英文作文:你是导游，陪外宾游览武汉黄鹤楼，到门口时用英文交待注意事项:1、参观两小时，游客多，互相...
One. Please carry and take good care of the necessary documents, bills1, personal ID, children with this account, for the opportunity to check foraccommodation;2, air tickets or tickets.Two, please confirm the following contentsMatches the name and identity card, ticket 1;2, his identity card is expired;3, departure time and arrival and departure ticket details and the final stroke are the same.Three, arrived at the airport \\\/ station of the timeTo the guests arrive at the airport just 90 minutes ahead of schedule, train guests60 minutes ahead of the arrival of the train station.Four, please according to their own physical condition with some essential drugs,such as: cold medicine, diarrhea medicine, motion sickness medicine, clothing and rain gear.Five, after arrival at the destination, we will take you to conventional tourism, after the Check Inn Hotel.Six, please abide by the relevant provisions of national law and local, follow the tour arrangements, pay attention to the time, in all of the roadTo unite and help each other, each other with mutual, a good attitude to ensure the environmental team will tour as planned itinerary.Seven, journey, please pay attention to traffic safety, to lock the door when you leave the room, valuables and good attention to their carryingNight in Shangjie should go hand in hand.Eight, because of natural factors such as an irresistible lead to changes in itinerary or the lead to increased costs, change or cancel a visitOn site, please be understanding and self related costs.Nine, the journey have what thing to our whole accompany or local to accompanythis, ask him \\\/ her to help solve. The journey as aThe problem of quality of service, please call our local dejieshe phone (please refer to the final schedule).Ten, in the hotel in addition to accommodation of all personal consumption (such as telephone, beauty salon fees or other entertainment expenses), please noteBefore departure at the hotel front desk to pay.Tourist tipsAt present, more and more people use of holiday travel holiday, but some visitorsbecause of pre trip preparation is insufficient, often encounter some unnecessary trouble in tourism. Then, in the tourism should pay attention to what?A travel outside, and familiar with the best of friends together, so the two sides cantake care of each other.Two, car, boat competition not crowded, so no grace, and may be dangerous.Three, pay attention to diet, avoid the road Zhongbao meal, hunger, to have the law of life, get up on time, sleep, pay attention to work and rest, avoid excessive fatigue resulting in decreased resistance. Eat more green vegetables, fruit, drink plenty of water. Pay attention to food hygiene, prevention of intestinal infection.Especially the dining in the coastal area, eat garlic to prevent diarrhea is also helpful.Four, pay attention to scenic areas clean. Please consciously safeguard the heritage and scenic areas of every tree and Bush perfect. Should always speaking civilization, polite way, avoid arguing with people, lest destroy themselves and their companions the joy of taste.Five, pay attention to do not with those who do not know in the tourism, so as not tobe deceived. To travel as far as possible not to carry important documents andvaluables, beware of secrecy, theft, causing unnecessary losses.一.请您携带并保管好以下必备的证件、票据 1、个人身份证，儿童携带户口本，以备乘机住宿查验之用； 2、机票或车票。
二、请您注意核实以下内容 1、机票的名字与身份证是否相符； 2、自己的身份证是否过期； 3、机票的出发时间及抵离详情与最终的行程是否一致。
三、抵达机场\\\/车站的时间 乘机客人请提前90分钟到达机场，乘火车客人请提前60分钟到达火车站。
四、请您根据自己的身体状况带一些必备的药品，如：感冒药、止泻药、晕车药、衣物及雨具。
五、抵达目的地后，我们将按常规带您先旅游、后入住酒店。
六、请遵守国家法律及地方的有关规定，听从导游的安排，注意遵守时间，在全部旅途中 要团结互助，互谦互让，在良好的心态环境下保证团队能按计划行程游览。
七、旅途中请您注意交通安全，离开房间时要锁好门，贵重物品注意保管好并随身携带 夜晚上街应结伴而行。
八、由于自然界等不可抗拒之因素导致行程发生变化或由此导致增加费用，取消或更改游 览景点，请您予以理解并自负相关费用。
九、旅途中有什么事情可向我们的全陪或当地地陪提出，请他\\\/她协助解决。
旅途中如出 现服务质量问题，请您拨打我公司当地地接社电话（详情请参考最终日程）。
十、在饭店内除住宿外一切个人消费（如电话费、美容美发费或其他娱乐费用），请您注 意在离店前在饭店前台现付。
旅游度假小常识 当前，越来越多的人利用假期外出旅游度假，但有一些游客由于出行前准备不充分，往往在旅游中遇到一些不必要的麻烦。
那么，在旅游中应该注意些什么呢
一、出外旅游的人，最好与熟悉的朋友结伴而行，这样双方可以互相照顾。
二、乘车、乘船不要争抢拥挤，这样既无风度，又会有危险。
三、注意饮食，避免在旅途中饱一顿、饥一顿，生活要有规律，按时起床、睡眠，注意劳逸结合，以免过度疲劳造成抵抗力下降。
多吃绿叶蔬菜、水果，多喝水。
注意饮食卫生，预防肠道感染。
尤其是在沿海地区用餐时，多吃些蒜对预防腹泻也是有帮助的。
四、注意风景区清洁卫生。
请自觉维护古迹的完善和风景区的一草一木。
旅途中应时时处处讲文明、讲礼貌，避免与人争吵，以免破坏自己和同伴的欢乐情趣。
五、在旅游中注意不要随便与不认识的人深交，以免上当受骗。
出门旅游尽量不要随身携带重要文件或贵重物品，谨防失密、失窃，造成不应有的损失。
还有Travel notesTravel preparationsMust plan before travel, selection of routes, do a good job in the correspondingmaterial preparation, is packed and ready to travel goods. Travel, pack should be light and comfortable, the principle of simplicity and practicality, not only to the whole country and refined. Species with articles and many of courseShould be tourist season, trip length, personal habits and the destination of theclimate, geographical conditions and other natural factors. In order to avoid the omission, it is best to draw up a list, and then prepared according to a single. In addition to different hobbies and special items needed (such as photographerscamera, art lovers of painting supplies and paper etc.), tourism is not the lack ofthe necessary items, there are several categories:(a) travel documents:Including personal identity documents, children under twelve years old by planemust carry the Hukou; if the outbound tourism, is to prepare a passportEtc.. The husband and wife together with tourism, marriage certificate, tickets,tickets, credit cards to keep.(two) clothesTravel to pay attention to comfort, convenience, warm, breathable. In general there are two sets of wash clothes, keep clean warm clothing can be based on individual physical and tourism zone climate, as appropriate, to carry. Summer and autumn,the temperature difference is not big, so do not need to take too many clothes, buttravel will be by the mountains with warm clothes. Tourists can be like swimming with swimming suit, trousers. The winter of our country north and South great difference, south of tourism in accordance with the decision to bring clothes.Footwear (three)Travel whether it is appropriate, has the direct influence on the tourism effect.Travel to the selection of soft, non slip, strong, high help features such as shoes,soft, brisk walking can make, prevent leg sprain and fatigue. Non slip soles can prevent the occurrence of danger in the Xianyao lots of walking. Sturdy shoes toadapt to the needs of long-distance travel. High shoes are not easy to enter thesundries, also can wear shoes to avoid foot off the shoes, and other trouble. Sockssocks with appropriate line, it not only has the good perspiration absorbing function, also can adjust the clearance of feet and shoes, reducing friction.(four) the books informationTravel guide books, information on attractions books, leisure books, train schedules and other traffic information. It should also bring pen, diary, to write a travel journal, which is of great significance. In addition, there are the necessarymail list, business cards, to contact, contact with.(five) daily necessitiesA needle and thread, fruit knife (must plane when checked), kettle, cosmetics(Fang Shaishuang), drugs, leisure food, foldable umbrella etc..(six), the film cameraTravel photography is one of the important tourism activities, the application must be prepared on the camera, the film must be ready for several volumes, carry.Because the sale of tourist attractions in the film is not only high prices, and the most important is their quality can not be guaranteed, onceBuy inferior or fake film, make you a hard in vain, would be a huge blow to yourpassion for travel.(seven) the backpackThe backpack is the most important travel tools, anyone travel cannot do withoutthe backpack. So the backpack is required:1, strong and durable. General long-distance travel, a man brought the necessitiesweighing about 10 kg, sometimes more, and general backpack is not continuous and long-term commitment to the weight, if the backpack is not strong, and once on the road is damaged, it will cause many unnecessary trouble. Therefore, to choosea durable before starting the backpack, in particular to check the backpack straps and connections are firm, each joint are thread local.2, the backpack back, should be able to mention dual-use. Thus, when both hands can relax, conducive to action, mention can be put to rest so that the shoulders,chest relaxed. Alternate use, can reduce the burden, but also extend the life span of straps. When the damaged party, the other party may continue to use.3, pack to have a certain volume, neither too large nor too small. At the same timeto set up a few more pockets, bags specifically dedicated, easy to find items.Finally, the backpack also has waterproof anti-theft function, which can avoid the rain or play a security role.
请哪位高手把以下的导游词翻译成英文
急求
Please come with me, next we came to an Anne electromechanical school districts, this design similar to the four square in ancient China from, on behalf of the east, south, west and north four directions, mean square electromechanical welcome students to the school. Among the four square is crystal fountain, this is also a feature of mechanical! Every major holiday, beautiful fountains spouted out from here, the scene is very strong light! Students can see four square and crystal fountain what contact between? It originated in Chinese yin-yang theory nature round place The attention of everyone, the front is blue waves bridge, here is where mechanical and electronic young men and women dating. And this lake is the largest lake in the mechanical, you know what it's called it - that is, it was the tabor zhanquan electromechanical campus glistening Mosaic this gem. Lake lake deep about ten metres, pure green, color shades. The lake is rich, have many kinds of rare species of aquatic life. Everyone to remember movie notting hill heroine once sat bench! In mechanical and electrical also have so a. Legend this chair is made of rosewood, sit on its lovers will get god's blessing. It also has a very nice name marriage chair. We have a bower northwest - called Renaissance pavilions, there of campus culture used to display electromechanical place, ok, I believe we walked along while also tired, front is Bridges, if somebody else food court somebody is hungry, can inside repast. You have ten minutes of free time, please ten minutes later the north gate of the electromechanical converge.
你好，我是一名新英语导游，你带日本顾客的团，一般怎么跟他们开场白呢
带外宾团有什么主意事项呢
谢谢~
一般来说，不管你的工作语言是什么，你在开场之前就应该有底气，有自信。
开场白一般都是一些寒暄问候之类的，最开始你就背下前辈的导游词就行，一般都通用的。
再有就是，带外团其实要比带国内的轻松一些，最起码外国友人不会故意的欺负你，一般都是尊重你的，所以基本上要顺利带好不是难事，慢慢习惯就好了。
一般注意客人的用餐习惯和询问下生活习惯，大都没什么特别的要求，最多具体问题具体分析，实践才行。
用导游词写动物园中看到的动物(至少四只,用英语写)?
西北地区惟一一家大型野生动物园——西安秦岭野生动物园距西安市区28公里，是一座集野生动物，易地保护、科普教育、科学研究、观赏旅游等综合功能为一体的大型园区。
秦岭野生动物园的前身是西安动物园，1995年被国家建设部评为“全国十佳动物园”。
动物园在给我们带来欢乐的同时，也成为许多西安人生活的一部分。
随着时代的发展和市民需求的变化，给动物园的发展带来了挑战。
“动物看人”已成为大势所趋，人们希望在原始而自然的环境中观看动物自由自在的生存并与之和谐相处。
昔日达官贵族狩猎之地变为人与动物游玩之乐园，在这里动物们告别束缚、重归自然。
新建成的秦岭野生动物园位于长安区秦岭北麓环山旅游带，背靠峪口浅山，距西安市区28公里。
远远望去，即可见高达26米的钢结构御园大门巍然耸立，大门旁边两头仿乾陵造型花冈岩材质石狮仰天怒“吼”盘踞，石狮后的大门两侧对称竖立6根高大的花冈岩材质的龙凤柱。
大门内外广场地面全部是青石条铺成。
进入园中，花红柳绿，处处皆佳景，景景皆迷人。
南有连绵的青山作屏，花圃、绿树、湖泊点缀其中，整座园区犹如一颗璀璨的绿色明珠。
金沙广场、迎宾路、开园叠水，汉唐风韵，气势恢宏。
据了解，秦岭野生动物园内现有1.7万余棵百年以上的板栗树，树木总品种达数百种。
一进动物园大门，一组别致的树雕造型吸引了人们的注意：一些树木的枯枝经园艺人员巧夺天工的雕刻与修饰，成为一个个造型优美、栩栩如生的人物、雄鹰、狗熊、猴子、鳄鱼等，讲述着“人与动物”、“人与自然”的不同故事。
占地3万平方米的天鹅湖是园内的主要景区之一，湖面波光潋滟，成群的天鹅、鸳鸯、火烈鸟等水禽嬉戏游弋水上，悠哉游哉，不时发出悦耳的鸣叫声。
湖后巨大的可控瀑布定时开放，气势夺人，悬崖飞瀑，湖光山色，相映成趣。
翠微园中，散养着2000多只安详、美丽的孔雀，它们优雅地漫步草地，游人可与它们做亲密接触。
野生动物园放养着300多个品种、1万多头（只）野生动物。
在草食动物区“荒漠区”里，什么金毛牛角羚、蒙古野驴、马鹿、岩羊、鸵鸟等在这里自由自在地奔跑、徜徉。
当饲养员喂食时，只见成群的动物从四面八方聚拢而来，抢食食物，十分有趣。
猛兽区即“大草原区”，放养着凶猛的老虎、狮子、黑熊、非洲三色犬等。
威风凛凛的雄狮、老虎就在车旁散步，或抢食活鸡，或在路旁不远处打盹睡觉；黑熊顽皮地爬上树，懒洋洋地睡觉。
动物园还开设有动物杂技表演、海洋动物表演、鹦鹉表演等娱乐节目，使观众大饱眼福。
秦岭野生动物园的已成为西安旅游的一颗闪亮的明珠
急需英语导游面试的信息，比如考官一般都会问哪类问题
well We will visit the scenery today is Qianshan Mountain This famous scenery is national 4A scenic spot which is 17 kilometers from town to here我们要参观的是千山景区 它是著名的国家4A级景区 距市区17公里Qianshan Mountain also called Thousand Lotus Mountain It covers an area of 152 kilometers is well known for her beautiful scenery rise steeply glen dense forest she is also named with the bright pearl of northeast .She had age-old history .It was said there were some temple building in the Shui and Tang dynasty about 1300 years ago .After Ming and Qing dynasty there gradually became center of Taoism and Buddhism千山又叫千朵莲花山 面积152平方公里 以其山水秀美 峰峦险峻 林木茂密著称 也被称为东北的明珠 千山历史悠久 相传在1300多年前的唐代就建有庙宇 历经明清两代这里已经成为了道教和佛教的中心Now in front of us is the main entrance Please look ahead It is large unique copy ancient style gate It was built in 1975 and It has 15 meters high 30 meters wide The gate greatly snow its important position in northeast scenery In the middle of the entrance there is a plaque in it which are two words written with Qianshan by zhaopuchu who was the chairman of the National Buddhism Association我们前面的就是千山的正门了 请向上看 这个门是非常稀有的仿古式大门建于1975年 门高15米 宽30米 门的气势显示出千山的重要位置门的中间有一块匾上有我国佛教协会会长赵仆初同志题写的-千山二字The whole scenery include three parts southern northern and middle gully Among the three northern part is famous for its natural scenery and cultural scenery And today we will mainly visit two sceneries -Wuliangguan and Longquanshi整个景区由三个部分构成 中沟 南沟 北沟 .其中北沟以其人文和自然景观而闻名所以我们今天就主要游览北沟的无量观和龙泉寺After entering the entrance we get into the scenery The first scenery we will visit today is Wuliangguan which is the head of the Wuliangguan scenery and Wuliangguan is the biggest temple in Qianshan Mountain进门以后 我们就进入了今天要参观的第一个景区 无量观景区其中无量观是千山中最大的道观Please look ahead the right side of the mountain road is a white marble tower which named -Changzhen tower It was built in 1996 for Xuxinyou who was the chairman of the Wuliangguan The tower has 9 floors and 6 sides .Xuxinyou did great contribution to the development of Taoism of Qianshan Mountain and the friendship between Taoism and Buddhism .Now let's go on the next one请大家看闪路的右边是一坐汉白玉的宝塔 该塔建于1996年为了纪念无量观的前任道长许信友 塔有9层 6面 许信友为了千山的道教的发展和佛道教的友谊做出了非常的贡献Now in front of us there are three towers among them The Baxian tower is the oldest one The tower was built by a student of Liutailin which is the founder of the mountain in the period of Kangxi in Qing dynasty Postivity called this tower -former tower . Another which named Gegong tower which carved very carefully . General Zhangxueliang contribute money to Geyuetan who was a famous Taoism priest and he was a close friend of Zhangzhuolin现在我们面前的有三坐塔 其中八仙塔是其中最古老的是为了纪念开山祖师刘太林而建 时间是在清康熙年间 后人又叫它为祖师塔另外一个雕刻非常精细的是葛公塔 张学良将军曾经出资修建 此塔是纪念道教的名人葛月潭他也是张作霖的挚友Now please pay attention here is the main entrance of Wuliangguan Look there is a pine on the cliff in the west which was only 1.3meters high It was famous for its living conditions named -pity pine It was also 500 years old .It was exact like a poor child who has no parents请大家注意了 这是无量观的正门 在西面的峭壁上有一棵仅仅1.3米高的松树它已经有500多年的历史了 叫做-可怜松 真象一个没有双亲的孩子呀Now next scenery is -Xige It is the most buautiful scenery within Wuliangguan please see here it is the main hall of Xige which named -Chihang hall which enshrined Chihang Taoism priest In his left side is postivity empress who was represented bearing child ren In the right side is eye empress who can care people's eyes现在这个景点是西阁 也是无量观景区最美丽的景点 大家看西阁的正殿叫做慈航殿 供奉着慈航菩萨 她的坐边是子孙娘娘代表着生儿育女 右边是眼光娘娘代表着保护人们的光明Oh listen there is a kind of voice which is very clear Do you want to know it .OK let's go to see -Muyushi the stone lies in the road which goes from Xige to Luohandong there is also a song which written for the stone It was --there is a beautiful legend ,beautiful stone can sing songs . It is so buautiful听 传来了一种清晰动听的声音 想看看吗 好的 来吧 这是木鱼石位于西阁和罗汉洞之间 有一首歌是这样唱的 --有一个美丽的传说 精美的石头会唱歌 多么美妙啊Now let's visit Luohandong after we go into the hole .We can see that this hole is very old which was carved with a natural stone hole. In the hole there are 15 Arhats and their body are not very large but delicate after go through the Luohandong this place is the main hall of the Wuliangguan named --Sanyuandian which includes YAO SUN YU represented sky earth and water OK please pay attention because in front of us there is a terrible scenery named Jiabianshi this stone is a unique scenery of this mountain You can see the distance between the two sides . You must go sideways if you do not do like that I really don't know there is other way现在来参观罗汉洞 进来以后 您会发现这个洞是历史悠久的了是用天然的石洞雕刻而成的 洞内有15 个罗汉 他们的身躯不是很大 但雕刻的非常精美从罗汉洞穿过就到了无量观的正殿三元殿 殿内供奉了尧 舜禹分别代表了大地 天 和水 请大家注意了 我们前面有一个非常厉害的景点叫夹扁石 它也是山中独一无二的 大家可以看到两边的距离 如果你不侧身走的话我不知道还有没有别的办法了Now ladies and gentlemen let's look here It is Tianshangtian scenery When you stand here you will feel that you stand on the peak of the sky女士们 先生们 这就是天上天景取 站在这里你会感到你站在了天的尽头Ok the first main scenery we have already visited now let's go on the next one Longquanshi scenery第一个主要的景区我们已经游览完了 下面我们去下一个景区 --龙泉寺Now in front of us is the head of five Zen Buddhism Forest It's also a famous scenery It was said that the temple was built in Tang dynasty and it was also one of the oldest temple of Qianshan Mountain when emperor Lishimin went out to battle and then stationed here after drank water here he had felt very good so he named here Longquan The water here never dried throughout the whole year好 现在我们面前的是五大禅林之首的龙泉寺 传说 唐王李世民出兵打仗驻扎在此 当他饮过这里的水之后 感觉非常好 于是 把这里命名为龙泉这里的泉水也是长流不息After we enter the entrance we see a wall which has a poetry on it This poetry was written by Wangerlie who was a gifted scholar in period of Qing dynasty Let's go on visiting in front of us is a stone which welcome you It was given the name --seven star stone Please look the right one It is the biggest one among the three It was said that water under teh stone would never dry throughout the whole year But now only after rain there will have some water It's really environment problem进门以后 大家可以看到有一面墙 墙上有一首诗 这首诗是清代大才子王尔烈提写的 为了欢迎大家的 好的 我们面前的是七星石 其中右边的是最大的在他下面的水过去是常年不断的 可是现在只有雨后才能看见流水 这是个环境问题啊Oh let's enter the yard which named Fawangdian This hall was nemed by emperor kangxi of Qing dynasty In the middle there is Nile Buddha and around him is Buddha's warrior attendant They hold sword Pipa umbrella snoke which are represented good weather for crops behind Nile Buddha is Weituo Buddha through the hall and let's go west This is drum hall Everyday when nightfall there is a very beautiful picture which combine sunset and drum beats It's very romantic进了院子我们到了法王殿 大殿是由清朝的康熙皇帝命名的 正中是弥勒菩萨周围是护法 他们分别手持剑 琵芭 雨伞和蛇代表了风调雨顺 弥勒菩萨身后是韦驮菩萨 请大家向西走 去鼓楼这就是鼓楼了 每当日幕时分 伴着悠扬的鼓声是一副多么美丽的图画呀Oh let's go down follow the drum tower here is Xige It was said that Wangerlie had been studying here Now passed here is the second great hall in the middle is Sijiamoni Buddha which represented high prestige there are some students of him Here is also a pretty place which can view the picture of drum tower in east OK so far we have visited the main scenery of Qianshan Mountain
中英文对照导游词
北京天安门 中英文导游词Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps: 1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony) 2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower. 3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed. 4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites. 5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”. During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities. On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution. The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept. The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west. The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament. The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely. In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration. On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\\\\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper. Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st. Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features. 2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC); 2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.); 3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.); 4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.) The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949. 3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value. On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai. At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are: 1) The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi; 3) The Revolution of 1911; 4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919; 5) The May 30th Movement of 1925; 6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi; 7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945; 8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”. 4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977. The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children. Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country. In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him. On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country. Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999. 各位游客朋友： 我们我们现在已经来到了天安门广场。
大家可以看一下，我们现在的位置是在天安门广场南北方向的中轴线上，距我们南面的人民英雄纪念碑大约有100米左右的距离。
我们今天在天安门广场游览的时间是30分钟。
大家向我这里聚一下，我先给大家简要介绍一下天安门广场的主要景观。
（手势，向北指）大家先向这边看。
（稍停顿，待游客目光集中于手指方向）我爱北京--天-安-门。
一会儿，我会向大家详细介绍天安门的的沧桑历史。
除了天安门城楼外，我还要向您介绍天安门前的金水桥、以及桥前的华表和石狮。
大家回一下头，您看到了，这就是庄严挺拔的人民英雄纪念碑了，随后我也将向您讲一讲她的故事。
纪念碑南边的建筑就是毛主席纪念堂，我们今天的行程没有安排大家瞻仰毛主席遗容，如果您有意去的话，可以告诉我，我会尽量满足您的愿望。
天安门广场东侧的建筑是中国革命历史博物馆，这里陈列了大量珍贵的革命历史文物。
和她相对着的，（手势，向西指）西边的这座建筑，就是非常著名的人民大会堂。
关于她，一会儿我也会向您做详细介绍。
好好好，大家现在可以在广场上拍照留念。
拍照前我给大家提个醒，大家尽量避免站在这条中轴线上拍照，旗杆可能会影响您的拍摄效果。
另外，大家如果在纪念碑前拍照的话，建议您到纪念碑的那一侧去拍，在这边是逆光，会影响照片的效果。
给大家10分钟时间，拍完照请到这里集合，我在这里等大家. 下面我首先为大家介绍一下天安门城楼。
天安门原为明清两代皇城的正门，始建于明永乐十五年（1417），最初叫做承天门，取承天启运，受命于天之意。
清顺治八年（1651年）重修而改名天安门，含受命于天和安邦治民的意思。
至今已有580多年的历史了，是全国重点文物保护单位。
天安门城楼，建筑在巨大条石砌成的须弥座式城台上，造型庄重浑厚，宏伟典雅，是中国传统建筑艺术的典型代表作之一。
城楼通高34.7米。
城台上的大殿宽九楹（62.77米），进深五楹（27.25米），象征封建帝王的九五至尊。
大殿为重檐歇山式，朱墙黄琉璃瓦顶。
南面设有菱花隔扇门、窗36扇，殿内外立有直径2米的巨柱60根，天花、斗拱、梁枋等处、均绘满了最高等级的金龙和玺彩画，金碧辉煌，极为雄伟壮观。
1988年的元旦，天安门城楼正式对外向游客开放。
在天安门高大的暗红城墙中辟有五个券洞门，明清时代，这里的门、桥行走规制森严，中门为皇帝进出专用。
皇帝每年冬至往天坛祭天，夏至去地坛祭地，孟春赴先农坛耕籍田，都要出入天安门。
那么，在当时，是不是只有皇帝一人才能进出中门呢
这位朋友答的对，不是。
大家知道还有什么人可以走这里吗
（稍做停顿）让我来告诉大家。
此外，皇帝的父母可从中门入宫；皇帝大婚，皇后可从中门进入一次；新科状元等金殿传胪后，可从中门出宫一回。
除此之外，严禁任何人进出，否则是要治重罪的。
中门左右的两座旁门，供宗室王公和三品以上文武百官通行。
过去天安门是座只进喜，不出丧的吉祥之门 好好天安门的设计者是蒯（kuǎi）祥。
蒯祥是江苏吴县人，明初洪武年间生于木匠家庭，他的父亲是一位有名望的木工师傅，能主建大型工程。
蒯祥受父亲影响，从小学艺，勤奋好学，聪慧过人，三十来岁时，已成为才华出众的木工匠师了。
燕王朱棣，也就是后来的永乐皇帝，经靖难之役取得帝位后，决定从南京迁都北京。
永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），明成祖朱棣调集全国各地的能工巧匠前来北京营建工程巨大、难度极高的天安门（初名承天门）等宏伟建筑。
蒯祥以高超的设计方案和精湛的建筑技艺，被推选为皇宫工程的建筑设计师。
当时人们尊称他为蒯鲁班。
蒯祥曾担任建筑皇家宫殿的官吏，直至工部左侍郎等官职，为中国的民族建筑艺术创下了光辉的业绩。
天安门是明清两朝历代帝王金凤颁诏的重地，凡遇国家庆典、新帝即位、皇帝结婚、册立皇后，都需要在此举行颁诏仪式。
届时于城楼大殿前正中设立宣诏台。
由礼部尚书在紫禁城太和殿奉接皇帝诏书，盖上御宝，把诏书敬放在云盘内，捧出太和门，置于抬着的龙亭内，再出午门，登上天安门城楼。
然后将诏书恭放于宣诏台上，由宣诏官进行宣读。
文武百官按等级依次排列于金水桥南，面北而跪恭听。
宣诏完毕，就把皇帝诏书衔放在一只木雕金凤的嘴里，再用黄绒绳从上系下，礼部官员托着朵云盘在下跪接，接着用龙亭将诏书抬到礼部，经黄纸誊写，分送各地，布告天下。
这种颁发封建帝王圣旨礼仪的全过程，就叫做金凤颁诏。
好好我国古代有人生四喜的说法，也就是久旱逢甘霖，他乡遇故知，洞房花烛夜，金榜题名时。
现在，问大家一个有意思的问题，哪位朋友知道，金榜题名的金榜张贴在什么地方
（稍停，待游客猜测）到底在哪里呢
请听我下文分解。
明清时代盛行科举制度，每逢殿试后的第三天，新考中的进士们恭立于天安门金水桥南，等候传呼他们进太和殿朝拜皇帝的礼仪，名叫金殿传胪。
当在太和殿传胪唱名后，礼部官员捧着皇帝钦定的黄榜，带领新科状元、榜眼、探花们出午门，再将黄榜放在龙亭内，在鼓乐仪仗的簇拥下抬出天安门，将黄榜张贴于龙门，也就是当时的长安左门外的龙棚里，公布天下，这里就是张贴金榜的地方，长安左门的位置大致是现在的劳动人民文化宫门前东南侧。
天安门历经沧桑，在新中国成立后，更焕发出了耀人的光彩。
1949年的10月1日，主席在天安门城楼上向全世界宣布了社会主义新中国的诞生，天安门不再是至高无上的封建皇权的象征，而成为了一个新生的人民民主国家的标志，在国徽图案的中央，我们可以看到这座庄严雄伟的建筑。
建国以后，这里成为国家举行重大庆典活动的场所，特别是每逢国庆，党和国家领导人都要登上天安门城楼主持庆典并和各界群众联欢。
天安门前的金水河又称御河、外金水河。
河上横跨七座石桥，中桥正对天安门的中门，叫御路桥，最宽大，雕龙修饰，供帝、后专用。
两旁桥名王公桥，为宗室王公行走。
外侧的两桥称品级桥，供三品以上官员通行。
以上五桥均为三孔。
位于太庙（今劳动人民文化宫）和社稷坛（今中山公园）门前的单孔石桥，叫公生桥，为四品以下官员过往。
那时门、桥行走等级森严，不得有丝毫触犯。
天安门前，也是明清两代进行秋审和朝审的地方。
封建王朝的最高执法机关--刑部衙门，每年五月要把全国各省被判死刑的囚犯名单汇集起来，敬呈皇帝过目。
八月中旬，皇帝诏令有关官员在天安门前进行最后判决，这叫秋审。
朝审则在霜降后举行，主要终审在北京刑部监狱里关押的死刑犯。
这就是为什么以前被判处死刑的人要秋后问斩。
凡经秋审、朝审判处死刑的人，立即推出虎门--长安右门，押赴宣武门外的菜市口等刑场处决。
因此人们对长安左、右门，有龙门与虎门之称。
即凡出'龙门者，荣登金榜，前程似锦；而押出虎门者，则被终判死罪，毫无生还之望。
长安右门的位置大致是在现中山公园门前西南侧。
在天安门南北门外，分别耸立有一对雕刻精美、挺拔秀丽的云龙华表。
据《淮南子·主术训》记载，远在尧舜时代就有街头设表木的做法，用以王者纳谏，征求民众意见以治天下。
到秦汉时期，表木被改为指路标，叫华表。
后来华表经不断美化，便逐渐演变成为中国独具民族建筑特色的艺术装饰品，深为世人所青睐。
系神话传说中的神异物，用汉白玉石雕成蹲于每支华表顶端的承露盘中，双目炯炯有神，密切注视前方。
于天安门里的 脸朝北，双目紧盯皇宫，名望君出，它提醒皇帝不要迷恋深宫生活，而应及时出宫巡视，以利治理天下。
在天安门外一对华表的 则脸朝南，双目向远方眺望，名望君归。
它时时关注皇帝外巡中的行为举止，如不检点或时间长了，望君归就呼唤帝王不得沉米山水、野趣、而应早日回宫，料理国家大事。
好好天安门金水桥前的这一对大石狮，雕工精绝，造型逼真，威武异常。
它们的双目都紧紧注视着天安门前正中的御道（中轴线），以体现它们是封建帝王忠实的卫士身份。
朋友们来看西边的这一只石狮，它的肚皮上有一个深深的洞，这是怎么回事呢
这里有一个很有传奇色彩的故事，据说明代崇祯十七年（1644年）四月，农民起义军首领闯王李自成攻打北京时，当他率军冲进天安门前的T形广场后，只见皇城的大门--承天门就在眼前。
对此，他愤怒地拈弓搭箭，只听嗖….的一声，正射中承天门匾额的天字，顿时众军喝彩，欢声雷动，随后李闯王收起硬弓，挺枪跃马一直奔金水桥冲杀过去。
突然，桥头的两只大石狮张牙舞爪，凶猛阻挡去路。
闯王见此怒不可遏，挺枪刺去，即刻火花四溅，长枪戳向了一只狮子的腹部。
双狮见势不妙，拖着悲惨的哀鸣声，各自退回了原位。
现在的这个洞，就是枪伤疤了。
朋友们，我们面前的这条街就是有神州第一街美誉的长安街。
长安街，当年从长安左门至东单牌楼，名东长安街；从长安右门至西单牌楼，叫西长安街。
古时东西长安街仅3.7公里，有十里长街之称，这是京城历史上有名的天街，其名取自盛唐时代的大都城--长安，含长治久安的之意。
长安街修筑于明朝永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），与皇城同时建造，是明代兴建北京城总体规划的重要组成部分之一。
东西平行走向的长安街，与纵横南北八公里长的御道中轴线，在天安门前正好垂直相交成准确的十字型经纬座标中心点，从而构成了北京城座北朝南，街巷纵横的总体布局。
原东、西长安左、右门前分别均竖有巨型下马碑，上刻官员人等，到此下马。
古代皇宫内是严禁骑马的，除非是金殿传胪时的新科状元，可骑皇帝御赐的高头大马，在长安街上走过，以示皇恩浩荡。
清王朝灭亡后，内城墙中东西两侧的建国门与复兴门在民国二十九年（1940）被打开的。
新中国成立以后，街面被展宽为50-100米，东西长安街的延伸线东达通州，西抵石景山，总长50公里，有百里长街的美称。
大家现在随我通过地下通道去天安门广场，上下台阶时请您注意安全。
（天安门广场） 我们现在处的这个位置是天安门广场，位于北京城的中心。
其南北长880米，东西宽500米，占地面积44万平方米。
可容纳100万人举行盛大的集会、游行，是当今世界上最宏大的城市中心广场和最著名的旅游胜地之一。
在明清时代，天安门广场是一处皇家禁地，由宫墙围护，仅设三门。
即南有大明门（清朝改称大清门，辛亥革命后叫中华门）、东有长安左门、西有长安右门。
三门之间形成一个封闭式的T字形宫廷广场，原是天安门前举行皇家活动的重要场所。
在T形广场的东、西、南三面，当时建有通脊联檐的朝房144间，名叫千步廊，以供场内活动之用。
清代乾隆年间，又在东、西长安左、右门外加筑三座门，严禁行人过往。
那时人们来往于东城和西城之间，需要绕行于大清门以南或地安门以北，极为不便。
在天安门T形广场东、西千步廊外的大片地带，原是明清两代皇家最高官署衙门的集结之地。
如：东侧（今历史博物馆一带）有礼部、户部、吏部、工部、兵部、宗人府、鸿胪寺、钦天监和太医院等中央文职机关。
西侧（人民大会堂一带）设有銮仪卫（御林军）太常寺、通政司和前、中、后、左、右五军都督府等武职机构。
过去有文东武西和东掌生、西掌死之说，指的就是这些关系到人们生死荣辱的封建王朝的最高权力衙门而言。
明清两朝，从天安门T形广场南端的大明门（清时叫大清门，今毛主席纪念堂一带）至正阳门之间，有一块方形场地，宛如棋盘，故有棋盘街之名。
当年人们喜爱在此贩卖风味小吃、小百货，以及表演戏曲、杂耍等，情似庙会，非常热闹。
由于
