些主管不知道
---秦王阁老 点评 08-09-01 写的是好,可有什麽办法,有句话:“适者生存”我 是 不适者,我看还是早点离开FSK吧
只有人走的越多,总裁才能看清现状
撤吧 ---高粱地的守望者 点评 08-09-01 写得是不错,可是他看得到吗???? ---紫蕊 点评 08-09-01 写得不错,可惜不知道有没有用,我觉得FSK的流程太烦琐了,要不然可以减少很多人力物力
---风中草 点评 08-09-01 写得不错,可惜不知道有没有用,我觉得FSK的流程太烦琐了,要不然可以减少很多人力物力
---风中草 点评
关于水果的知识 英文
The term fruit has many different meanings depending on context. In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary—together with seeds— of a flowering plant. In many species, the fruit incorporates the ripened ovary and the surrounding tissues. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants disseminate seeds.[1]In cuisine, when discussing fruit as food, the term usually refers to those plant fruits that are sweet and fleshy, examples of which include plums, apples and oranges. However, a great many common vegetables, as well as nuts and grains, are the fruit of that plant species.[2] No single terminology really fits the enormous variety that is found among plant fruits.[3] The cuisine terminology for fruits is inexact and will remain so.The term false fruit (pseudocarp, accessory fruit) is sometimes applied to a fruit like the fig (a multiple-accessory fruit; see below) or to a plant structure that resembles a fruit but is not derived from a flower or flowers. Some gymnosperms, such as yew, have fleshy arils that resemble fruits and some junipers have berry-like, fleshy cones. The term fruit has also been inaccurately applied to the seed-containing female cones of many conifers.[4]With most fruits pollination is a vital part of fruit culture, and the lack of knowledge of pollinators and pollenizers can contribute to poor crops or poor quality crops. In a few species, the fruit may develop in the absence of pollination\\\/fertilization, a process known as parthenocarpy.[5] Such fruits are seedless. A plant that does not produce fruit is known as acarpous, meaning without fruit.Many foods are botanically fruit but are treated as vegetables in cooking. These include cucurbits (e.g., squash, pumpkin, and cucumber), tomato, peas, beans, corn, eggplant, and sweet pepper, spices, such as allspice and chillies.[2] Occasionally, though rarely, a culinary fruit will not be a true fruit in the botanical sense. For example, rhubarb may be considered a fruit, though only the petiole is edible.[7] In the culinary sense, a fruit is usually any sweet tasting plant product associated with seed(s), a vegetable is any savoury or less sweet plant product, and a nut any hard, oily, and shelled plant product.[8]Although a nut is a type of fruit, it is also a popular term for edible seeds, such as peanuts (which are actually a legume) and pistachios.[9] Technically, a cereal grain is a fruit termed a caryopsis. However, the fruit wall is very thin and fused to the seed coat so almost all of the edible grain is actually a seed. Therefore, cereal grains, such as corn, wheat and rice are better considered edible seeds, although some references list them as fruits.[10] Edible gymnosperms seeds are often misleadingly given fruit names, e.g. pine nuts, ginkgo nuts, and juniper berries.A fruit is a ripened ovary. After the ovule in an ovary is fertilized in a process known as pollination, the ovary begins to ripen. The ovule develops into a seed and the ovary wall pericarp may become fleshy (as in berries or drupes), or form a hard outer covering (as in nuts). In some cases, the sepals, petals and\\\/or stamens and style of the flower fall off. Fruit development continues until the seeds have matured. With some multiseeded fruits the extent to which the flesh develops is proportional to the number of fertilized ovules.[11]The wall of the fruit, developed from the ovary wall of the flower, is called the pericarp. The pericarp is often differentiated into two or three distinct layers called the exocarp (outer layer - also called epicarp), mesocarp (middle layer), and endocarp (inner layer). In some fruits, especially simple fruits derived from an inferior ovary, other parts of the flower (such as the floral tube, including the petals, sepals, and stamens), fuse with the ovary and ripen with it. The plant hormone ethylene causes ripening. When such other floral parts are a significant part of the fruit, it is called an accessory fruit. Since other parts of the flower may contribute to the structure of the fruit, it is important to study flower structure to understand how a particular fruit forms.[4]Fruits are so diverse that it is difficult to devise a classification scheme that includes all known fruits. Many common terms for seeds and fruit are incorrectly applied, a fact that complicates understanding of the terminology. Seeds are ripened ovules; fruits are the ripened ovaries or carpels that contain the seeds. To these two basic definitions can be added the clarification that in botanical terminology, a nut is not a type of fruit and not another term for seed, on the contrary to common terminology.[2]There are three basic types of fruits:Simple fruit Aggregate fruit Multiple fruit Simple fruitSimple fruits can be either dry or fleshy and result from the ripening of a simple or compound ovary with only one pistil. Dry fruits may be either dehiscent (opening to discharge seeds), or indehiscent (not opening to discharge seeds).[12] Types of dry, simple fruits (with examples) are:achene - (buttercup) capsule - (Brazil nut) caryopsis - (wheat) fibrous drupe - (coconut, walnut) follicle - (milkweed) legume - (pea, bean, peanut) loment nut - (hazelnut, beech, oak acorn) samara - (elm, ash, maple key) schizocarp - (carrot) silique - (radish) silicle - (shepherd's purse) utricle - (beet) Fruits in which part or all of the pericarp (fruit wall) is fleshy at maturity are simple fleshy fruits. Types of fleshy, simple fruits (with examples) are:berry - (redcurrant, gooseberry, tomato, avocado) stone fruit or drupe (plum, cherry, peach, apricot, olive) false berry - Epigynous accessory fruits (banana, cranberry) pome - accessory fruits (apple, pear, rosehip) Aggregate fruitAn aggregate fruit, or etaerio, develops from a flower with numerous simple pistils.[13] An example is the raspberry, whose simple fruits are termed drupelets because each is like a small drupe attached to the receptacle. In some bramble fruits (such as blackberry) the receptacle is elongated and part of the ripe fruit, making the blackberry an aggregate-accessory fruit.[14] The strawberry is also an aggregate-accessory fruit, only one in which the seeds are contained in achenes.[15] In all these examples, the fruit develops from a single flower with numerous pistils.Some kinds of aggregate fruits are called berries, yet in the botanical sense they are not.[edit] Multiple fruitMain article: Multiple fruitA multiple fruit is one formed from a cluster of flowers (called an inflorescence). Each flower produces a fruit, but these mature into a single mass.[16] Examples are the pineapple, edible fig, mulberry, osage-orange, and breadfruit.In the photograph on the right, stages of flowering and fruit development in the noni or Indian mulberry (Morinda citrifolia) can be observed on a single branch. First an inflorescence of white flowers called a head is produced. After fertilization, each flower develops into a drupe, and as the drupes expand, they become connate (merge) into a multiple fleshy fruit called a syncarpet.[17]There are also many dry multiple fruits, e.g.Tuliptree, multiple of samaras. Sweet gum, multiple of capsules. Sycamore and teasel, multiple of achenes. Magnolia, multiple of follicles. [edit] Fruit chartTo summarize common types of fruit:Berry -- simple fruit and seeds created from a single ovary Pepo -- Berries where the skin is hardened, like cucurbits Hesperidium -- Berries with a rind, like most citrus fruit False berries -- Epigynous fruit made from a part of the plant other than a single ovary Compound fruit, which includes: Aggregate fruit -- multiple fruits with seeds from different ovaries of a single flower Multiple fruit -- fruits of separate flowers, packed closely together Other accessory fruit -- where the edible part is not generated by the ovary Seedless fruitsSeedlessness is an important feature of some fruits of commerce. Commercial cultivars of bananas and pineapples are examples of seedless fruits. Some cultivars of citrus fruits (especially navel oranges and mandarin oranges), table grapes, grapefruit, and watermelons are valued for their seedlessness. In some species, seedlessness is the result of parthenocarpy, where fruits set without fertilization. Parthenocarpic fruit set may or may not require pollination. Most seedless citrus fruits require a pollination stimulus; bananas and pineapples do not. Seedlessness in table grapes results from the abortion of the embryonic plant that is produced by fertilization, a phenomenon known as stenospermocarpy which requires normal pollination and fertilization.[5][edit] Seed disseminationVariations in fruit structures largely depend on the mode of dispersal of the seeds they contain. This dispersal can be achieved by animals, wind, water, or explosive dehiscence.[18]Some fruits have coats covered with spikes or hooked burrs, either to prevent themselves from being eaten by animals or to stick to the hairs, feathers or legs of animals, using them as dispersal agents. Examples include cocklebur and unicorn plant.[19][20]The sweet flesh of many fruits is deliberately appealing to animals, so that the seeds held within are eaten and unwittingly carried away and deposited at a distance from the parent. Likewise, the nutritious, oily kernels of nuts are appealing to rodents (such as squirrels) who hoard them in the soil in order to avoid starving during the winter, thus giving those seeds that remain uneaten the chance to germinate and grow into a new plant away from their parent.[2]Other fruits are elongated and flattened out naturally and so become thin, like wings or helicopter blades, e.g. maple, tuliptree and elm. This is an evolutionary mechanism to increase dispersal distance away from the parent via wind. Other wind-dispersed fruit have tiny parachutes, e.g. dandelion and salsify.[18]Coconut fruits can float thousands of miles in the ocean to spread seeds. Some other fruits that can disperse via water are nipa palm and screw pine.[18]Some fruits fling seeds substantial distances (up to 100 m in sandbox tree) via explosive dehiscence or other mechanisms, e.g. impatiens and squirting cucumberUsesMany hundreds of fruits, including fleshy fruits like apple, peach, pear, kiwifruit, watermelon and mango are commercially valuable as human food, eaten both fresh and as jams, marmalade and other preserves. Fruits are also in manufactured foods like cookies, muffins, yoghurt, ice cream, cakes, and many more. Many fruits are used to make beverages, such as fruit juices (orange juice, apple juice, grape juice, etc) or alcoholic beverages, such as wine or brandy.[22] Apples are often used to make vinegar.Many vegetables are botanical fruits, including tomato, bell pepper, eggplant, okra, squash, pumpkin, green bean, cucumber and zucchini.[23] Olive fruit is pressed for olive oil. Spices like vanilla, paprika, allspice and black pepper are derived from berries.[24][edit] Nutritional valueFruits are generally high in fiber, water and vitamin C. Fruits also contain various phytochemicals that do not yet have an RDA\\\/RDI listing under most nutritional factsheets, and which research indicates are required for proper long-term cellular health and disease prevention.[1] Regular consumption of fruit is associated with reduced risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, Alzheimer disease, cataracts, and some of the functional declines associated with aging.[2][edit] Nonfood usesBecause fruits have been such a major part of the human diet, different cultures have developed many different uses for various fruits that they do not depend on as being edible. Many dry fruits are used as decorations or in dried flower arrangements, such as unicorn plant, lotus, wheat, annual honesty and milkweed. Ornamental trees and shrubs are often cultivated for their colorful fruits, including holly, pyracantha, viburnum, skimmia, beautyberry and cotoneaster.[25]Fruits of opium poppy are the source of the drugs opium and morphine.[26] Osage orange fruits are used to repel cockroaches.[27] Bayberry fruits provide a wax often used to make candles.[28] Many fruits provide natural dyes, e.g. walnut, sumac, cherry and mulberry.[29] Dried gourds are used as decorations, water jugs, bird houses, musical instruments, cups and dishes. Pumpkins are carved into Jack-o'-lanterns for Halloween. The spiny fruit of burdock or cocklebur were the inspiration for the invention of Velcro.[30]Coir is a fibre from the fruit of coconut that is used for doormats, brushes, mattresses, floortiles, sacking, insulation and as a growing medium for container plants. The shell of the coconut fruit is used to make souvenir heads, cups, bowls, musical instruments and bird houses.[31]



