评价爱迪生
阿尔法狗，这个是音译的，念的快的话，就是这个英语单词的读音
有个新的赛车电影叫什么 不是速度与激情
不时最新的 似乎是2008年初的 叫 极速赛车手 下载搜索 影片介绍 影片改编自动画大师吉田龙夫(Tatsuo Yoshida)的经典系列动画作品。
在车道上飞速行驶、急转弯、冲过终点线……斯比德·瑞瑟仿佛已经和他的赛车融为一体，毫无疑问，他就是为了赛车而生的。
斯比德好斗、有侵略性，性格方面则有点冲动，一身傲骨，做事从不考虑后果--总之他拥有的是一个优秀的赛车手应具备的所有条件，再加上他的勇敢无畏，更是在赛车世界中无人能及。
即使赢得了无数个奖杯，但斯比德从不敢妄谈胜利，因为对于他来说，这个世界只有一个真正的赛车冠军，那就是被他视为偶像、只能活在记忆中的哥哥雷克斯·瑞瑟，这位非常有传奇色彩的赛车手在一次比赛中意外丧生，空留下了一个遗愿，等待着斯比德去完成。
斯比德一直醉心于由他的父亲波普斯·瑞瑟创造的家族赛车产业，就连他驾驶的“马赫5号”，也是波普斯亲自设计的……然而，随着斯比德毫不犹豫地拒绝了来自于罗伊尔顿产业的一次非常有诱惑力的加盟邀请，麻烦也接踵而来。
斯比德的回绝不仅彻底激怒了罗伊尔顿产业的拥有者罗伊尔顿先生，也让他发现了隐藏在大型赛事背后的可怕秘密：一些残忍无情的权势人物通过操纵顶级的赛车手在比赛中获胜，来达到不可告人的利益目的。
如果斯比德坚持不肯参加罗伊尔顿产业旗下的赛车队，罗伊尔顿先生扬言要让“马赫5号”永远在赛车场上消失。
对于斯比德来说，惟一能够挽救家族事业以及他所热爱的赛车运动的机会，就是利用罗伊尔顿先生操纵的游戏回击他……在家人和美丽的女友特里克茜的支持下，斯比德和他以前的竞争对手--充满神秘感的“瑞瑟X”联手，誓要在夺走他哥哥生命的比赛中获胜，那是一个被称为“严酷的考验”、需要穿越整个国家的死亡挑战赛。
幕后制作 【重新发动“马赫5号”】 《黑客帝国》三部曲的缔造者……同时分别将触角伸进编剧、导演和制片界的拉里·沃卓斯基、安迪·沃卓斯基兄弟俩，继续使用他们那非常有招牌意义的制作方式，再度重新定义了动作电影类型的规范--通常情况下，他们惯用的手法就是将一种多层次的讲故事方式结合进华丽且夺人眼球的视觉特效当中。
将经典的卡通系列电视剧《急速赛车》改编成电影，对于沃卓斯基兄弟二人来说正好是一个千载难逢的好机会，他们不但能够重新扩展这个不朽的经典的影响范畴，还可以借此让覆盖面更为广泛的观众走进他们的电影世界当中。
跟随着沃卓斯基兄弟一路从《黑客帝国》系列走进《急速赛车》的赛车世界的制片人乔·西尔沃说：“在《黑客帝国》系列中，沃卓斯基哥俩创造的是一种视觉风格，足以让任何一个看过影片的人，改变之前对动作电影的意识形态，因为你从中看到的，虽然确确实实发生在电影工业中，可那同时也是你永远无法想象得到的东西。
而他们之所以产生了改编《急速赛车》的想法，就证明他们已经做好准备，想再一次改变你观影的方式和认知，他们那永远都不知道疲倦的脑袋里又冒出了一系列全新的概念，想借用在跑道上急速飞驰的赛车的壮观景象，讲述一个励志类的运动故事，然后以一种你从未见到过的奇幻动作场景呈现出来……沃卓斯基兄弟仍然忠诚地维护着CGI与真人表演结合的电影技巧，继续随心所欲地打破传统，他们制作影片的目的就在于，推动整个电影系统的运作周期。
” 听了乔·西尔沃的话，另一位制片人格兰特·希尔也决定提供一个信息：“原著《急速赛车》几乎就是陪着沃卓斯基兄弟两人长大的，所以他们最感兴趣的电影行为之一，就是将他们的‘最爱’改编成一部拥有着强烈的动力的家庭作品。
沃卓斯基兄弟一直心怀着一个夙愿，想从冷冰冰的科技时代稍稍回身，制作一部适合全家人观看的家庭电影，就当是留给侄子侄女的一个可以永久保留的礼物。
”西尔沃则补充道：“当我看到了他们改编完成的剧本时，发现整个故事变成了一种纯粹的‘家庭聚会’，虽然与他们以往的风格稍有不符，却维持住了原著的基本组成结构，在这个基础上，再让主角斯比德·瑞瑟和他的家人开始一场全新的历险……《急速赛车》这部影片是拍给所有人看的，里面有伟大的角色，鼓舞人心的系列动作场面，当然，还有影迷们最为期待的电脑特效。
” 【功夫赛车】 电影版《急速赛车》截取的是斯比德·瑞瑟生命中一段完整的经历，即他是如何成为“世界赛车联盟”中最出色的赛车手的全过程。
对于斯比德来说，他的生命是由两个部分组成的，一个是赛车，另一个就是他的家人……在影片中，斯比德和他的家人组建的是一个独立的赛车队，以他们家族的名字命名，而他们面对的却是一系列有着雄厚的资金支持的顶级赛车手。
比赛中的赌注也被人为地提高到一个让人望尘莫及的水平线上，一场赛车的最终结果，足以决定一名车手以及他背后的整个财团的命运。
为了在大银幕上完美地创造出那种风驰电掣的大环境，沃卓斯基兄弟运用了他们最为狂野的想象力，所构思出来的赛场风格，已经超越了任何人所知道的一切。
出现在影片中的赛车，无论是外形还是功能方面，都透露出了一种协同作业下的优势，包括在超过时速400英里的极速情况下，仍然能在整个过程中不断做出公然挑衅地球引力、不可思议的特技动作。
这是一种与赛车有关的文化被沃卓斯基兄弟改造后的结果：你会发现影片中的每一辆赛车都像是一匹难以驯服的野马，而且能够反衬出赛车手的性格特征，如此人性化的设计，处处显现出车人合一的高端境界。
《急速赛车》建立起来的是一个充满活力、像糖果一样色彩斑斓的世界，许多时代的特色和风格都并存于此，全部交织在了这个以赛车占主导地位的动态环境中，乔·西尔沃说：“从审美的角度出发，你可以在影片中同时发现过去、现在和未来……社会陷进了疯狂的赛车场上，沃卓斯基兄弟也以一种你从未见过的方式设计出了赛车的外观。
我们已经在杂志和电影里看到了一些非常有奇幻色彩的概念汽车，但这部影片却将其推升至一个全新的水平，这些汽车能够做到的事情，足以让你在观看比赛的时候不停地战栗。
”格兰特·希尔则认为：“沃卓斯基兄弟总是在寻找一个全新的立足点--我们看过像滑板或滑雪板这样的极限体育运动，具有着非常流畅的动作，然后想象着赛车跑道的样子以及赛车应该快到什么样的程度，才可以让车手执行出相似的梦幻技术。
” 当然，《急速赛车》中的高级别比赛“世界赛车联盟”，如果不具备非常有格斗风格的战术安排的话，就会变得一文不值，乔·西尔沃说：“这是一个关于发动机极限运动的视觉想象，你可以把它描述成是充满奇特气息的武术与F1的混合体，或者干脆像沃卓斯基兄弟那样，称之为‘功夫赛车’……正是因为对卡通动画片版本的《急速赛车》的迷恋，才引导沃卓斯基兄弟走进了日本动画产业，他们不但被里面的故事所吸引，更为那独一无二的视觉享受备觉陶醉。
一切的一切都与那个时候电视上播放的其他动画片完全不一样，沃卓斯基兄弟随即成了《急速赛车》的铁杆粉丝，自然也迷上了日本漫画。
” 事实上，在被改编成电影之前，《急速赛车》的fans群体就已经扩充到跨越多种文化的几代人身上了。
原著动画来源于一套日本漫画书系列，其作者是漫画界的先锋人物吉田龙夫，那时候它的名字叫《王牌驾驶员》(Pilot Ace)。
到了1967年，漫画书被拍成了电视节目，名字则叫《飞车小英雄》(Mach Go Go Go)……差不多6个月后，这套系列就被带到美国，变成英语配音的卡通剧《急速赛车》。
很快，动画版本的《急速赛车》就以一种难以阻挡的强劲势头风靡了整个美国，尤其是吸引了小观众的目光，让人振奋的赛车运动、国际阴谋、家庭价值、浪漫情怀以及满是挖苦的幽默将他们的想象空间扩大到了更加狂野的一个层面。
与他们之前看到的系列卡通片不一样的是，《急速赛车》是以一个年轻、信念坚定的人物作为主角的，他将会用他那强大、线条极度流畅的“马赫5号”跑遍全世界，打败所有的强劲对手。
在过去了40多年的今天，电视版本的《急速赛车》也推出了好几部了……斯比德·瑞瑟的故事以及他开着“马赫5号”所经历的险境，终于通过沃卓斯基兄弟之手走向了大银幕，他们赋予这个故事的，不仅仅是壮观的视觉特效以及充满野心抱负的动作场面，还包括非常尖锐的摄影技术，堪比艺术大师级别、由电脑生成的想象画面。
[编辑本段]花絮 1960年代，日本漫画家吉田龙夫先生在银幕上发现两个偶像：猫王埃尔维斯•普雷斯利以及肖恩•康纳利扮演的007邦德。
这两个人物给吉田龙夫很大的启发，看过之后久久不能忘怀，于是，吉田龙夫就决定以这两人为原型，创造一部漫画。
吉田龙夫从猫王那里借鉴了造型，画了个头发吹得高高的，脖子系着围巾的美少年形象。
然后他又偷师007的座驾，多功能跑车，然后设计出了马赫5这辆车。
于是，《马赫GOGOGO》这部漫画就诞生了。
《马赫GOGOGO》的动画版也随后推出，于是，这个讲述一个少年驾着一辆多功能跑车实现自己梦想的热血动画风靡全日本。
不久之后，美国也有电视台引进这部动画，改名《极速赛车手》，然后又将片中富有日本气息的角色名字（据说原版中男主角的名字来源于日本著名影星三船敏郎）改成如今的斯皮德•莱德。
该动画在美国放映后获得巨大反响，热血的情怀、暴力的场面以及多功能的马赫5，让美国青少年为之倾倒，这个动画在美国播了近2百集，自此，《极速赛车手》也像《铁臂阿童木》一样，成为最早进入美国市场的日本动漫作品，而且影响同样深远，时至今日在美国仍有不少广告、电视节目等涉及到《极速赛车手》的内容，而有一批赛车手也是受到这部动画的影响走上职业道路的。
安迪•沃卓斯基与拉里•沃卓斯基两兄弟同样也是自小看这部动画，如今贵为国际大导演，依然对马赫5与《极速赛车手》一往情深，一心想把这部动画拍成电影。
然而，如今这部电影版的拍摄计划却早在1992年就已经提出，并非专门为沃卓斯基兄弟所开的项目，只不过，十几年中这一计划一直没遇到合适的人以及合适的时机，于是一直没拍成。
这么多年来，像阿方索•卡隆、朱利安•汤普勒等导演都有负责过拍片计划，但由于各种原因他们最终也放弃了这一项目。
至于演员方面，从最早的亨利•罗林斯到后来的约翰尼•德普甚至是文斯•沃恩都有接洽过这一电影。
编剧方面则牵连更广，从马克•雷文、J.J.阿巴斯等著名影人都为这部电影写过剧本，但到这版《极速赛车手》诞生的时候，这些大牌影人全部与这部电影无缘，多少有点遗憾。
到2006年10月，早凭《黑客帝国》系列誉满全球的沃卓斯基兄弟接洽了制片人乔•西维尔。
西维尔与这兄弟俩合作过《黑客帝国》三部曲以及《V字仇杀队》。
沃卓斯基兄弟对西维尔说他们这次想拍一部适合小孩子看到电影，因为他们先前拍的，无论是《黑客帝国》还是《V字仇杀队》，全都是R级电影，他们的侄子侄女以及他们的妈妈、阿姨等家人全都看不了，小孩不能看，大人没兴趣，于是，他们想着将这部让他们兄弟俩从小看的热血沸腾的《极速赛车手》搬上银幕，让妇孺看得开心，所以这部片的目标观众与沃卓斯基兄弟先前的电影不同，已经不再是为喜欢Cult片的男性观众为受众了。
华纳兄弟影业一早就想着将这部电影搬上银幕，既然有沃卓斯基兄弟担任导演，他们相当放心地开始这一计划，投资了1.2亿美元。
该片同时获得德国新电影基金资助的近1300万美元的赞助，整部电影于07年2月在德国巴贝尔斯博格制片厂拍摄。
所有的特技场面均在这里完成，全靠绿幕前拍摄。
乔•西维尔感叹道像《宾虚》那样的电影，在拍摄那场惊心动魄的战车大赛时用了许多车和马，还发生了事故，最后用了9个月才完成，如今拍《极速赛车手》的大场面，只要一张绿幕，然后一切在电脑中就能完成，你甚至在片场找不到一辆车。
这是多么先进的技术。
沃卓斯基兄弟这次感兴趣的是如何用极尽奢华的颜色来装饰整个画面，以及如何用各种动态效果呈现赛车的无差别格斗，也就是说技术革新是他们最关心的是，而演员方面，反倒不那么重要。
(网易娱乐专稿 转载注明出处)简评 整个电影的选角，与其说是按照谁更适合演哪个角色为标准，不如说是以哪个演员能为该片带来哪些观众为选角原则更为贴切。
于是，该片的演员，除了让美国当红明星，诸如出演过《阿尔法狗》、《荒野生存》的埃米尔•赫斯基担任主角，热门电视剧《迷失》贡献出来的性感男星马修•福克斯担任第一男配角莱瑟X之外，还特意从亚洲找来Rain、余男和真田广之三个明星出演小配角，虽然他们西方不多，真田广之好像只有3句台词，其余两人的状况也好不了多少，但依旧引得亚洲众多媒体疯狂报道，可见该片选角的目的性有多强。
这些亚洲明星出演的角色看起来是硬加进剧本里的，原作中没提到过这些人，但这神来一笔倒是让该片增加了更多的观众。
先前所说的，这部片其实是沃卓斯基兄弟为他们的侄子侄女拍的，于是，片中的小孩角色，如斯皮德的弟弟，以及动物角色，斯皮德弟弟的宠物猩猩，全都是吸引孩子的制胜法宝。
这些角色倒是原作中就有的，可能这部电影最吸引孩子的也就是那只可爱的猩猩吧。
由此看来，这部力求照顾更多观众的电影俨然不可能重复《V字仇杀队》、《黑客帝国》那样的做法，将许多深奥的内容包含其中，因此，对沃卓斯基兄弟前面几部电影有深厚情结的观众切忌调整好心态才能看《极速赛车手》，千万记住这是一部色彩缤纷的儿童片哦。
(网易娱乐) －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 导演阿方索·卡隆曾经对这部影片有过兴趣，但他执导的前提是主演必须是约翰尼·德普。
根据制片人乔·西尔沃的说法，影片的绝大部分是在绿屏前拍摄的。
罗丝·麦高恩曾经认真地考虑过要饰演特里克茜这个角色，但是两位导演觉得她年龄有点偏大。
斯科特·波特(Scott Porter)和马修·福克斯扮演的是同一个角色的不同时期，虽然两人年纪不一样，生日却是同一天——7月14日。
在影片中饰演凯莉·吉尔波克斯的米尔卡·达诺(Milka Duno)，其实是印地赛车联盟中的一位真正的职业赛车手。
性感女赛车手丹妮卡·帕特里克(Danica Patrick)本来答应在影片中客串一个小角色，但是她却因为无法忍受输给安德里蒂·格林车队和印地赛车联盟而拒绝了。
在原版动画系列剧中同时为斯比德·瑞瑟和“瑞瑟X”配音的彼得·费尔南德斯(Peter Fernandez)，将会在影片中饰演比赛解说员。
基努·李维斯拒绝了饰演“瑞瑟X ”的角色邀请。
人工智能作文800字
题目：《人工智能》3月15日，举世瞩目的“人机大战”尘埃落定，人工智能“阿尔法狗围棋”（AlphaGo）以4：1的比分战胜人类围棋顶尖高手李世石九段，为世人留下一个不愿接受又不得不接受的事实。
面对“阿尔法狗围棋”（AlphaGo），有人不服，如中国的超级围棋新星柯洁九段，就公开向“阿尔法狗围棋”（AlphaGo）叫板：“你赢不了我
”有人叹息：人类智慧最后的尊严在一只“小狗”面前丢失。
有人甚至悲观地认为，机器统治人类的时代即将来临。
其实，所谓人类尊严、所谓机器人的统治时代，只是我们一些人的臆想，“阿尔法狗围棋”（AlphaGo）的胜利，说到底就是一次技术革命的胜利，是人类对自身的一次超越。
正如西安交通大学副校长、国家重点基础研究计划（973）“基于视认知的非结构化信息处理基础理论与关键技术”首席科学家徐宗本说的：“任何人工智能技术的成功一定是当代最新技术综合运用的成功，片面说成谁战胜谁是不公平的，也是无意义的，说人类智慧的最后壁垒被攻破，这都是无稽之谈。
”“阿尔法狗围棋”（AlphaGo）的胜利，背后的最大价值在于，它激励人们持续不断地探索过去人工智能领域一直看似难以实现的人类智能级别。
从这一点上看，人工智能的胜利也有非凡的意义，甚至可以说具有划时代的意义。
是的，翻开人类历史，哪一次技术革命不带来人类社会翻天覆地的变化
蒸汽机的发明、使用，使人类从农业手工业时代进入了工业社会；电动机的诞生，使人类从工业社会跨入了现代化。
而以原子能、电子计算机、空间技术和生物工程的发明与应用为主要标志的信息技术革命，更让人类从此进入了自动化、信息化时代。
每一次技术革命，伴随的都是生产力的发展和人类自身的解放。
“阿尔法狗围棋”（AlphaGo）的 胜利，是不是会掀起又一次技术革命，我们还需拭目以待。
然而，人工智能的进步，却可以让我们展望到人类美妙无比的前景。
我们似乎可以看到，不久的将来，到 处都是机器人在人们的指令下为人们服务；我们似乎可以看到，那些对于目前医术来说几乎无解的人类大脑和神经疾病，如自闭症、老年痴呆症这样的国际医学难 题，随着人工智能的进步，一切都会迎刃而解；我们似乎可以看到，有了人工智能的协助，人类真正步入了大同的理想社会。
是的，“阿尔法狗围棋”（AlphaGo）的胜利，是人类的智慧向前迈出的又一步，有了这一步，我们的世界将更加美好。
当然，面对这些进步，我们不能只是围观、娱乐和敬仰，我们应该用我们的智慧，去促成人工智能更大的进步
未来，哪些行业可能会被人工智能取代
A little Brave GirlA little Brave GirlIt is a true story.This story was set in at the end of 2004 Zhejiang, when a ten-year old girl walked on her way to home from school as usual, she was being kidnapped off guard by three men, whom are over 30 years of age, be tall, strong, and are very experienced in kidnapping. For just a split second, the girl was got in a car and didn’t know where she would head, but she didn’t burst into tears like others probably have done in her age, was unusually sober and figured out what has just happened. After short deliberation, she gave her parents telephone number to threekidnappers after she was asked twice. Kidnappers shortly send short message to her parents to tell what they did a moment ago for the ransom of RMB500,000 as they commands, threatened them with their daughter’s life. Her parents were at their wits' end at that moment and later had to dial police for helping. During closely watched by two kidnappers, the girl were pleased to cooperate with them in three meals, water, and spoke something to them for delaying. Luckily, kidnappers are very emotional and were amazed at what the girl said when it comes to money, “ I know clearly you are impossible to kill me, you need money most of all, but you should know money doesn’t grow on trees, but on painstaking hands.” The girl said, “ Uncle, you have probably had children like me, if you childrenare in the danger of kidnapping, how then do you think? …” Finally, the kidnappers were profoundly moved by her reasonable words, and policemen easily seized them about two days later, now they do their time. Soon after, a journalist wanted to disclose the reason why such a little younggirl is so wise upon the curious queries from the public, but the girl’s parents definitely rejected to accept visit, because they are afraid of kidnapping again as everyone would probably know her. But her main teacher briefly told that the school often takes “ Keep a head during a crisis, to be wise and brave.” as a compulsory lesson to educate pupils, this girl are brave enough to practise this lesson. Also, the girl said she was sort of scared but must to eat enough to keep energetic so as to fight against the kidnappers as long as she could. Through this story, I deeply feel that the importance of education. Nothing ismore important than to receive education. Education, is absolutely not completewith graduation, is a lifelong study and bound to exert a great impact on our future. Further, the value of education. We should not educate children only for the aim of education, our foremost purpose is to fit them for life.We can see bats in almost every part of the world but they can’t live in very hot or very cold places. They live on all continents but do not live on Antarctica. You can find most species of bats in the places where the weather is nice and warm. On some islands there are only a few kinds of bats. That’s because it’s too far for most bats to get to those islands. In the United States, the greatest number of bats live in the south-western part of the country. This place has all kinds of places where bats can live and there is a lot of food during most of the year. For example, Texas has 32 different kinds of bats while Maine has only 8; Arizona has 28 species, but Michigan has just 10. 词数:39处理时间:2′09〃Questions:1. The underlined word species in the first paragraph means ______in Chinese.A. 种类B. 数量C. 天敌D. 栖息地2. We can learn from the passage that _____. A. bats like warm places B. bats live everywhere in the worldC. the US has the most bats in the worldD. bats don’t like living on islands3. The passage mainly tells us ____. A. how bats live B. where bats live C. bats’food D. bats’lifeB本文词数:182参考时间:2′32〃In warm water, there is a kind of sea mammal1 called dugongs. They live a comfortable life. They have no natural enemies and never fight2.Dugongs lived in the oceans during the age of dinosaurs. They have funny faces and no front teeth! Their teeth grow only along the sides of their mouth. Some think they are ugly. Only their mothers may love them, but as we know, they are important and helpful for us! Dugongs only eat plants. They swim slowly so that they can eat the sea grass. They often dig down into the sand and eat sea-grass roots. Dugongs relax during the day. During most of the night, they eat. They eat noisily and you can often hear the sounds of their chomping teeth. Dugongs give birth to only one baby every three to five years. They take the newborn baby to the surface of the water so that the baby can take its first breath of air. It stays with its mother for two years and sometimes rests on its mother’s back. Dugongs feed their young with milk. Dugongs can live for about 60 years, but every year more and more people move to near the warm coasts and rivers which are also the homes to dugongs. They have fewer places to live and feed.Notes:1. mammal n. 哺乳动物2. 意为:在自然界它们没有敌人,也从不争斗。
词数:39处理时间:2′09〃Questions:1. Which one is the best title for this article?A. The Kind AnimalB. Dugongs’LivesC. Dugongs Are NiceD. Mother Loves Dugongs2. The underlined words chomping teethmean __________.A. washing teethB. changing teeth C. eating loudly D. opening the mouth3. Which one is TRUE? A. Dugong babies live with their mother when they are 3 years old.B. Dugongs eat animals and plants. C. Dugongs give birth every year. D. Dugongs can live for as long as 60 years.阅读新题型本文词数:240参考时间:6′00〃A man was looking for office help. He put a sign1 in the window: HELP WANTED. Must know how to type2 and speak two languages, and be good at the computer.1 The man was surprised, but led him into the office. Inside, the dog jumped on the chair and looked at him. The man said, I can’t give you this job. The sign says you must know how to type. The dog jumped down, went to the typewriter, and typed out a perfect letter. 2 The man was shocked3, but told the dog, The sign says you have to be good at the computer. The dog went to the computer and wrote out the same letter on it. The man looked at the dog and said, You’re a very clever dog. 3 The dog looked at the man and said, Meow!Notes:1. sign n. 标牌2. type v. 打字3. shock v.使震惊词数:39处理时间:2′09〃Task: Please put the following sentences in the blanks. 把下列句子还原到文中空白处。
A. He took out the piece of paper and gave it to the manager.B. However, I still can’t give you the job, because the sign also says that you need to speak two languages.C. A short time later, a dog came to the window, saw the sign and went inside.本期阅读答案阅读A 1-3 A A B阅读B 1-3 B C D 阅读新题型1-3 C A BThomas Alva Edison was a man of wonderful ability who had the good luck to be born at a good time. In the period just after the American Civil War the United States was growing conditions were right for the talents of a man like Edison. The Edison family had come to the United States from Holland in the early part of the l8th century． Thomas Alva the youngest of Samuel’s seven children was born in 1847. Thomas was an unusually curious child． Even at an early age he loved to read and make experiments． Because he was so dreamy and quiet a teacher once accused him of being stupid． Thomas’s mother was so displeased by this remark that she took her son out of school and never sent him back. She took charge of his education herself and taught him reading history science and philosophy． Edison was a very quick reader and he remembered everything． Once he got the idea of starting at the first shelf of a large library and reading everything in it． But after reading through fifteen feet of books he gave up this ambition. In order to earn money for books and for his scientific experiments Thomas sold vegetables from the family garden. This work did not bring in enough money and so he began to sell newspapers and candy on a train that ran between Port HuronMichigan and Detroit． Because people were so eager for the latest news about the CiviI War which was then at its height Thomas decided in February 1862 when he was fifteen years old to print a newspaper of his own the Weekly Herald, in a baggage car of the train where he worked．In four years he earned two thousand dollars from thisbusiness. While he worked on the train young Edison continued to experiment setting up a laboratory in the baggage car. One day a stick of phosphorus feIl to the floor and set thecar on fire． The conductor of the train as so angry that he threw Tom and all his equipment off the train at the next station； he also struck Tom causing a permanent injury which later made him deaf in the right ear. One day not long after he had started his newspaper, EdiSon saw a child playing on the tracks in front of a train. He jumped off the station platform and snatched the child from the wheels of the train. The father who happened to be the stationmaster was so grateful that he offered to teach Tom to become a telegraph operator．He gave him lessons four days a week after the station had closed for the nightand in three weeks Edison was a better telegrapher than his teacher. Edison was sober and independent for his age, but hen was restless and very careless in his dress． He began to wander from city to city and from job to job． Because his ideas were too strange to please the men who hired him,they often asked him to leave． During this time, he worked in Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Memphis, and Louisville． Edison went to Boston's where he had been promised work as adegraph operator, mainly because of the neat handwriting in his letter of application, When heappeared in that city, he looked so untidy and strange that the superintendent asked him to return later in the day to take a test in telegraphy, with ihe idea of making ihe test so diffcult that the young man could not possibly pass it, As the rapid message came in, Edison realized clerks in the station were playing a joke on him. They had arranged for the new York operator to send him a message, faster and faster,in an effort to make Edison admit that he could not write it down at such a rapid pace, But Edison was not discouraged. He decided to outwit these fellows, and he began to send a message himself. He said to the New York operator,“Come on, don’t go to sleep．Get busy! That ended the joke, and Edison won his job, as weil as the title of fastest telegraph operator in the Western Union Company. In 1869 he borrowed some money and went to New York． During the first three years he spent there, he nearly died of starvation. He slept in a room belonging to a company that sent information on stock prices to the business houses of New York． One day the machine that printed news about gold stopped． Six hundred banks and business houses were without information about what was being bought and sold that day. Edison succeeded in repairing the machine, and he was then offered a job as manager for $300 a month． He was soon hard at work making improvements in the machine and inventing new parts． His Universal Printer, invented at this time, printed full information about gold prices, instead of showing them only by a few letters and numbers． This was his first big success． GeneraI Marshall Lefferts, president of the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, bought this and several other inventions of Edison's for forty thousand dollars. Edison then put his new money to work． He opened a factory in Newark,New Jersey． Soon he had over one hundred and fifty men building machines to record stock prices, while he himself continued to work on new ideas. At one time, he had forty-five separate inventions in his laboratory, including several important improvements of the telegrilph. He invented a way of sending two messages at the same time in opposite directions, and then a way of sending two messages at the same time in the same direction,In 1874 he invented and sold to Western Union a system by which four messages could be sent over one wire at the same time, two in each direction. He also perfected a new system for sending telegrams. These inventions saved Western Union milhons of dollars in the cost of wires and telegraph poles alone. Western Union then suggested to Edison that he try to develop a commercially useful telephone, Alexander Graham Bell had already patented the te1ephone, but Bell's telephone could be heard only over short distances． Edison added several improvements, which were adopted, and are still used in the telephone today． Western Union paid Edison one hundred thousand dollars for his inventions. In l876 he built a workshop and laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey． He was known after that as he Wizard of Menlo Park,because of the wonderful discoveries he made there, He began to study the attempts of other men to invent an incandescent electric light． He tried over and over again to make a soft light that would be suitab1e for use in private houses． He tested over two thousand materials before discovering one that would work． He needed something that would become hot and give off light when electricity passed through it in a glass container from which the air had been removed． He spent a hundred thousand dollars searching for the best material． Men were sent to India, China, Brazil, and finally, Japan, where a material was finally found. In Jalluary,1880, the electric light was patented. Edison then built a factory for the production of his light in Menlo Park, and an electric power station in New York City. But it was fourteen years before the public really accepted the electric light． After that, the electric light business grew So great that Edison was able to sell his share in the electric light for more than one million dollars. Edison patented over one thousand separate inventions during his life, He never stopped trying to learn more about science and what it could do for man, His discoveries probably increased the wealth of the world more than those of any other single man in history. On October l8,1931,Edison died at the age of eighiy-four at his home in Orange, New Jersey． Several days later, the whole United States turned off its electric lights for one minute, in honor of the man whose discoveries had so changed and improved the life of people everywhere. 托马斯.阿尔法.爱迪生是一位诞生在好时代里的天才人物。
南北战争以后,美国正在成长壮大,各种条件对于象爱迪生这样有天才的人都是有利的。
爱迪生一家人在十八世纪早期从荷兰来到美国。
托马斯·阿尔法生于1847年,是撒缪尔的七个孩子中最小的一个。
托马斯是一个好奇心特强的孩子。
即使还在幼年时代,他就爱读书和做实验。
因为 他如此爱好空想和不声不响,以致一位老师有一次骂他愚蠢。
托马斯的母亲对这个评语很不高兴,她令孩子退学不再返校。
母亲自己照管孩子的教育,教他阅读,教他历史、科学和哲学等。
爱迪生读起书来,领会得快,而且过目不忘。
有一次他异想天开,要从一所大图书馆的第一个书架看起,看完书架上每一本书。
但在看完了书架上十五英尺厚的书籍后,他放弃了这个野心。
为了挣钱买书和搞科学实验,托马斯就出售他家菜园中的蔬菜。
这工作挣不到足够的钱,所以他就开始在一列专跑休伦港、密执安和底特律的火车上卖报纸和糖果。
因为人们在南北战争的高潮中急于了解战争的新情况,托马斯在1862年2月间,他十五岁时,决定在他所工作的火车行李车上印刷他自己的报纸《先驱周报》。
四年之间他从这张报纸上赚了二千美元。
年轻的爱迪生在火车上工作时继续搞实验,在行李车上建立了一间实验室。
有一天 一根磷棒掉在地板上使这节车厢着火。
列车长十分生气,在下一个车站把汤姆和他的所有实 验设备都扔下了火车,还揍了汤姆一顿,造成永久性伤害,使爱迪生右耳聋了。
爱迪生在开办他的报纸后不久,有一天望见一个小孩在火车前面的铁轨上玩耍。
他急忙从站台上跳下把小孩从火车轮子下抢救出来。
这孩子的父亲正好是站长,他很感激,主动 提出要教会汤姆成为电报员。
他在车站夜晚关门后,每周给他上四次课,三个星期之后爱迪生 便成为比他老师更好的电报员了。
就他的年龄来说,爱迪生很稳重,有独立性,但他见异思迁,而且对于衣着很不注意。
他开始从一个城市漫游到另一个城市,从一个 职业换到另一个职业。
因为他的想法太离奇, 不能使雇用他的人满意,雇主们常常叫他卷铺盖走路。
在这段时间里,他在印地安纳波利斯,辛辛那提,孟菲斯和路易斯维尔等城市都工作过。
爱迪生去到了波士顿,在那里有人答应给他电报员的工作,主要因为他的求职信中字迹写得工整。
当他在波士顿露面时,他是如此的衣冠不整,怪里怪气,以致主管人叫他当天晚些时候去参加电报技术的考试,目的是要故意出难题,使这位青年考不及格。
当电报迅速拍进来时,爱迪生意识到电报局的职工们是在和他开玩笑。
他们已经和纽约市的电报员安排好,给爱迪生拍一份电报来,越拍越快,企图迫使爱迪生承认他抄不下这么快的电报。
但爱迪生没有泄气。
他决心以智取胜,于是他开始自己拍出一份电报。
他对纽约市的电报员说：“来吧,别去睡觉,使劲吧
”这就结束了这场玩笑,爱迪生也赢得了他的职位,同时还赢得了西联电讯公司最快电报员的称号。
1869年爱迪生借了些钱去到纽约,他在纽约的头三年里,几乎饿死。
他睡在一家公司的一间房子里,这公司专给纽约各商行提供股票行情。
一天,那台印刷黄金行情的机器不动了。
六百家银行和商行都收不到关于那天买进卖出的商情,爱迪生把这机器修好了,因此人家给了他一个经理的职位,月薪三百美元。
他很 快地就努力改进这台机器,并且还发明了许多新部件。
他当时发明的万能印刷机印出了关于金价的全部情报,而不只是以少数字母和数字来显示行情。
这是他第一个巨大的成功,金价和股票电报公司的经理马歇尔。
莱费兹将军出资四万美元把这台机器和爱迪生的其他几项发明买了下来。
爱迪生就拿这新到手的钱做生意。
他在新泽西州纽阿克市开了一家工厂。
很快地他就雇了一百五十人制造纪录股票行情的机器了,而他自己则继续试验他的一些新想法。
有一段时间在他实验室里共有四十五个不同的发明项目,包括几项对于电报机的重要改进。
他想出了一种方法,可从两个相反方向同时各拍出一份电报,随后又想出一种方法,可从一个方向同时拍两份电报。
1874年他发明并售给西联电讯公司一种装置,用了它可以在一根电线上拍发四份电报,即从每一方向可同时拍发两份电报。
他还改进了一种拍电报的新方法。
使之趋于完善。
这些发明,仅在电线和电线竿的成本上就为西联电讯公司节约了几百万美元。
西联电讯公司又向爱迪生建议：叫他试制一部商用电话,亚历山大.贝尔已经取得了电话机的专利,但贝尔的电话讥只能在短距 离内听见。
爱迪生增大了几项改进,被采用了,这些改进直到今天仍然应用在电话上。
西联电讯公司为他的几项发明付给爱迪生十万美元。
1876年,爱迪生在新泽西州门洛园建造了一个车间和实验室,由于他在那里搞出了许多奇妙的发明,以后他被人们称为“洛园的巫师”。
他开始研究别人为发明白热电灯所作的尝试。
他一次再一次地试制一种适子家用的柔光灯。
在找到,种合用的材料之前,他竟试验了两千种以上的材料。
他需要某种可放在抽去空气的玻璃容器内,通过电流后能变热并发出光来的材料。
他花了十万美元寻找最好的材料。
他派人去印度、中国、巴西,最后终于在日本找到了。
在1880年1月,他取得了电灯专利权。
爱迪生在门洛园建造了一家生产电灯的工厂,并在纽约市建成了一座发电站。
但是直到过十四年公众才真正接受他的电灯。
在那以后,电灯业发展得规模如此之大。
以致爱迪生出售他的电灯股票时,竟得了一百多万美元。
爱迪生一生中得到一千多种发明项 国的专利为了学习更多的科学并使科学为人类服务,他永不停息。
他的各种发明为世界增加的财富可能比历史上任何一个人都多。
1931年10月18月,爱迪生在新泽西州奥兰奇城的家中去世,终年八十四岁。
几天后全美国都停电一分钟以纪念这个以他的发明大大改变并改善了各地人民生活的人。
playclub人物存档怎么用
jackass英[ˈdʒækæs][ˈdʒækˌæs]n.公驴，愚傻子;[例句]You madeyourself look like a jackass.而是看起个傻瓜。
