世界名著英文版读后感
The novel opens with the famous line, It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.. and ends with two marriages: Jane and Bingley's, as well as Darcy and Elizabeth's. Both couples are assumed to live happily ever after.Elizabeth (Lizzy) Bennet is the core of the family. Elizabeth is the second of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet's five daughters, and is an intelligent, bold, attractive twenty-year-old when the story begins. In addition to being her father's favourite, Elizabeth is characterized as a sensible, yet stubborn, woman. Misled by his cold outward behaviour, Elizabeth originally holds Mr. Darcy in contempt. However, she finds that Mr. Darcy improves on acquaintance, more so than she would expect.Fitzwilliam Darcy (commonly known as Mr. Darcy) is the central male character and Elizabeth's second love interest in the novel. He is an intelligent, wealthy, extremely handsome and reserved 28-year-old man, who often appears haughty or proud to strangers but possesses an honest and kind nature underneath. Initially, he considers Elizabeth his social inferior, unworthy of his attention, but he finds that, despite his inclinations, he cannot deny his feelings for Elizabeth. His initial proposal of marriage is rejected because of his pride and Elizabeth's prejudice against him; however, at the end of the novel, after their relationship has blossomed, he is happily engaged to a loving Elizabeth.Role of women in the 18th centuryIn late-18th-century England, women were relegated to secondary roles in society with respect to property and social responsibilities. For example, women were not permitted to visit new arrivals to the neighbourhood (such as Mr. Bingley in Pride and Prejudice) until the male head of their household had first done so. Women were under enormous pressure to marry for the purpose of securing their financial futures and making valuable social connections for their families. Therefore, marriage, though romanticised, was in many ways a financial transaction and social alliance rather than a matter of love. Although Jane Austen did not condone loveless marriages (she stayed single all her life), she did approve of matches having equality in various respects, including wealth, social status, love and character. In Pride and Prejudice, wealth, social status, chastity (and the perception of chastity) and physical attractiveness are depicted as factors affecting a woman's chances for a good marriage.Published in 1925, The Great Gatsby became an immediate classic and propelled its young author to a fame he never again equalled. The novel captured the spirit of the Jazz Age, a post-World War I era in upper-class America that Fitzgerald himself gave this name to, and the flamboyance of the author and his wife Zelda as they moved about Europe with other American expatriate writers (such as Ernest Hemingway). However, Gatsby expresses more than the exuberance of the times. It depicts the restlessness of what Gertrude Stein (another expatriate modernist writer) called a lost generation. Recalling T. S. Eliot's landmark poem The Wasteland (1922), then, Gatsby also has its own valley of ashes or wasteland where men move about obscurely in the dust, and this imagery of decay, death, and corruption pervades the novel and infects the story and its hero too. Because the novel is not just about one man, James Gatz or Jay Gatsby, but about aspects of the human condition of an era, and themes that transcend time altogether, it is the stuff of myth. Gatsby's attempts to attain an ideal of himself and then to put this ideal to the service of another ideal, romantic love, are attempts to rise above corruption in all its forms. It is this quality in him that Nick Carraway, the novel's narrator, attempts to portray, and in so doing the novel, like its hero, attains a form of enduring greatness.The novel is narrated in retrospect; Nick is writing the account two years after the events of the summer he describes, and this introduces a critical distance and perspective which is conveyed through occasional comments about the story he is telling and how it must appear to a reader. The time scheme of the novel is further complicated as the history of that summer of 1922 contains within it the story of another summer, five years before this one, when Gatsby and Daisy first courted. This is the story that Jordan tells Nick. As that earlier summer ended with Gatsby's departure for the war in the fall, so the summer of Nick's experience of the East ends with the crisis on the last hot day (the day of mint juleps in the hotel and Myrtle Wilson's death) and is followed by Gatsby's murder by George Wilson on the first day of fall. This seasonal calendar is more than just a parallel, however. It is a metaphor for the blooming and blasting of love and of hope, like the flowers so often mentioned. Similarly, the novel's elaborate use of light and dark imagery (light, darkness, sunshine, and shadow, and the in-between changes of twilight) symbolizes emotional states as well.红字The Scarlet Letter attained an immediate and lasting success because it addressed spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. In 1850, adultery was an extremely risqué subject, but because Hawthorne had the support of the New England literary establishment, it passed easily into the realm of appropriate reading. It has been said that this work represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.[6] Another consideration to note having to do with the book's popularity is that it was one of the first mass-produced books in America. Into the mid-nineteenth century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, 2,500 volumes, sold out immediately, was widely read and discussed to an extent not much experienced in the young country up until that time. Copies of the first edition are often sought by collectors as rare books, and may fetch up to around $6,000 USD.远离尘嚣Much of the plot of Far from the Madding Crowd depends on unrequited love — love by one person for another that is not mutual in that the other person does not feel love in return. The novel is driven, from the first few chapters, by Gabriel Oak's love for Bathsheba. Once he has lost his farm, he is free to wander anywhere in search of work, but he heads to Weatherbury because it is in the direction that Bathsheba has gone. This move leads to Oak's employment at Bathsheba's farm, where he patiently consoles her in her troubles and supports her in tending the farm, with no sign he will ever have his love returned.This novel focuses on the way that catastrophe can occur at any time, threatening to change lives. The most obvious example occurs when Oak's flock of sheep is destroyed by an unlikely confluence of circumstances, including an inexperienced sheep dog, a rotted rail, and a chalk pit that happens to have been dug adjacent to his land. In one night, Oak's future as an independent farmer is destroyed, and he ends up begging just to secure the diminished position of a shepherd.This novel offers modern readers a clear picture of how important social position was in England in the nineteenth century and of the opportunities that existed to change class, in either direction. In the beginning, Oak and Bathsheba are social equals: he is an independent farmer who rents his land, and she lives on her aunt's farm next door to his, which is presumably similar in value. The only thing that keeps her from accepting his proposal of marriage is the fact that she just does not want to be married yet. After Oak loses his farm and Bathsheba inherits her uncle's farm, there is little question of whether they can marry — their social positions are too different. She is more socially compatible with Boldwood, who owns the farm next to hers and is in a similar social position.
名著中英文读后感对照
Sense and Sensibility was the first novel Jane Austen published. Though she initially called it Elinor and Marianne, Austen jettisoned both the title and the epistolary mode in which it was originally written, but kept the essential theme： the necessity of finding a workable middle ground between passion and reason. The story revolves around the Dashwood sisters, Elinor and Marianne. Whereas the former is a sensible, rational creature, her younger sister is wildly romantic——a characteristic that offers Austen plenty of scope for both satire and compassion. Commenting on Edward Ferraris, a potential suitor for Elinor's hand, Marianne admits that while she loves him tenderly, she finds him disappointing as a possible lover for her sister. Soon however, Marianne meets a man who measures up to her ideal： Mr. Willoughby, a new neighbor. So swept away by passion is Marianne that her behavior begins to border on the scandalous. Then Willoughby abandons her； Meanwhile, Elinor's growing affection for Edward suffers a check when he admits he is secretly engaged to a childhood sweetheart. How each of the sisters reacts to their romantic misfortunes, and the lessons they draw before coming finally to the requisite happy ending forms the heart of the novel. Though Marianne's disregard for social conventions and willingness to consider the world well-lost for love may appeal to modern readers, it is Elinor whom Austen herself most evidently admired； a truly happy marriage, she shows us, exists only where sense and sensibility meet and mix in proper measure. 理智与情感是简奥斯汀出版的第一本小说。
虽然她最初称之为埃利诺哈马和玛丽安，但奥斯汀放弃了最初的书面标题和书信方式，但保持了基本主题：在激情与理性之间必须找到一种可行的中间地带。
故事围绕Dashwood姐妹，埃利诺和玛丽安，前者是明智的，理性的人，她的妹妹是疯狂浪漫的——这个人物，它给了奥斯汀大量的机会来进行讽刺和同情。
评论爱德华法拉利，一个潜在的埃利诺的追求者，玛丽安坦承，虽然她“爱他的温柔， ”她认为他令人失望的是他可能的爱人是她的妹妹。
然而不久，一名男子符合玛丽安的理想标准：威洛比，一个新的邻居。
所以激动地冲到玛丽安对她说，她的行为开始跨越边界的丑闻。
然而威洛比放弃了她;与此同时，埃利诺对爱德华日益增长的感情经受了考验，他承认他秘密与童年的心上人定终身了。
两个姐妹反应他们的浪漫的不幸，并吸取经验教训，她们终于在未来皆大欢喜的核心形式的小说。
虽然玛丽安无视社会公约，想要让现代读者知道世界上的失去爱情也可发生在他们身上，埃利诺明显是奥斯丁本人最钦佩的;一个真正幸福的婚姻，她告诉我们，只有理性与感性满足并以适当的方式混合时才存在。
世界名著《飘》的读后感。
读《飘》遐思----》读后感 我不得认，自己读的书确实，尤其是名著、世界名著。
校时，匆匆地读《茶花女》、《红与黑》等，也许是由于文学素养的浅薄，或是世界观的差异，它们并没有带给我多大的震撼。
暑假时，友人推荐我读一下《飘》，当时还记得她很神秘，开玩笑地说了声：“读完了，你会改变你的择偶观呦
” 花了一个月的时间看完了它，很惭愧自己像老牛走路似的看书速度，却也不敢恭维自己看得有多精。
读完后，心里有股淡淡的惆怅感觉，朦胧中，总觉得自己身上依稀有思嘉的身影。
读完《飘》，它确实给了我很大的震撼，更唤起我对过去的懊悔。
同时，对书中的描述的人生、友情、爱情，我也感触颇多。
关于人生的善与恶，我不敢妄加评论，因为，毕竟我走的人生路还不及三分之一。
十六岁的我，想法也许是很幼稚的。
《飘》中女主人公思嘉·奥哈拉并不是传统观念的好女人，她有着迷人的外貌、聪慧的头脑、坚强的内心、果敢的行为。
同时，她也骄傲、贪婪、虚荣、追求实际，甚至曾经有过为了达到目的而不择手段，她渴望爱情，不顾一切世俗观念，勇敢地追求自己的爱。
但当感情和现实利益相冲突时，她毅然将经济需求放在首位。
如果说我佩服思嘉，那我更衷情于瑞德，因为我也同样的崇高自由，他的豪放不羁，他的现实，他的勇敢，都传神地说明了他在乱世社会中成长的一个人才，是在乱世生存与发展的强者，强者应适应任何一个社会，这也成了一个亘古不变的道理。
在经济社会中对精神的取舍，在面对新生事物时，是适应还是回避
思索过后，相信我们会有更多的启发
谈到友情，虽然在《飘》中，作者并没有极力去描写友情，但媚兰对朋友的这份友情仍然是让我羡慕不已。
记得桑费有句话：“朋友有三种：爱你的朋友、恨你的朋友、忘记你的朋友。
”我想媚兰就是那种爱思嘉的朋友。
她对思嘉感恩、感激，甚至为了她可以去死，她的真心在临死前终于让思嘉明白她是她唯一的真正朋友。
在人的一生当中，谁能没有朋友
有几个真正的朋友便成了人一生最珍贵的东西。
对待朋友，最好也是最真的办法--那就是真心
读完了整本书，我也摘出了最喜爱的两句话： “美貌并不能使人高尚，衣着也不能使人尊贵。
”--警告贪慕虚荣的人。
“我向来不是那样的人，不能耐心地拾起一些碎片，把他们黏合在一起，然后对自己说这个修补好了的东西跟新的一模一样，一样东西破碎了就是破碎了一一我宁愿记住它最好时的模样，而不想把它修补好，然后终生看着那些碎了的地方”。
一遍匆匆的略读，并不能体味多少真谛，也许，等我再读几遍时，会有更多的收获吧。
谁能写出两篇读后感
一定要世界名著的 两篇。
急需。
。
。
。
600字左右就好。
。
。
太多不要
高老头：其实这本书真正的主人公是一个叫拉斯蒂沃的年轻人。
拉斯蒂沃是一个贫穷的大学生，一心想出人头地。
租住在一个有很多人合租的公寓里面。
结识了同住在一起的高老头，高老头原本很有钱，那时人们都叫他高里奥先生，后来高里奥先生落魄了，人们就叫他高老头了。
那么，是什么原因导致的这一切呢
拉斯蒂沃在上流社会的宴会上结识了两位夫人，一位是某贵族的夫人，一位是银行家的夫人，两个人是姐妹。
随后拉斯蒂沃吃惊地发现原来高老头就是这两位夫人的亲生父亲。
正是因为高老头对自己女儿的百般溺爱，她们出嫁时他给了她们两个各80万法郎的陪嫁。
随后这两个女人又以各种方式不断地向父亲要钱，最终榨干了自己的父亲。
拉斯蒂沃看到高老头的窘迫和惨况，还幻想着这两个女人回前来帮高老头一把。
可是现实中给了他冰冷的一击。
高老头在孤独中死去后，拉斯蒂沃去向这两个女人讨一副棺材都讨不到。
甚至小女儿在得知父亲的死讯后，原本掉了几滴眼泪，可一想到自己还要去参加舞会，怕弄花了妆就不哭了（太让人心寒了）。
拉斯蒂沃终于看透了这个金钱社会，为了不落到高老头一样的悲惨结局，最后决定不择一切手段要往上爬……书中最精彩的一段当属伏脱冷的故事。
伏脱冷是一个逃犯，某帮会的老大，他看拉斯蒂沃天资不错，想让拉斯蒂沃做他的继承人，不过拉斯蒂沃拒绝了。
随后他也被捕了。
那段他劝说拉斯蒂沃的话非常实在，可以说是对高老头境遇的一个极好的注解。
红字：作者：（美）霍桑。
类型：道德批判。
故事一开始是一间牢房。
一位面容美丽的少妇，怀抱着一个女婴，走出了牢房。
少妇名叫海丝特，在她的丈夫外出的时候。
她和别人有了私情，因而被关了起来。
她怀中的婴儿，就是她和奸夫所生的私生女。
出狱后的海丝特受尽世人唾骂，她始终不肯供出奸夫是谁。
她的丈夫也一直没有出现。
她过着贫困的日子，靠给人缝补衣服挣一些钱贴补，女婴渐渐长大，取名叫珠儿。
一晃珠儿七岁了，因为从小过着与世隔绝的生活，所以对宗教怀着一种淡漠的态度，这令当地的神父大为不满。
珠儿也没有伙伴，只有一位牧师常来帮助她们，不过这位牧师在心中对珠儿怀着一种恐惧，怕人们在珠儿那张清秀的面孔上看出他的影子来（原来他就是……）。
海丝特的丈夫隐姓埋名回到了这里。
他发誓要报复，并很快查清了事情的真相。
并不断对牧师进行精神上的折磨。
最终，牧师战胜了自己的懦弱，承认了自己所犯的罪过，明明是两个人的错误，不应该让海丝特一个人来承担。
牧师死在了自己最爱的人的怀里。
完成了报复的海丝特的丈夫也很快失去了生活的目标，不久就故去了。
人们对海丝特的态度也渐渐地友善了，人们说，海丝特背后的红色A字代表的不是通奸，而是Angel的意思。
海丝特的丈夫很有钱，他没有将遗产留给海丝特。
而是将所有的钱留给了珠儿（让人欣慰啊）。
珠儿变成了那个地方最有钱的人，后来珠儿离开了那个地方，过得平安幸福。
而海丝特一生都留在那里，因为那里有她的耻辱。
并且一直戴着那个红字，默默地做着善事。
终身未再嫁。
求一篇500字英语名著读后感，，，用英语写的哦
汤姆历险记I believe that one of the factors that makes a piece of literature or even a movie a masterpiece is how well the reader can relate to the story. This is definitely a book everyone can relate to. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a literary masterpieces, written in 1876 by the famous author Mark Twain. Tom Sawyer is a mischievous young boy who lives in the small town on the Mississippi River called St. Petersburg. The story line is simple, the book reads like a biography or a memoir of a summer in Tom Sawyer's life. Tom Sawyer seems to be the precursor of and the template for misfit kids such as Dennis the Menace, Malcolm in the Middle, and Calvin and Hobbs. What makes this story great is that Tom Sawyer represents everything that is great about childhood. The book is filled with Tom's adventures playing pirates and war with his friend Joe Harper. Tom has a trusted friend, Huck Finn, who few of the adults approve of. The book is filled with ideas of how the world works, such as how pirates and robbers work, that are so innocent, they could only come from a child. It is a story filled with action, adventure, ingenious ideas, love, and schoolyard politics. The whole story is seemingly a complication of what people did or wish they did during their childhood. The book is a little difficult to read at first. Personally, it takes me a little while to get used to the 19th century dialect in the book. Other than referring to persons of African decent in derogatory terms (which I'm sure uses terms even young children already know), the book would be an enjoyable read for people of all ages. I highly recommend this book for anyone looking to feel young again, if just for a few hundred pages.伊索寓言 Aesop's Fables, Du Hougan If the world is a Marine, then I this is a small fish in the ocean, despite the sea in my book free to travel. One day, I found a bright Linlang Shanzhao as shiny pearl, this pearl is Aesop's Fables. I上上下下Daliang End The pearl, also found that these pearls of a major feature - on the one moving story, the story of Huanbaohanzhe all kinds of profound truth. I found a The monkeys lying, the story is this: a love of monkeys lying to Athens on board, the boat was on the storm's attack, turned the boat. Dolphins are very much like a human conversation, access to knowledge. Dolphins to Monkeys as human care on the surface of the water, and chat with monkeys, monkeys and in conversations with the lying, exposed the dolphins were indignant after the dolphins, monkeys put up sea, drowned. This is fable to tell us that life, must not lie , Lying and who will therefore be retribution! Therefore, we have to do an honest person, so that we can into it, the lives of the masses, so that would not be despised by the people of the world! As the saying goes well: Honesty is the golden key to the door of knowledge. So, honestly treat people, equivalent to respect other people! Aesop's Fables is a world known as the King of a novel, moving it to one interesting story, describing the text included in a number of knowledge and truth, I see a return to taste, Aha ! Not blowing, this book and China's four famous are evenly matched, can really Niua! I still remember the author of the book Aesop said such a sentence: the United States over the wisdom of the body of the United States. Yes Ah, some people devoted to the appearance of the axis origin, the United States is now the one, the ugly one is negative, they absolutely do not know is that the U.S. is the real heart of the United States. I think that, like Aesop's Fables symbolic of this knowledge, better than the aesthetic, you say which » Now, I have long to The pearl Treasures in mind, the impression that it is always reverberated in my mind! I love you - Aesop's Fables! 《伊索寓言》读后感 若书的世界是一片海洋，那我便是这片海洋中的一条小鱼，任凭我在书海中自由自在地遨游。
有一天，我发现了一颗闪着璀璨琳琅般光泽的珍珠，这颗珍珠便是《伊索寓言》
我上上下下“打量”完这颗“珍珠”时，又发现了这“珍珠的一大特点——讲述着一个个动人的故事，故事中还包含着种种深刻的道理。
我找到了一篇《说谎的猴子》，故事是这样的：一个爱说谎的猴子上船去雅典，可船在路上遭到了暴风雨的袭击，翻了船。
有一条海豚十分喜欢与人类交谈，从而获取知识。
海豚把猴子当作人类托上水面，并与猴子交谈，交谈中猴子又在说谎，被海豚揭穿后海豚愤愤不平，便把猴子弄下海，淹死了。
这则寓言要告诉我们，做人，千万不能说谎，说谎的人也会因此而受到报应
所以我们要做一个诚实的人，这样，才能使其融入到大家、群众的生活中去；这样，才不会被世人鄙视
俗话说得好：“诚实是通往知识大门的金钥匙。
”所以，诚实待人，等于尊重别人
《伊索寓言》是一本世人称之为“书王”的一本名著，它以其中动人有趣的故事，述说了包含在文内的一些知识与道理，我亲身品味了一回，啊哈
不是吹的，这本书与我国的四大名著势均力敌，可真牛啊
我还记得本书的作者“伊索”说过这么一句话：“智慧的美胜过形体的美。
”不错啊，有些人专门以外表为数轴上的原点，美的是正的一列，丑的是负的一列，可他们万万不知道的是内心的美才是真正的美。
我认为，像《伊索寓言》这种知识象征性书，胜过于美学，您说哪
如今，我早已把这颗“珍珠”珍藏在心，可它的印象，却时时在我的脑中回荡
我爱你——《伊索寓言》 Tess of the D'urbevilles 长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名小说家和诗人托马斯·哈代（1840－1928）的代表作 yesterday, I read the novel called Tess of the D'urbevilles. written by a famous Englishwriter Thomas Hardy. The novel tells a story about a pretty and good girl called Tess, who lived in a village in Marlott. To her sadness, when she was seventeen, she was no longer a pure and untouched girl. She gave birth to a baby, which didn't live long. So Tess changed from a pure gir l to a grown —up. Because she was the eldest of the 7 children in the family, she found a job to support the whole family in a dairy.There she knew Angel and married him. But unluckily. when Angel knew her sad story, he left her and went to Brazil.Tess led a hard an d lonely life after that. Later when she knew Angel had retumed home and found out that she was living with the man who had given the damage to her before,Tess couldn't accept the fact and killed the man who was living with her. Then she escaped and spent together with Angel three days and nights. The police found them on the moming of the fourth day. A few days later, Tess was executed. Having read this novel, I like the heroine very much because of her purity, warmness, nobility and the spirit of devotion, She dared to fight against the evil, bravely seek and sturggle for the rights of love. Thomas Hardy was famous for the poetical novels. Tess of the D'urbevillesis one of this kind. The novel is so fresh that it is nearly like a poem. For nearly a century, it has been popular with the people all over the world. 哈姆雷特读后感 shakspere (wrong spelling) created hamlet--a man with wisdom and courage .in order to revenge on his uncle for killing his father, he pretented (spelling mistake) to be mad and suffered a series of misery. on the contrary, we can also say that hamlet is rude and selfish for he did not think twice before his revenge . if (capitalize if since it is the beginning word of the sentence.) a country has no king, how can a country keep alive (you need a question mark here since it is a question.) so, every thing has two sides, the bright side and adumbral side. every time we make a decision we have to think twice. comment: be careful with your spelling, grammar, and punctuation. too many uncessary mistakes. it is good that you looked at both the dark and bright sides of hamlet. thats quite objective and convincing.
英语名著读后感
英著读书笔记 英语读书笔记一 《TheAdventuresofTomSawyer》汤姆索亚历感： TheAdventuresofTomSawyerisAmericanfamousliterarygiantMarkTwaintakehisyouthasthemainsubjecttowrote. TomSawyerandhisbestfriend,HuckFinn,tellstories,fish,andpretendtobepiratesalongthebanksoftheMississippiRiver.Thentheybecomereal-lifewitnessestoaterriblecrime!WhetherTomisrunningawayfromvillains,treasurehunting,orshowingoffforBeckyThatcher,itsonethrillingescapadeafteranother.StoryleadingTomsnaivecharacter,islivelyandthealsomischievousmodelUSyouths.Heandtheurchinsummergram, respectivelymadethewonderfulmatterwhichoneburstoutlaughing.IspunishedlikeTomwhitewashesthefence,unexpectedlyexecutestheclevertrick,notonlycausesotherchildtobewillingtoreplacehimtowork,butalsoautomaticallyoffersthethank-yougift.AfterwardswentwithXiaKetaotothedesertisland,thepeoplethoughttheyweredrowntodeath,thechurchhavebeenholdingthemourningritualforthem,buttheyactuallyhidinthechurchbelltowerlistensecretly.Thesemischievousactions,althoughc
求一篇名著的英文读后感 最好原创，最近写的，不要网上一搜就能搜到的，字数不用太多150左右就可以了。
急
《契诃夫短篇小说选》是‘语文新课程标准必读’系列书中之一，书中精选了俄国最伟大的短篇小说巨匠契诃夫的《套中人》《小公务员之死》《变色龙》《万卡》《挂在脖子上的安娜》等17代表作。
与其他的书不一样的地方，这本书多了‘书海导航’‘导读’‘赏析’‘思考’，导读有利于我们理解书中内容，赏析让我们学习大作家的笔法，思考使我们提高阅读分析能力。
为学习大师的笔法，我用记叙文的六大要素：时间、地点、人物、开端、发展、高潮，对照了书中的篇章，我发现每篇的开头都不相同，有写景特的，的开门见山的，有写人物的，有写感想的……我最真敬佩作者的人物描写，他善于用一个个细节，一句句的对话把人物刻划出来后，最后让人深思。
但我对《契诃夫短篇小说选》有这么一个感觉，好象不适于小学生去阅读，书中主人翁很少是小孩，书中的内容大多是丑恶、无聊、拍马、虚荣等反面的故事，很少有理想、爱心、励志、互助等等正面教育。
也许是看了很多的有正面教育的童书的缘果吧
我总觉这本书不是童书，过早地给天真单纯的学生烙下了社会中阴暗的烙印好像不太适合吧
不过书中的‘渴睡’和‘万卡’还是给我留下了很深印象，我喜欢读它们，因为其主角万卡和瓦丽卡都是小孩，而且他们都是孤儿，跟我一样没有父母在身边。
读了万卡做学徒时写给爷爷的那封信中的话：“亲爱的爷爷，你带我回家吧
等我长大了，我会报答您，好好地养活您
”我感动地流下了泪，这不是当奶奶重病时我要离开爷爷家全托时，我想说的话吗
当我看到瓦丽卡在摇摇篮时做梦时，被主人狠狠打了后脑，拧了耳朵；当我看到瓦丽卡要生炉子、烧茶炊、刷雨鞋、洗台阶、收拾房间、生炉火、买东西，一刻也不停地干活时；当我看她多么想钻到雨鞋中躺一下，削土豆时刀子也掉下来时；当我看到天黑了，主人命令她：“瓦丽卡，摇娃娃”时，我流泪了，瓦丽卡啊
你多可怜啊
连睡觉的自由也被剥夺了。
以前我总觉得世界不公平，同学们都有父母在身边，唯我留守在爷爷家中，对照瓦丽卡，我一天要睡10个小时，真是身在福中不知福啊
世界名著《变形计》的内容梗概以及读后感
《变形记》（德语Die Verwandlung，英语The Metamorphoses）卡夫卡短篇代表作，是卡氏艺术上的最高成就，被认为是20世纪最伟大的小说作品之一。
创作于1912年，发表于1915年。
格里高尔变甲虫后的心理变化大致是这样的：a 格里高尔突然发现自己变成大甲虫
他惊慌、忧郁。
他回忆过去的生活，怨恨自己的“累人的差使”，为还清父债而苦干。
他清醒地想到起床，赶车上班去。
父亲发现他变成大甲虫，露出一副恶狠狠的样子，赶他回卧室。
他谦恭地恳求，尽快回屋，免得父亲生气。
他忍辱负重，还不忘顺从父亲。
b 为家庭经济状况焦虑，自我责备。
格里高尔失业在家，过着甲虫生活，只能爬来爬去。
但是，他为家庭经济状况焦虑，还想着给妹妹实现“美梦”。
他想着，父亲老了，母亲生病，妹妹还只有17岁。
他一听到家人出去做工挣钱，就“羞赧和伤心得浑身燥热”。
他“受到了自责和忧愁的压抑”，“最后在绝望中，他觉得整个房间已经开始绕着他旋转起来，便掉下来摔在那张大桌子的中央”。
c 受重伤后，被亲人厌弃而绝望，心态走向平和。
一只苹果砸在背上，身受重伤，格里高尔终于被妹妹厌弃。
妹妹一再说“我们必须设法摆脱它”。
格里高尔“怀着深情和爱意回忆他的一家人。
他认为自己必须离开这里，他的这个意见也许比他妹妹的意见还坚决呢”。
格里高尔异常冷静，他在绝望而又平和的心境中死去。
面对变形，面对亲人厌弃，面对死亡，格里高尔惊慌、痛苦、绝望，最终平静地死去。
从这一点看，他还是一个清醒、坚强的人。
格里高尔的人格形象集中表现在两个方面，一是挣钱养家，显示他忠厚、善良而富有责任感的个性，一是争取自由，还清父债而追求时来运转，自由独立，最终在无奈与平和中追求另外一种超脱——死亡。
格里高尔同家人应该互相热爱，互相帮助。
可是，亲人们认为格里高尔不能再养家，把他看做累赘，最终抛弃了他。
格里高尔死去，亲人们也不悲痛，反而去郊游。
在资本主义社会，在机器生产和生存竞争的高压下，人被异化为非人，人的本性失落，甚至走向反面，人接受不了现实世界，现实世界容纳不了人。
格里高尔变成甲虫，这也是一种象征，象征人的异化，人性异化，人际关系异化。
在金钱和私利面前，小说表现了两种异化：格里高尔的异化，人变成甲虫，本性也变了，从挣钱还清父债、争取独立自由变为安于甲虫生活的自轻自贱；以妹妹为代表的亲人异化，亲情变成仇情，善良变成冷酷。
小说正是通过表现人的异化来反映资本主义制度摧残人性的社会本质。
荒诞、变形和写实的艺术手法小说描述了一个真实而荒诞的世界。
“真实”是因为作者用客观冷静的写实手法，描写了主人公变形前具体的生活细节和变形后逼真的心理状态，使人感到他所处的始终是一个真实的人的世界；“荒诞”是因为故事的整体框架是以象征手法构建起来的，这个故事框架——人变成虫的逻辑结构本身是非真实的，它只是用来寄寓人在哲理意义上的生存状态，而不是对外部生活的真实模仿。
作者不是让人们去接受人变成虫这一客观存在的事实，而是去体察和领悟其超现实的精神状态和深层心理 —情感，去寻求荒诞中的本质。
因此，人变成甲虫是人类精神世界遭致扭曲、异化的象征，是人与人之间的隔膜状态及其由隔膜所造成的孤独、绝望情感的折射。
格里高尔一夜间由人变成大甲虫，情节是荒诞的。
情节发展，他与家人的冲突，更是荒诞的。
甚至有的艺术细节也是荒诞的：一只苹果打在格里高尔的甲背上，陷了进去，一个多月，还烂在甲虫背上。
在日常生活中，一家人平平淡淡，温情脉脉，矛盾、人性都显示不出来。
养家人格里高尔突然变成甲虫，失业了，还成了累赘。
这个情节把矛盾激化了，冲突起来，个性、人性都立即显示出来。
文学艺术是虚构的艺术，作家大胆想像，虚构出荒诞的情节，推动人物之间的冲突，表现人物的个性。
母亲的无奈，父亲的狂怒，妹妹的厌弃，撕破了资本主义社会家庭表面温情脉脉的面纱，显示了人际关系的自私、冷漠和残酷，揭示了资本主义社会“人人为自己，上帝为大家”和弱肉强食、唯利是图的社会本质。
荒诞、变形的情节为什么在读者的体验、联想中觉得真实可信呢?这是因为作者在整体荒诞的情节中运用了细节真实和心理真实的手法。
写甲虫的行动，是符合甲虫的习性的；写甲虫的思想感情，是符合格里高尔这个人的言行逻辑的；写亲人的变化，也是符合社会生活的。
这种荒诞、变形的艺术构思和写实的叙述方法的结合，具有强烈的象征意味，使作品荒诞得令人震惊和信服。
另外，《变形记》还有自身独特的叙述语调。
在作品中，卡夫卡的叙述语调平静得近乎冷漠。
人变成甲虫，本来是一个凄惨而又令人触目惊心的故事，但作者以不动声色、不动感情、不加议论的平静笔调写出，给人一种似乎司空见惯、习以为常的感觉，这不禁更加令人警醒：当可怕变得平庸时，平庸就成为了更加可怕的事实。
由此激发读者去思索人的生存现状以及改变这现状的问题。
解析“异化”第一层含义是格里高尔由人到虫的“变形”，即生理“变形”。
它象征性地说明了社会环境对人构成的积压以及人承受不了超量的社会重负而走向人的反面。
第二层含义是由格里高尔的身体“变形”而产生的家庭经济状况和生活状态的“变形”，即经济“变形”。
第三层含义是由格里高尔生理“变形”和萨姆莎家经济“变形”所引起的格里高尔家人的心理“变形”。
它集中反映了西方社会环境的浊化、人际关系的恶化以及亲情关系的异化。
如果说第一层关系是因的话，那么第二层含义是果；若第一、二层含义是因的话，那么第三层含义是果。
这三层含义依次延伸、发展，构成“变形”含义的丰富性和多层次性。
情节和主题《变形记》创作于1912年，发表于1915年。
小说分成三部分，用一、二、三标明。
课文节选了原小说的一半内容。
第一部分，写格里高尔发现自己变成“巨大的甲虫”，惊慌而又忧郁。
父亲发现后大怒，把他赶回自己的卧室。
第二部分，格里高尔变了，养成了甲虫的生活习性，却保留了人的意识。
他失业了，仍旧关心怎样还清父亲欠的债务，送妹妹上音乐学院。
可是，一个月后，他成了全家的累赘。
父亲、母亲、妹妹对他改变了态度。
第三部分，为了生存，家人只得打工挣钱，忍受不了格里高尔这个负担。
妹妹终于提出把哥哥弄走。
格里高尔又饿又病，陷入绝望，“他怀着深情和爱意想他的一家人”，“然后他的头就不由自主地垂倒在地板上，鼻孔呼出了最后一丝气息”，死了。
父亲、母亲和妹妹开始过着自己养活自己的新生活。
情节的发展由两条线索交互展开：格里高尔：变成甲虫——成为累赘——绝望而死家里亲人：惊慌、同情——逐渐憎恨——“把他弄走”格里高尔自始至终关心家庭、怀恋亲人，可是亲人最终抛弃了他，对他的死无动于衷，而且决定去郊游。
作者描写这种人情反差，揭示了当时社会生活对人的异化，致使亲情淡薄，人性扭曲。
《变形记》的主题具有强烈的批判性。
卡夫卡创作的文学作品的主题，不同的读者从不同的角度，会有不同的体验和理解。
有人认为《变形记》的主题是：表现人对自己命运的无能为力，人失去自我就处于绝境。
也有人认为，格里高尔变成甲虫，无利于人，自行死亡；一家人重新工作，走向新生活；存在就是合理，生活规律是无情的。
