
玉龙雪山的导游词,短些的
玉龙雪山导游词 亲爱的团友:你们好
我是你们的导游,今天就由我来带领大家走进丽江这神奇而美丽的玉龙雪山
下面就由我向大家介绍一下这个极具有传奇色彩的雪山。
玉龙雪山是北半球最南的大雪山,山势由北向南走向,南北长35公里,东西宽25公里,雪山面积960平方公里,高山雪域风景位于海拔4000米以上。
玉龙雪山,位于丽江坝北边,滇西横断山脉尾部和云岭山脉南端,距丽江县城15公里,山北麓直抵金沙江。
整座雪山由十三峰组成,由北向南有18座海拔在5000米以上的山峰,俗称玉龙十八峰,呈纵向排列,延绵近50公里,东西宽约13公里。
十三峰,峰峰终年积雪不化,似一排玉柱立地擎天,主峰扇子陡,海拔5596米,海拔5596米,地理坐标为东经100.1度,北纬27度,是世界上北半球纬度最低、海拔最高的山峰。
雪山峭拔擎天,平均坡度在40度以上。
玉龙雪山不仅气势磅礴,而且秀丽挺拔,造型玲珑,皎洁如晶莹的玉石,灿烂如十三把利剑,在碧蓝天幕的映衬下,像一条银色的玉龙在作永恒的飞舞,故名玉龙山,意指山峰终年银装素裹,山腰白云缭绕,阳光之下晃然如玉。
又因玉龙雪山的岩性主要为石灰岩与玄武岩,黑白分明,故又称为“黑白雪山”。
后来,人们将它与山脚之下奔腾咆哮的金沙江共同称誉为“玉壁金川”。
。
主峰扇子陡海拔5596米,是世界上北半球纬度最低、海拔最高的山峰。
它位于中国云南省丽江西北,呈南北走向,东西宽约13公里,南北长约35公里,与哈巴雪山对峙,汹涌澎湃的金沙江奔腾其间。
玉龙峰的主峰扇子陡,地理坐标为东经100.1度,北纬27度,雪峰悄拔擎天,雪线高度在4400-4500米之间。
东山脊粒雪盆以上基岩裸露,平均坡度在40度以上,北山脊通过5000米高的鞍部与一个5391米高的山峰相连,沿山脊线望去只见刃脊峥嵘;南山脊下部则为断岩壁。
玉龙雪山在纳西族被称为“波石欧鲁”,意为白沙的银色山岩。
玉龙雪山是纳西族及丽江各民族心目中一座神圣的山,纳西族的保护神“三朵”就是玉龙雪山的化身,至今丽江还举行每年一度盛大的“三朵节”。
唐朝南诏国异牟寻时代,南诏国主异牟寻封岳拜山,曾封赠玉龙雪山为北岳,至今白沙村北北岳庙尚存,仍然庭院幽深,佛面生辉。
拜山朝圣者不绝于途。
元代初年,元世祖忽必烈到丽江时,曾封玉龙雪山为“大圣雪石北岳安邦景帝”,至今白沙村北北岳庙尚存,仍然庭院幽深,佛面生辉。
拜山朝圣者不绝于途。
玉龙雪山迷人的景观、神秘 的传说和至今尚是无人征服的处女峰肯定会让你们心驰神往哦。
玉龙景观玉龙雪山是云南亚热带的极高山地,从山脚河谷到峰顶具备了亚热带、温带到寒带的完整的垂直带自然景观。
雪山自然旅游资源丰富,景观大致可分为雪域•冰川景观、高山草甸景观、原始森林景观、雪山水景等。
玉龙雪山景观大致可分为高山雪域风景、泉潭水域风景、森林风景、草甸风景等,主要景点有玉柱擎天、云杉坪、雪山索道、黑水河、白水河及宝山石头城等。
玉龙雪山不仅巍峨壮丽,而且随四时的更换,阴晴的变化,显示奇丽多姿,时而云雾缠裹,雪山乍隐乍现,似犹抱琵琶半遮面的美女神态;时而山顶云封 ,似乎深奥莫测;时而上下俱开,白云横腰一围,另具一番风姿;时而碧空万里,群峰如洗,闪烁着晶莹的银光。
即使在一天之中,玉龙雪山也是变化无穷。
凌晨,山村尚在酣睡,而雪山却已早迎曙光,峰顶染上晨曦,朝霞映着雪峰,霞光雪光相互辉映;傍晚夕阳西下,余辉山顶,雪山象一位披着红纱的少女,亭亭玉立;月出,星光闪烁,月光柔溶,使雪山似躲进白纱帐中,渐入甜蜜的梦乡。
大家有听说过玉龙雪山十二景吗
就是这十二景,使本来就让人遐想的雪山更添一层神秘的面纱。
玉龙十二景,即:三春烟笼、六月云带、晓前曙色、暝后夕阳、晴霞五色、夜月双辉、绿雪奇峰银灯炫焰、玉湖倒影、龙早生云、金水璧流、白泉玉液。
玉龙雪山以险、奇、美、秀著称于世,气势磅礴,玲珑秀丽,随着时令和阴晴的变化,有时云蒸霞蔚、玉龙时隐时现;有时碧空如水,群峰晶莹耀眼;有时云带束腰,云中雪峰皎洁,云下岗峦碧翠;有时霞光辉映,雪峰如披红纱,娇艳无比。
在雪山这片肥沃的土地上还生长着许多奇花异草,每当春末夏初,百花斗艳,云南八大名花无不具备,仅杜鹃花就有40多种;林木苍郁:以松而言从下到上,分布着云南松、华山松、云杉、红杉、冷杉等;药材的故乡:有虫草、雪茶、雪莲、麻黄、三分三、贝母、茯苓、木香等等很多很多
1988年,玉龙雪山以云南丽江玉龙雪山风景名胜区的名义,被国务院批准列入第二批国家级风景名胜区名单。
2007年5月8日,丽江市玉龙雪山景区经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。
大面积的雪海是优良的天然滑雪场。
据专家考察论证认为:这里是世界上最长的滑雪场,也是最温暖的滑雪场。
为方便游客这里还建成是我国海拔最高的旅游客运索道。
通过方便的设施可以带你进入这个神奇的世界。
作为你们的导游我将竭诚为大家服务,如果大家有什么问题尽管提出,我们会尽力为你们解决。
最后祝大家旅途愉快
天安门导游词
你可以去北京的图书城买一本北京的景点导游词
4年级450字苏州园林导游词
国有句老话:上有天堂,下有苏杭.这句名言吸引着千百万游客来苏州观光.苏州简称苏,东离上海86公里,南接浙江,北依长江,位于长江三角洲中部.苏州今已有2500多年的历史,春秋时期,这里是吴国的都城,建城于公元514年,吴王阖闾命楚国叛将伍子胥\\\\相天法地,相土尝水\\\\',分别有八座水`陆城门.苏州建城早,规模大,变迁小,水陆并行,河街相临古城区仍坐落在原址上.为国内外所罕见.苏州园林甲天下.拙政园,留园,网狮园,狮子林被列为中国四大名园. 芙蓉榭,就是建筑在荷花池边上的水榭。
榭,是苏州园林建筑中的一种类型,造型轻巧,建在水边或高坡上,下面架空或半架空。
芙蓉,有木芙蓉和水芙蓉。
木芙蓉是一种变色花,早晨朝霞初现时是淡红色,中午阳光直射时变成紫红色,傍晚夕阳西下时又变成粉红色,甚为珍贵。
水芙蓉,是指荷花或莲花。
主席诗词中芙蓉国里尽朝晖,指的是水芙蓉。
芙蓉榭的正面一池荷花,背后是一堵高墙,一边开阔、一边封闭的强烈反差,恰如其分地烘托了宁静的气氛。
加拿大温哥华逸园中的水榭,就参照了这个设计,前面是一泓池水,后面是一堵高墙,很有苏州古典园林的味道。
如果您走到芙蓉榭的门前向西面看,可以见到这个水榭进门的门框上装了一个雕花的圆光罩,透过这个圆光罩可以看到前面的小桥流水,犹如一幅镶嵌在圆形镜框里的油画。
如果您走过去再看看仔细,又可以发现这个水榭临水的门框上装了一个雕花的长方形落地罩,前面的河水曲折婉蜒,两岸桃红柳绿,把人引入了一种宁静安谧、淳朴自然的境界中去。
这是苏州园林中一种比较常见的造景手法,叫做框景。
园主想通过这种手法,把来宾们的视线集中到最佳角度,以达到令人满意的效果。
天泉阁,矗立在一片翠绿的草坪上,攒尖戗角,重檐八面,在蓝天白云下显得格外醒目。
相传,这里原来是元代大弘寺的遗址。
筑园时,在寺井上造了天泉阁。
这座建筑物,从外面看似乎是两层,在里边看却只有一层。
欣赏苏州园林里的建筑物,高的楼阁要仰视。
如果您站在天泉阁的戗角下,凝视飘动的浮云,您似乎感到楼阁正在蓝天中翱翔。
这就是苏州园林建筑物上大都建有戗角的奥秘。
这些戗角,除了有利于采光和通风外,主要是增加了动感和美感,成了苏州建筑的地方特色之一。
秫香馆,顾名思义,就是观赏稻麦飘香的地方。
明代归田园居的主人在园林内造有秫香楼,楼可四望,每当夏秋之交,家田种秫,皆在望中。
现在见到的秫香馆,其主体建筑是60年代重修拙政园时从东山搬迁而来,体型偏大,与原景略有不同。
值得一提的是,西南角樟树旁,有一处池岛假山小品。
这座湖石假山上顶着一块大石头,外形很像一只翻底待修的小木船。
前面湖面开阔,四周灌木丛生,不远处有几株芦苇,正像太湖边上一个小小的港湾。
古代苏州园林的园主,有的是朝廷大臣,有的是封疆大吏,有的是外放州县,也曾经安邦济世,劳碌了一阵子,因为种种原因卸任还乡,在远离京都的苏州,他们找到了安静的港湾。
这里风俗清雅,物产丰富,既可以享尽清福,又可以避开政敌,成了达官贵人隐退后选择的最佳地点。
正是由于这个原因,他们对佛教的空无学说、道教的出世思想、儒家的隐逸主张特别欣赏,就以避世、淡泊为主题,营造山林野趣,想在独立的小天地里实现自己的人格理想。
正所谓,扁舟一叶,浪迹天涯,人迹罕至,方为我家。
拙政园东部和中部,是用一条长长的复廊隔开的。
走廊的墙壁上开有25个漏窗,就像精雕细作的剪纸图案,镶嵌在长长的画轴上面。
人们信步走在游廊里,随着漏窗花纹的更换,园内的景色也在不断地变幻。
这种现象,称作移步换景。
如果您再仔细看一看,漏窗上不同的图案,所表现的都是水波纹和冰棱纹,池中欢快的涟漪叠印在窗上凝固的波纹上,更加渲染了苏州水文化的氛围。
当我们打开复廊里的黑漆大门,就来到了中部花园。
来宾们站在倚虹轩旁,向西眺望时,大家的第一印象应该是,这里池面宽广,景色秀丽。
细心的朋友们还可以发现,在亭台楼阁之旁,在小桥流水之上,在古树花木之间,屹立着一座宝塔,给人以一种庭院深深深几许的感觉。
这一借景手法,运用得很成功,园主确实是费尽了心机。
因为中部花园东西长,南北窄,有一种压抑感,于是园主利用低洼的地势凿池叠山。
用假山遮住两边的围墙,而池面上留出了大量的空间,使人感到开阔而深远。
中部花园里的建筑物,大小不同,形状各异,高低错落,疏密有致。
每一个建筑物都是一个极佳的观景点,而每一个建筑物也都是景点的重要组成部分。
中英文对照导游词
北京天安门 中英文导游词Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps: 1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony) 2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower. 3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed. 4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites. 5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”. During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities. On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution. The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept. The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west. The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament. The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely. In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration. On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\\\\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper. Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st. Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features. 2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC); 2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.); 3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.); 4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.) The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949. 3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value. On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai. At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are: 1) The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi; 3) The Revolution of 1911; 4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919; 5) The May 30th Movement of 1925; 6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi; 7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945; 8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”. 4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977. The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children. Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country. In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him. On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country. Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999. 各位游客朋友: 我们我们现在已经来到了天安门广场。
大家可以看一下,我们现在的位置是在天安门广场南北方向的中轴线上,距我们南面的人民英雄纪念碑大约有100米左右的距离。
我们今天在天安门广场游览的时间是30分钟。
大家向我这里聚一下,我先给大家简要介绍一下天安门广场的主要景观。
(手势,向北指)大家先向这边看。
(稍停顿,待游客目光集中于手指方向)我爱北京--天-安-门。
一会儿,我会向大家详细介绍天安门的的沧桑历史。
除了天安门城楼外,我还要向您介绍天安门前的金水桥、以及桥前的华表和石狮。
大家回一下头,您看到了,这就是庄严挺拔的人民英雄纪念碑了,随后我也将向您讲一讲她的故事。
纪念碑南边的建筑就是毛主席纪念堂,我们今天的行程没有安排大家瞻仰毛主席遗容,如果您有意去的话,可以告诉我,我会尽量满足您的愿望。
天安门广场东侧的建筑是中国革命历史博物馆,这里陈列了大量珍贵的革命历史文物。
和她相对着的,(手势,向西指)西边的这座建筑,就是非常著名的人民大会堂。
关于她,一会儿我也会向您做详细介绍。
好好好,大家现在可以在广场上拍照留念。
拍照前我给大家提个醒,大家尽量避免站在这条中轴线上拍照,旗杆可能会影响您的拍摄效果。
另外,大家如果在纪念碑前拍照的话,建议您到纪念碑的那一侧去拍,在这边是逆光,会影响照片的效果。
给大家10分钟时间,拍完照请到这里集合,我在这里等大家. 下面我首先为大家介绍一下天安门城楼。
天安门原为明清两代皇城的正门,始建于明永乐十五年(1417),最初叫做承天门,取承天启运,受命于天之意。
清顺治八年(1651年)重修而改名天安门,含受命于天和安邦治民的意思。
至今已有580多年的历史了,是全国重点文物保护单位。
天安门城楼,建筑在巨大条石砌成的须弥座式城台上,造型庄重浑厚,宏伟典雅,是中国传统建筑艺术的典型代表作之一。
城楼通高34.7米。
城台上的大殿宽九楹(62.77米),进深五楹(27.25米),象征封建帝王的九五至尊。
大殿为重檐歇山式,朱墙黄琉璃瓦顶。
南面设有菱花隔扇门、窗36扇,殿内外立有直径2米的巨柱60根,天花、斗拱、梁枋等处、均绘满了最高等级的金龙和玺彩画,金碧辉煌,极为雄伟壮观。
1988年的元旦,天安门城楼正式对外向游客开放。
在天安门高大的暗红城墙中辟有五个券洞门,明清时代,这里的门、桥行走规制森严,中门为皇帝进出专用。
皇帝每年冬至往天坛祭天,夏至去地坛祭地,孟春赴先农坛耕籍田,都要出入天安门。
那么,在当时,是不是只有皇帝一人才能进出中门呢
这位朋友答的对,不是。
大家知道还有什么人可以走这里吗
(稍做停顿)让我来告诉大家。
此外,皇帝的父母可从中门入宫;皇帝大婚,皇后可从中门进入一次;新科状元等金殿传胪后,可从中门出宫一回。
除此之外,严禁任何人进出,否则是要治重罪的。
中门左右的两座旁门,供宗室王公和三品以上文武百官通行。
过去天安门是座只进喜,不出丧的吉祥之门 好好天安门的设计者是蒯(kuǎi)祥。
蒯祥是江苏吴县人,明初洪武年间生于木匠家庭,他的父亲是一位有名望的木工师傅,能主建大型工程。
蒯祥受父亲影响,从小学艺,勤奋好学,聪慧过人,三十来岁时,已成为才华出众的木工匠师了。
燕王朱棣,也就是后来的永乐皇帝,经靖难之役取得帝位后,决定从南京迁都北京。
永乐四年至十八年(1406-1420),明成祖朱棣调集全国各地的能工巧匠前来北京营建工程巨大、难度极高的天安门(初名承天门)等宏伟建筑。
蒯祥以高超的设计方案和精湛的建筑技艺,被推选为皇宫工程的建筑设计师。
当时人们尊称他为蒯鲁班。
蒯祥曾担任建筑皇家宫殿的官吏,直至工部左侍郎等官职,为中国的民族建筑艺术创下了光辉的业绩。
天安门是明清两朝历代帝王金凤颁诏的重地,凡遇国家庆典、新帝即位、皇帝结婚、册立皇后,都需要在此举行颁诏仪式。
届时于城楼大殿前正中设立宣诏台。
由礼部尚书在紫禁城太和殿奉接皇帝诏书,盖上御宝,把诏书敬放在云盘内,捧出太和门,置于抬着的龙亭内,再出午门,登上天安门城楼。
然后将诏书恭放于宣诏台上,由宣诏官进行宣读。
文武百官按等级依次排列于金水桥南,面北而跪恭听。
宣诏完毕,就把皇帝诏书衔放在一只木雕金凤的嘴里,再用黄绒绳从上系下,礼部官员托着朵云盘在下跪接,接着用龙亭将诏书抬到礼部,经黄纸誊写,分送各地,布告天下。
这种颁发封建帝王圣旨礼仪的全过程,就叫做金凤颁诏。
好好我国古代有人生四喜的说法,也就是久旱逢甘霖,他乡遇故知,洞房花烛夜,金榜题名时。
现在,问大家一个有意思的问题,哪位朋友知道,金榜题名的金榜张贴在什么地方
(稍停,待游客猜测)到底在哪里呢
请听我下文分解。
明清时代盛行科举制度,每逢殿试后的第三天,新考中的进士们恭立于天安门金水桥南,等候传呼他们进太和殿朝拜皇帝的礼仪,名叫金殿传胪。
当在太和殿传胪唱名后,礼部官员捧着皇帝钦定的黄榜,带领新科状元、榜眼、探花们出午门,再将黄榜放在龙亭内,在鼓乐仪仗的簇拥下抬出天安门,将黄榜张贴于龙门,也就是当时的长安左门外的龙棚里,公布天下,这里就是张贴金榜的地方,长安左门的位置大致是现在的劳动人民文化宫门前东南侧。
天安门历经沧桑,在新中国成立后,更焕发出了耀人的光彩。
1949年的10月1日,主席在天安门城楼上向全世界宣布了社会主义新中国的诞生,天安门不再是至高无上的封建皇权的象征,而成为了一个新生的人民民主国家的标志,在国徽图案的中央,我们可以看到这座庄严雄伟的建筑。
建国以后,这里成为国家举行重大庆典活动的场所,特别是每逢国庆,党和国家领导人都要登上天安门城楼主持庆典并和各界群众联欢。
天安门前的金水河又称御河、外金水河。
河上横跨七座石桥,中桥正对天安门的中门,叫御路桥,最宽大,雕龙修饰,供帝、后专用。
两旁桥名王公桥,为宗室王公行走。
外侧的两桥称品级桥,供三品以上官员通行。
以上五桥均为三孔。
位于太庙(今劳动人民文化宫)和社稷坛(今中山公园)门前的单孔石桥,叫公生桥,为四品以下官员过往。
那时门、桥行走等级森严,不得有丝毫触犯。
天安门前,也是明清两代进行秋审和朝审的地方。
封建王朝的最高执法机关--刑部衙门,每年五月要把全国各省被判死刑的囚犯名单汇集起来,敬呈皇帝过目。
八月中旬,皇帝诏令有关官员在天安门前进行最后判决,这叫秋审。
朝审则在霜降后举行,主要终审在北京刑部监狱里关押的死刑犯。
这就是为什么以前被判处死刑的人要秋后问斩。
凡经秋审、朝审判处死刑的人,立即推出虎门--长安右门,押赴宣武门外的菜市口等刑场处决。
因此人们对长安左、右门,有龙门与虎门之称。
即凡出'龙门者,荣登金榜,前程似锦;而押出虎门者,则被终判死罪,毫无生还之望。
长安右门的位置大致是在现中山公园门前西南侧。
在天安门南北门外,分别耸立有一对雕刻精美、挺拔秀丽的云龙华表。
据《淮南子·主术训》记载,远在尧舜时代就有街头设表木的做法,用以王者纳谏,征求民众意见以治天下。
到秦汉时期,表木被改为指路标,叫华表。
后来华表经不断美化,便逐渐演变成为中国独具民族建筑特色的艺术装饰品,深为世人所青睐。
系神话传说中的神异物,用汉白玉石雕成蹲于每支华表顶端的承露盘中,双目炯炯有神,密切注视前方。
于天安门里的 脸朝北,双目紧盯皇宫,名望君出,它提醒皇帝不要迷恋深宫生活,而应及时出宫巡视,以利治理天下。
在天安门外一对华表的 则脸朝南,双目向远方眺望,名望君归。
它时时关注皇帝外巡中的行为举止,如不检点或时间长了,望君归就呼唤帝王不得沉米山水、野趣、而应早日回宫,料理国家大事。
好好天安门金水桥前的这一对大石狮,雕工精绝,造型逼真,威武异常。
它们的双目都紧紧注视着天安门前正中的御道(中轴线),以体现它们是封建帝王忠实的卫士身份。
朋友们来看西边的这一只石狮,它的肚皮上有一个深深的洞,这是怎么回事呢
这里有一个很有传奇色彩的故事,据说明代崇祯十七年(1644年)四月,农民起义军首领闯王李自成攻打北京时,当他率军冲进天安门前的T形广场后,只见皇城的大门--承天门就在眼前。
对此,他愤怒地拈弓搭箭,只听嗖….的一声,正射中承天门匾额的天字,顿时众军喝彩,欢声雷动,随后李闯王收起硬弓,挺枪跃马一直奔金水桥冲杀过去。
突然,桥头的两只大石狮张牙舞爪,凶猛阻挡去路。
闯王见此怒不可遏,挺枪刺去,即刻火花四溅,长枪戳向了一只狮子的腹部。
双狮见势不妙,拖着悲惨的哀鸣声,各自退回了原位。
现在的这个洞,就是枪伤疤了。
朋友们,我们面前的这条街就是有神州第一街美誉的长安街。
长安街,当年从长安左门至东单牌楼,名东长安街;从长安右门至西单牌楼,叫西长安街。
古时东西长安街仅3.7公里,有十里长街之称,这是京城历史上有名的天街,其名取自盛唐时代的大都城--长安,含长治久安的之意。
长安街修筑于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406-1420),与皇城同时建造,是明代兴建北京城总体规划的重要组成部分之一。
东西平行走向的长安街,与纵横南北八公里长的御道中轴线,在天安门前正好垂直相交成准确的十字型经纬座标中心点,从而构成了北京城座北朝南,街巷纵横的总体布局。
原东、西长安左、右门前分别均竖有巨型下马碑,上刻官员人等,到此下马。
古代皇宫内是严禁骑马的,除非是金殿传胪时的新科状元,可骑皇帝御赐的高头大马,在长安街上走过,以示皇恩浩荡。
清王朝灭亡后,内城墙中东西两侧的建国门与复兴门在民国二十九年(1940)被打开的。
新中国成立以后,街面被展宽为50-100米,东西长安街的延伸线东达通州,西抵石景山,总长50公里,有百里长街的美称。
大家现在随我通过地下通道去天安门广场,上下台阶时请您注意安全。
(天安门广场) 我们现在处的这个位置是天安门广场,位于北京城的中心。
其南北长880米,东西宽500米,占地面积44万平方米。
可容纳100万人举行盛大的集会、游行,是当今世界上最宏大的城市中心广场和最著名的旅游胜地之一。
在明清时代,天安门广场是一处皇家禁地,由宫墙围护,仅设三门。
即南有大明门(清朝改称大清门,辛亥革命后叫中华门)、东有长安左门、西有长安右门。
三门之间形成一个封闭式的T字形宫廷广场,原是天安门前举行皇家活动的重要场所。
在T形广场的东、西、南三面,当时建有通脊联檐的朝房144间,名叫千步廊,以供场内活动之用。
清代乾隆年间,又在东、西长安左、右门外加筑三座门,严禁行人过往。
那时人们来往于东城和西城之间,需要绕行于大清门以南或地安门以北,极为不便。
在天安门T形广场东、西千步廊外的大片地带,原是明清两代皇家最高官署衙门的集结之地。
如:东侧(今历史博物馆一带)有礼部、户部、吏部、工部、兵部、宗人府、鸿胪寺、钦天监和太医院等中央文职机关。
西侧(人民大会堂一带)设有銮仪卫(御林军)太常寺、通政司和前、中、后、左、右五军都督府等武职机构。
过去有文东武西和东掌生、西掌死之说,指的就是这些关系到人们生死荣辱的封建王朝的最高权力衙门而言。
明清两朝,从天安门T形广场南端的大明门(清时叫大清门,今毛主席纪念堂一带)至正阳门之间,有一块方形场地,宛如棋盘,故有棋盘街之名。
当年人们喜爱在此贩卖风味小吃、小百货,以及表演戏曲、杂耍等,情似庙会,非常热闹。
由于



