众所周知，谚语乃是一种语言的精华，寓意深刻，表达隽永。在考研写作中如能适当地引用一些谚语，可以为文章增辉添彩。一些同学在平时的学习中积累了一些谚语，但在写作时不知道该如何将它们恰当地引用到文章中去，本文拟根据近年来《纽约时报》引用谚语的情况，总结出英语中常见的引用谚语的地道表达法，供同学们写作时模仿使用。
谚语在英语中叫proverb，引用时经常会在其前面酌情加上old, Chinese, English, Russian之类的形容词;动词一般用go, say, state, has it, put it等，在这些动词后面用逗号或冒号皆可。谚语可加双引号(这时谚语的第一个字母要大写)，也可不加双引号(这时第一个字母一般不大写)。引用谚语的表达方式常见的有如下十种：
1) A proverb goes / says, ---
2) As a / the proverb goes / says, ---
A Yiddish proverb goes, “Better to lose with a wise man than win with a fool.”
有一句依地语谚语说得好，“宁输智者，不赢傻子。”(August 14, 2000)
A proverb says, “Medicine cures the man who is fated not to die.
有一句谚语说，“命不该死有药救。”(July 16, 2009)
As a Chinese proverb goes, “Don’t climb a tree to look for fish.”
正如中国的一句谚语所说，“不要缘木求鱼。”(April 24, 2000)
As the old Chinese proverb says, “If you do not enter a tiger’s den, you cannot get her cubs.”
正如中国的一句谚语所说，“不入虎穴，焉得虎子。”(November 15, 1993)
3) As a / the proverb has it / puts it,
4) A proverb has it that ---
As a Spanish proverb has it, “Flies don’t enter a closed mouth.”
正如一句西班牙谚语所说，“祸从口入。”(July 26, 1992)
As a Navajo proverb puts it, “What comes around goes around.”
正如纳瓦霍族的一句谚语所说，“一报还一报。”(May 28, 1987)
As a local proverb here in Chad puts it: A woman who is pregnant has one foot in the grave.
正如乍得当地的一句谚语所说：女人怀宝宝，鬼门关上走一遭。(March 20, 2004)
An old proverb has it that “if the thorn doesn’t scratch when it first emerge, it will never scratch.”
有一句古老的谚语说，“如果荆棘刚长出时不扎手，那么它就永远不扎手。”(March 26, 2006)
5) There is a proverb: ---
6) There is a / the proverb that goes / states, ---
There’s an African proverb: “Educate a boy, and educate an individual. Educate a girl, and you educate a community.”
有一句非洲的谚语说：“教育好一个男孩，仅教育好一人。教育好一个女孩，则教育好一群人。”(August 19, 2009)
There’s a Russian proverb that goes: you must support the most talented people because untalented people will support themselves.
有一句俄罗斯谚语说，你须拥戴贤人，庸者仅会自顾。(December 31, 1995)
There is an old Jewish proverb that states: “A Shekel is always better in my pocket than in yours. “
有一句古老的犹太谚语说：“金币在我口袋里总比在你口袋里强。”(August 10, 2009)
7) ---, a / the proverb goes, ---
8) ---, goes a / the proverb, ---
“A river is deep,” an old African proverb goes, “because of its source.”
有一句古老的.非洲谚语说，河有源泉水才深。(September 24, 2008)
To kill a snake, goes an old African proverb, you must first crush the head.
有一句古老的非洲谚语说，打蛇先打头。(September 22, 1985)
9) --- have a proverb that goes, ---
10) There exists a proverb. It goes, ---
The Arabs have a proverb that goes, “When the sultan’s dog died, everyone marched in his funeral. But when the sultan himself died, no one marched at all. “
阿拉伯人有一句谚语是这样说的，“当苏丹的狗死了，人人都为之送葬。而当苏丹死了，却无人为之送葬。”(November 27, 1983)
There exists an old Soviet proverb. It goes, “In the monastery, you don’t offer your own view.”
有一个古老的俄罗斯谚语说，“。”(May 17, 1984)
谚语作为群众集体智慧的结晶，多具有鲜明的民族性和地域特色。由于中西文化的差异，一些在汉语中人们耳熟能详的谚语却未必为西方人所理解。所以在引用汉语谚语时，如果中国特色过于浓厚，则可舍其形而取其意，写成英语中与之意思对等的西方谚语。例如，有的同学想表达这个意思：本性难移，于是写道：As a Chinese proverb goes, a dog cannot change its habit of eating shit. 这样写不但失之粗鄙，还会让爱犬的西方人大惑不解。所以，这个意思宜写成A leopard cannot change its spots. 或者A fox may grow gray, but never good.
英文论文的参考文献格式一：
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[2] Lam WY, Su R K L, Pam H J. Experimental study of plate-reinforced composite deep coupling beams[J]. Structural Design Tall Special Building, 2009（18）： 235-257
[3] ACI 318-02: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI318R-02:Commentary, An ACI Standard, reported by ACI Com-mittee318, American Concete Institute, 2002
[4] Siu W H, Su R K L. Effects of plastic hinges on partial interaction behaviour of bolted side-plated beams[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2010, 66（5）：622-633
[5] Xie Q. State of the art of buckling-restrained braces inAsia[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2005, 61（6）：727-748
[6] Kim J,Chou H. Behavior and design of structures with buckling-restrained braces[J].Structural Engineering, 2004,26（6）：693-706
[7] Tsai K C, Lai J W. A study of buckling restrained seismic braced frame[J].Structural Engineering, Chinese Society of Structural Engineering, 2002, 17（2）：3-32
[8] Patrick J. Fortney, Bahrem M. Shahrooz, Gian A. Rassati. Large-Scale Testing of a Replaceable “Fuse” Steel Coupling Beam[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering.DECEMBER 2007:1801-1807
[9] Qihong Zhao. Cyclic Behavior of traditional and Innovative Composite Shear Walls[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, Feb. 2004:271-284
英文论文的参考文献格式二：
[1] Zhixin W, Chuanwen J, Qian A, et al. The key technology of offshore wind farm and its new development in China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13（1）：216-222.
[2] Shahir H, Pak A. Estimating liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations by numerical approach[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2010, 37（3）： 267-279.
[3] Hausler EA. Influence of ground improvement on settlement and liquefaction:a study based on field case history evidence and dynamic geotechnicalcentrifuge tests. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley; 2002.
[4] Kemal Hac efendio lu. Stochastic seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbine including fluid‐structure‐soil interaction[J]. Struct. Design Tall Spec. Build.,2010,
[5] Arablouei A, Gharabaghi A R M, Ghalandarzadeh A, et al. Effects of seawater–structure–soil interaction on seismic performance of caisson-type quay wall[J]. Computers &Structures, 2011, 89（23）： 2439-2459.
[6] Zafeirakos A, Gerolymos N. On the seismic response of under-designed caisson foundations[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2013: 1-36.
[7] Snyder B, Kaiser M J. Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy[J]. Renewable Energy, 2009, 34（6）： 1567-1578.
[8] Ding H, Qi L, Du X. Estimating soil liquefaction in ice-induced vibration of bucket foundation[J]. Journal of cold regions engineering, 2003, 17（2）： 60-67.
[9] Shooshpasha I, Bagheri M. The effects of surcharge on liquefaction resistance of silty sand[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2012: 1-7.
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教材简析
本次口语交际的内容是“向人请教”。教材由两部分构成：第1部分说明性文字有3层意思。一是提出问题“怎样向别人请教”，二是向人请教的注意事项。内容方面要先想清楚，做到心中有数，不懂就问;态度方面要谦虚、诚恳、有礼貌等。三是本次口语交际的操作要求。第2部分为一幅插图，提示了一个向人请教的情境。
设计理念
遵循口语交际的教学活动主要应在具体的交际环境中进行的原则，本次口语交际注重创设交际情境，引导学生深入情境体会角色，利用“自主、合作、探究”的学习方式，组织学生广泛参与，双向、多向互动，学会请教问题，学会解答问题。使学生在语言实践中形成口语交际能力，同时训练学生的创新思维。
教学目标：
1.掌握不同场合向别人请教的方法，提高学生口语交际的能力。
2.培养学生勤学好问，认真倾听的好习惯。
教学重、难点
要学会请教，善于请教。
教学时间
1课时。
教学过程
一、创设情境，引入话题
1.读诗设境。
今天老师给大家带来了一首好听的古诗，请同学们认真地听：山亭夏日，唐，高……(假装遇见不会读“骈”字;作惭愧状)今天老师没做好备课工作，遇见了一个不会读的字(板书“骈”)，我们班的学习小能手xxx，你能帮帮我吗?
2.学生交流。
学生A：老师，对不起，我也不认识这个字。
没关系，看来这个字真的很难，不过同样要谢谢你。
学生B：老师，这个字读pián。
谢谢你，今天你可真是帮了老师的大忙了，看来你的识字量真是不少啊!
3.揭示话题。(读诗后)在平时的生活与学习中，我们经常会遇见一些疑惑和困难，怎么办?(学生交流)，对，向人请教(板书课题)。
二、联系生活，展开话题
1.遇到疑惑，向别人请教是一个很好的习惯。古往今来，有很多名人都有这样的习惯。孔子曾说过：三人行必有我师，意思是说身边的每个人都有值得我们学习和请教的地方。在平时的生活和学习中，你向别人请教过吗?该怎样向人请教 ?我们先来读读书上的提示。
2.请同学们打开课本，自主阅读教材。
3.你读懂了什么?小组讨论，总结出在向别人请教时需要注意哪些方面?
(1)学生自读短文，讨论交流。
(2)归纳总结，向人请教时的注意事项：
① 想清楚问什么、问几个问题。没听懂的问题要及时问明白。
②态度谦虚、诚恳，讲礼貌，边听边记。
4.假设情境，让学生进行表演对话。
(1)观察课本插图，扮演其中的人物说一说。
(2)假设你遇到了下列情形，你打算怎么向别人请教?同桌选择其中一个你感兴趣的情境进行对话表演。
多媒体出示情境：
①爸爸送给你一部英语学习机，你想知道学习机如何使用，可惜说明书找不到了。于是你找到销售专柜，向营业员请教。
②同学约定周末聚会，你要准备一道菜，你向妈妈请教“鸡蛋炒西红柿”的'做法。
③爷爷在家养起了金鱼，不知道是什么原因，没到一个月金鱼就陆续地死了。问题出在什么地方呢?你到鱼店老板那里去请教养金鱼的技巧。
(3)扮演角色，小组练习。
根据请教的对象不同，引导学生进入角色，进行“体验性”的演练。在交际的过程中，注意落实向不同的人请教时，态度、语言、表情、动作等方面的要求。)
(4)选择两组学生汇报表演，引导学生从请教的内容、态度等方面进行评价。。
三、总结
知识的海洋浩瀚无垠，只有学会不断地向别人虚心请教，不断地释疑解惑，才能学到更多的知识，才能到达成功的彼岸。
