玻璃桥 的成语
这是张家界的森林公园的英文导游词；General Introduction Yellow Dragon Cave is more beautiful than the outside world. Day or night, without fear of rain or wind, all year long, you can delight in its wonderful scenery. The cave is of good beneficial air circulation, and is cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Yellow Dragon Cave is one of the foremost scenic areas in Zhangjiajie, and was rated as one of the first 4A National Tourist Attractions in China. Also it has been honored as magical karst cave both in China and in the world. This system of caves is a typical karst formation, and you know that water plays an extremely important role in its development. Flowing into the fissures of the karst layer, water constantly dis- solves the limestone rock, thereby widening the crevice. This pro- cess continues year after year and thus the caves are created. The Yellow Dragon Cave system covers a proven area of 48 hectares. It is 15 kilometers long and has a vertical rise of 140 meters. The in- ner recess is divided into four layers, two dry ones and two possess- ing waterways. The tally of natural wonders includes: one natural reservoir, 2 underground rivers, 3 pools, 4 waterfalls, 13 grand halls, 96 passageways and hundreds of thousands of stalagmites,columns and stalactites. The Yellow Dragon Cave is so complex and unfathomable, possessing such a multitude of geological features, that it's impossible for us to take them all in at one time. Thismagical place abounds with all the sceneries that we can enjoy in the karst caves and the stalagmites are in all different shapes. Many famous scenic spots have been developed: the Dragon Dance Hall, Sounding River, Immortal Waterfall, Heaven Pillar Street, and the Dragon Palace.Except for a short distance near the entrance, we won't have to do any backtracking in the cave. The entire tour takes about two hours--2400 meters by land and an additional 800 meters by water. Chatting In the eyes of the locals of Zhangjiajie, Yellow Dragon Cave is always a mysterious place. The waterway within the cave is called Yellow Dragon Spring and it keeps flowing year around. It is said that long, long ago this region suffered a severe drought, so a wizard named He Junru, accompanied by his disci- ples, entered the cave and beseeched the dragon to send water. The dragon king was touched by their plea and released several drops of water from his mouth, and this produced a deluge outside the cave. At that moment, the wizard was unaware of the refreshing rain out- side; instead, he assumed that the dragon king had somehow reject- ed his appeal. Unfortunately, he stabbed the dragon with his knife. The beast became enraged by this foolish response and spewed out a torrent of water. In a short while the flood inundated the whole re- gion, both inside and outside the cave. The wizard was seriously in- jured and escaped, and all of his fellow villagers were washed away. Of course, he deeply regretted his blunder, and engraved a few lines of warning on his deathbed at the entrance to the cave so that people would not further offend the dragon: You must never fetch water from Yellow Dragon Cave, even if you are suffering des- perately from a severe drought. It is just a story anyhow. But how was this cave actually dis- covered? In the Spring of 1983, Mao Jinchu, a local veteran andmilitary battalion commander, led about ten companies of soldiers into the cave for exploration. After many setbacks and much hard- ship, they were finally able to present to the world the true face of this mysterious kingdom. In the recesses of the cave, they en- countered swarms of rats (about 2 ~ 2.5 kilograms each) and name- less creatures possessing piercing blue eyes and enormous feet. But don't be afraid! These terrifying monsters have been driven away long ago. In February of 1984, the local authorities started to develop the cave as a tourist attraction, and set up the Administrative De- partment of the Yellow Dragon Cave in June of that year. At the end of that year, it was formally opened to outside tourists. And since that time, this underground pearl has emitted its dazzling light and received more and more attention. After their field investi- gation into this cave system, officials of UNESCO gave these lavish words of praise, Yellow Dragon Cave is the most beautiful cave we' ve ever seen--anywhere in the world! And it is especially in- triguing that there is such a long river inside, and it is really in- credible. Including Zhou Guangzhao, the president of the Chinese Science Academy, 15 senior scientists proclaimed, We have trav- eled around the world and this cave is the largest, most comprehen- sive cave we' ve seen. More than 70 experts from the Ministry of Geology have drawn a similar conclusion, Taking into consideration nearly all of the studies of karsts caves, Yellow Dragon Cave is the all round champion.
急
导游词
各位团友：大家早上好
很高兴能与来自全国各地的朋友们相聚在我们美丽的金城——兰州。
有句话说得好：相聚就是缘分，旅游是件很开心的事，希望兰州的好山好水能给各位带来一份好心情， 兰州作为西出阳关中的丝路之重镇，其丝路文化、黄河文化、宗教文化构成了兰州旅游的核心内容，今天我们要去的第一站就是兰州中山桥.中山桥俗称“中山铁桥”、“黄河铁桥”，位于滨河路中段北侧，白塔山下、金城关前，建于公元一九○七年，是兰州历史最悠久的古桥，也是5464公里黄河上第一座真正意义上的桥梁，因而有“天下黄河第一桥”之称。
中山桥的前身是黄河浮桥。
当时有这样一首民谣： 黄河害，黄河险；凌洪不能渡，大水难行船：隔河如隔天，渡河如渡鬼门关! 可见当时要渡过黄河是多么的艰难。
南北两岸的人要过黄河，夏秋凭小船和羊皮筏子横渡，冬天河面结冰，只能在冰上行走。
现在的黄河铁桥是清政府建造的. 说起黄河铁桥,我们首先也提到一个人------彭英甲, 清光绪三十二年(1906年),彭英甲为适应政治、经济发展的需要,建议在兰州黄河上建造铁桥,以代替原有的镇远浮桥,得到陕甘总督升允赞许,经报请清政府批准,动用国库银30.66万两,与德商签订承建合同,但进口物资运输一律由我国负责。
在当时交通落后的情况下,先由火车从天津口岸运河南新乡,再雇佣劳工,用骆驼和大车将大量建桥材料由河南运来兰州,又冒着严寒酷暑在奔腾咆哮的黄河上施工。
工程于1907年2月开工,l909年6月竣工,命名镇远桥,同年8月验收通行。
桥宽8米(车行道6米,两边人行道各l米),长250米,全桥5孔4墩,载重8吨,保固期80年。
铁桥的建成,为方便兰州城乡人民和市政建设,以及连接青海、新疆、宁夏的交通发挥了重要作用。
彭英甲,字炳东,号铁函,清代河北承德人。
1906年至l911年,任甘肃劝业道兼主甘肃农工商矿总局的6年期间,在兰州创办了劝工厂、窑街官金铜厂、皋兰官铁厂、洋蜡胰子厂;恢复兰州制造局、兰州机器织呢局;开办农矿学堂、织呢艺徒学堂、官报书局、石印书局;修建黄河铁桥,以及交通、邮电等一批近代工矿企业和文化福利事业,与外国签订购买机器、聘请技术人员合同10多项。
为兰州近代工业的发展作出了贡献。
1.创办劝工厂。
1906年5月 ,彭英甲在兰州创办兰州劝工厂,开始设绸缎、织布、玻璃、栽绒、铜铁器、制革等6科(厂),后因技术力量不足,设备短缺而裁撤铜铁器、制革两科。
各厂技师由外省招聘,艺徒在兰州招收。
年底,劝工厂于西大街开设商品陈列所,展出劝工厂产品和土特产品,以提倡国货,抵制洋货。
2.创办窑街官金铜厂。
1906年10月,彭奉命与比利时参赞林阿德签订合同。
购置挖矿、钻洞、磨砂、炼铜、淘金、炼金等机器l套，并聘雇外国工程技术人员在窑街创办官金铜厂,1910年建成,耗银120万两。
建成后的厂区分金,铜,铁三厂,设备安装呈梯级斜坡9级层楼式,外貌十分壮观。
可惜原选矿有误,矿石含铜量少。
在白银运矿石,入不敷出,赔累过巨,只得草草结束3.恢复兰州机器织呢局。
1906年l0月,彭利用原织呢局封存之机器,添置短缺设备,雇请外国工匠5人,招入工人230余人,恢复了兰州织呢局,4.恢复兰州制造局。
1907年8月,彭将原兰州制造局更名兰州机器局,恢复生产。
专事修造枪炮弹药的生产。
5.修建黄河铁桥。
6.创办洋蜡胰子厂。
1908年冬,彭与比利时参赞林阿德合作开办了兰州洋蜡胰子厂,l910年竣工投产。
油脂由临夏、甘南一带的牛羊油作原料,产量、质量均佳,但成本较高,销路不畅。
7.开办皋兰官铁厂。
1906年,皋兰铁石山发现矿苗颇旺的铁矿石山。
彭聘请比利时化验师贺尔慈同本地工匠先小型冶炼、化验，含量在四成以上。
遂在黄河北岸购地建厂,土法采炼半年多。
后因成本太高,含铁量太低而停工。
彭英甲还注意培养本国人才,学习西方的先进科学技术。
他一改甘肃只有文科学堂的惯例,开办了农矿学堂,内设农林、矿物各系,聘请外国人担任英语、法语、化学、物理、数学、地质、测量、采矿、冶炼等科教员,到l912年停办。
l907年,他在农工商矿总局开办了官报局,购进平板印刷机2架,各号铅字l副,开始了兰州的铅字印刷。
支持金县(榆中)知县张体信创办金县工艺局。
他还提倡兴修水利,注重发展农业、手工业。
辛亥革命后,彭调任他职离兰,所办工业陆续停产关厂。
今天，中山桥的观赏价值、历史和文物价值，已远远大于它的交通价值，成为百里黄河风情线上最引人注目的金城一景。
