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形容词加句子成分语法聚集60句

时间:2018-01-23 03:03

(一)句子成分的定义:

构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分,语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

We often speak English in class.(代词)

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:

谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

(四)表语:

表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

Is it yours?(代词)

The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

The speech is exciting.(分词)

Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

His job is to teach English.(不定式)

His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:

宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

(六)宾语补足语:

英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

His father named him Dongming.(名词)

They painted their boat white.(形容词)

Let the fresh air in.(副词)

You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

(七)定语:

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)

There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)

He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)

(八)状语:

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)

He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)

He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)

Wait a minute.(名词)

Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)

Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)

I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语)

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)

She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)

I am taller than he is.(比较状语)

练习

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

1. The students got on the school bus.

2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class.

4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

5. They went hunting together early in the morning.

6. His job is to train swimmers.

7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

8. There is going to be an American film tonight.

9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

10. His wish is to become a scientist.

11. He managed to finish the work in time.

12. Tom came to ask me for advice.

13. He found it important to master English.

14. Do you have anything else to say?

15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.

16. Would you please tell me your address?

17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

19. He noticed a man enter the room.

20. The apples tasted sweet.

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(-)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语

1、主语

一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置:

The school is far from here. 名词做主语

She goes to school by bike.

Eight is a lucky number.

The blind need more help. 代词做主语 数词做主语 名词化的形容词做主语

There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语

Predicting the future is interesting.

To be a doctor is my dream.

2、谓语

表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.

英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的构成。 分析句子的主语和谓语

Mr. Li teaches English.

He can play the piano.

My parents and I are having dinner.

3、表语

用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

表语的位置

用在动词be和系动词的后面。

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Your pen is on the desk.

He got very angry.

My dream is to have a robot. 动名词做主语 不定式短语做主语

常见的系动词

1. be动词

2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等

3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等

上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。

4、宾语

是动作的对象或承受者。.

及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.

不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.

宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.

I saw a plane in the sky just now.

I want three. 名词做宾语 数词做宾语

I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语

We think predicting the future is hard.

5、宾语补足语(宾补) 宾语从句

有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。 充当宾补的有:

1. 形容词作宾语补足语

The sun keeps us warm.

2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:

I found her in the room.

3. 副词作宾语补足语。

Please let him in.

4. 名词作宾语补足语。

We made him monitor of the class.

5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。

I asked him to come.

6、定语

定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的)

1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)

They have a clever son.

I have something important to tell you.

2. 名词作定语:

Is it a color film?

名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:

school bus, ticket office, paper flowers

但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop

man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:

men drivers , women doctors

3. 代词作定语:

This song is better than that one.

4. 数词作定语:

There are only thirty students in our class.

带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.

a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy

5. 副词作定语():

Do you know the young man over there?

6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):

The students in our class like swimming.

7、状语

, .

1. 副词作状语:

The old man is walking slowly.

The boy is very clever.

2. 介词短语作状语: 表方式 表程度

I have lived in Shanghai for five years.

3. 不定式作状语 表时间

I come here to see you.

4. 现在分词作状语 表目的

The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式

5. 状语从句

We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

状语的位置

1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。

We like our school very much.

2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.

I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.

3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,

用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后

I usually get up early.

He is often late.

一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末

only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.

The actor only sang a song.

Only the actor sang a song.

The actor sang only one song.

两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序

1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.

We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.

2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大

Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.

3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词 She sang very well at the meeting last night.

时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯

Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.

初中英语语法句子成分练习

初中英语语法综合练习题

1、 A.ask B.answer C.to ask

2、We'll try there on time.

A.to get B.getting C.got

3、They hoped their mother soon.

A.to see B.saw C.seeing

4、I'm glad A.meet B.met C.to meet

5、He often helps me my bike.

A.mending B.to mend C.to mended

6、I heard Alice in the next door.

A.sings B.sang C.sing

7、 it by himself.

A.do B.to do C.doing

8、He saw Dick in and take a book away.

A.came B.coming C.come

9、Does Jack want A.be B.is C.to be

10、The boss had them A.worked B.working C.work

11、It's time A.to go B.went C.going

12、 you.

A.to help B.help C.helped

13、Don't forget your books to school.

A.bring B.to bring C.brought

14、I don't know A.where does he live B.what is he doing

C.where he lives D.what he is dring it

15、Ask him how much A.did it cost B.cost it C.it costed D.it costs

16、 used for.

A.what was this room B.which was this room

C.what this room was D.that this room was

17、I really don't know A.where he was born B.where he is born

C.where was he born D.where is he born

18、We have no idea A.how worried was he B.how worried he was

C.that was he worried D.what was he worried

19、He wanted to know there.

A.how long time I had been B.how long had I been

C.how long I had been D.how long I was

20、My mother wants to know A.how is Tom getting along B.how he is getting along(相处)

C.what is he getting along D.what he is getting along

21、What shall we do A.if B.when C.since

22、手术 was over.

A.before B.after C.until

23、 A.when B.until C.because

24、 A.if B.while C.because

25、Finish doing your homework A.before B.until C.after

26、The film was

A.as, as B.So(形容词), that C.Such(名词), that

27、he heard a girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.

A.Before B.As soon as C.after

28、There are in Class Two.

A.as many, than B.as much, as

C.more, than D.so many, as

29、I was watching TV, my sister was litening to the radio programme.

A.After B.While C.Before

30、Let's wait for him A.until, will come B.until, came

C.if, will come D.until, comes

句子成分有六种——主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。

第一部分

一、主语、谓语

1、主语

多表示人或事物。作为被陈述的对象,在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。例如:

(1)今 天 晚 上 ‖ 特 别 冷。

主语(偏正短语) 谓语

(2) ,我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。

状语(时间) 主语(代词) 谓语

以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。例如:

(1) 笑 ‖ 是具有多重意义的语言。

主语(动词) 谓语

(2)公正廉洁 ‖ 是公职人员行为的准则。

主语(形容词联合短语) 谓语

2、谓语

是对主语的叙述、描写或判断,能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。(1)动词性词语经常做谓语。例如:

他‖答应了<一声>。

主语 谓语(状语+动词+补语)

南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。

主语谓语(动词+补语+定语+宾语)

我‖去<了><一趟>北京。

主语 谓语(状+动+补+宾)

(2)形容词性词语也经常做谓语。例如:

太阳‖热烘烘的。

主语谓语(形容词+的)

人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。

主语 谓语(形容词+补语)

说话‖简洁<些>。

主语 谓语(状语+形容词+补语)

(3)主谓短语做谓语。例如:

这件事‖大家都赞成。

主语 谓语(主谓短语)

任何困难‖她都能克服。

主语 谓语(主谓短语)

大家的事情‖大家办。

主语 谓语(主谓短语)

(4)名词性词语做谓语。这种情况很少见,有一定的条件限制。可参考文言文中的判断句。例如:

鲁迅‖浙江绍兴人。

主语 谓语(名词短语)

明天‖教师节。

主语 谓语(名词)

她 ‖大眼睛,红脸蛋。

主语 谓语(定中短语,表容貌)

二、动语、宾语

1、动语

动语和宾语是共存的两个成分,没有宾语,就无所谓动语,动语又决定宾语的性质。动语由动词性词语构成。例如:

他终于露出了笑容。(中补短语作动语)

你们要学好用好祖国的语言文字。(联合短语作动语)

山坡上下来两个人。(不及物动词作动语)

他昨天哭湿了一个枕头。(中补短语作动语)

2、宾语

(1)名词性宾语。例如:

玫 瑰 花 我 给 你 们 俩 十 朵 , 给 你 紫 红 的 , 给 她 粉 红 的 。

近宾 远宾 近宾 远宾 近宾 远宾

(2)谓词性宾语。例如:

最有效的防御手段是进攻。(动词作宾语)

谁说女子不如男?(主谓短语作宾语)

早上一起床,大家发现风停了,浪也静了。(复句形式作宾语)

三、定语、状语、补语

1、定语

(1)描写性定语,多由形容词性成分充当。例如:

(弯弯曲曲)的小河。青春气息。(风平浪静)的港湾。

(2)限制性定语:给事物分类或划定范围,使语言更加准确严密。例如:

(晓风残月中)的长城。(野生)动物。(古城大理)的湖光山色。

(3)助词“的”:定语和中心语的组合,有的必须加“的”,有的不能加“的”,有的可加可不加。

单音节形容词作定语,通常不加“的”,例如:(红)花、(绿)叶、(新)学校、(好)主意等。

双音节形容词作定语,常常加上“的”,特别是用描写状态的词,例如:(晴朗)的天、(优良)的传统、(动听)的歌声、(粉红)的脸等。

2、状语

(1)描写性状语:主要修饰谓词性成分,有的是描写动作状态,有些是限制或描写人物情态。例如:

他出现在大家面前。 小李地对我说。

(2)限制性状语:主要表示时间、处所、程度、否定、方式、手段、目的、范围、对象、数量、语气等。例如:

,天很闷,风很小。 跑一趟。(方式) 她的身上是水。(净=全,表范围)

(3)助词“地”:助词“地”是状语的标志。状语后面加不加“地”的情况很复杂。单音节副词做状语,一定不加,有些双音节副词加不加“地”均可,例如“非常热︰非常地热”。形容词里,单音节形容词做状语比较少,大都也不能加“地”,例如“快跑、苦练、大干”。多音节形容词有相当一部分加不加都可以,例如“热烈讨论︰热烈地讨论/仔细看了半天︰仔细地看了半天”

3、补语

(1)结果补语:表示动作、行为产生的结果,与中心语有因果关系,补语常用的是形容词,少数用动词。例如:

这个字写〈错〉了。 她哭〈红〉了双眼。 上课前十分钟你得叫〈醒〉我。

(2)程度补语:程度补语很少,限于用“极、很”和虚义的“透、慌、死、坏”等,表示达到极点或很高的程度,也可以用量词短语“一些、一点”表示很轻的程度。谓语中心语多是形容词。例如:

心里痛快〈极〉了。 这几天真是烦〈透〉了。 这家伙讨厌〈死〉了。 比上次要好〈一点〉。

(3)状态补语:表示由于动作、性状而呈现出来的状态。中心语和补语中间都有助词“得”。例如:

有的同学对许多问题想得〈太简单,太浅〉。 讲的人讲得〈眉飞色舞〉,听的人听得〈津津有味〉。 他高兴得〈眼泪都流出来了〉。

(4)趋向补语:表示动作的方向或事物随动作而活动的方向,用趋向动词充当。例如:

远处传〈来〉了他的笑声。 所有的同学都坚持〈下来〉了。 人绝不能轻易把生命交〈出去〉。

(5)数量补语:表示动作发生的次数,动作持续的时间,或者动作实现以后到目前所经历的整段时间。例如:

看了<几遍>。 等了<一会儿>。 来了<两个月>。

(6)时间、处所补语:多用介词短语来表示动作发生的时间和处所,包括表示动作的终止地点。例如:

她生〈在南海〉,却不知道死〈在何方〉。 这件事发生〈在2008年〉。

(7)可能补语:这种补语的中心语主要是动词,也有少数是形容词。补语有两种,一种是用“得”或“不得”充当,表示动作结果能实现或不能实现,另一种是在结果补语或趋向补语和中心与之间“得/不”,表示动作的结果、趋向可能不可能实现。例如:

这个东西吃〈得〉吃〈不得〉? 作业一定要认真做,马虎〈不得〉。 看得清楚,看<不>清楚?

第二部分

四、中心语

中心语是偏正(定中、状中)短语、中补短语里的'中心成分。

1、与定语相对的中心语(简称“定语中心语”)

定语中心语通常由名词性词语充当,有时谓词性词语也可以做定语中心语。它跟前面的定语组成偏正短语,多用来做主语,有时也可做宾语等。例如:

(经济)的振兴 要靠科学技术。

主语 ‖ 谓语

定︱ 中

(他)的家里(有)(一只)(小)(花)狗。

主 语 ‖ 谓 语

定︱ 中 动 ︱ 宾

定 ︱ 中

2、与状语相对的中心语(简称“状语中心语”)

状语中心语通常由谓词性词语充当,有时也可以由名词性词语充当。它跟前面的状语组成偏正短语,用来做谓语。

现在 深秋了。

主语‖ 谓 语

状︱ 中

有的同学 地讲话 。

主语 ‖ 谓 语

状 ︱ 中

3、与补语相对的中心语(简称“补语中心语”)

补语中心语通常由动词或形容词充当,也可能由短语充当。例如:

那位学生 昏倒<过去>了。 我们的校园 打扮得<真漂亮>。

主 ︱ 谓 主 ︱ 谓

中<补〉 中<补>

五、独立语

句子里的某个实词或短语,跟它前后别的词语没有结构关系,不互为句子成分,但又是句意上所必需的成分,这就是独立语。它的位置较为灵活,句首、句中、句末均可。

1、插入语:插入语的作用是使句子严密化,补足句意,包括说话者对话语的态度,或引起听话者的注意。例如:

用“毫无疑问、不可否认、不用说、十分明显、尤其是、主要是、特别是”等表示肯定或强调或特别值得注意。

用“看来、算起来、我想、充其量、少说一点”等表示对情况的推测和估计;有时为了表达这种推测或估计不是说话者做出的,只不过是引用别人的意思,就会用“听说、据说”等来说明;有时说话者希望听话一方接受自己的见解,又不愿用一种强调的语气,就会用“请看、你想、你瞧、你说”等来引起对方的注意,使对方能同意所说的内容。

用“总之、综上所述”等表示总括性的意义,点名下文是对上文归总而来的结论,或者指出由此及彼,说明另外的事情,这种词语,有承上启下的作用,能使上下文更好地连接起来。

还有一些事表示注释、补充、举例的,通常用“也就是、包括、正如”等来表示。

2、称呼语:用来称呼对方,引起注意。例如:

你来啦,老师。

3、感叹语:表示感情的呼声,如惊讶、感慨、喜怒哀乐等感情和应对等。例如:

嗯,我这就走。 啊,多么令人兴奋的景象啊!

4、拟声语:摹拟事物的声音,进行生动形象的描写,以加强表达效果。如:

呼——呼——狂风夹着沙石扑来了。 砰,砰,门外响起了枪声。

句子分析示例

(全体)同学 做<完>(语法)作业了吗?

主 语 ‖ 谓 语

(定)︱中 ︱ 中

动 ︱ 宾

中〈补> (定)︱中 语气词

A 衣服 洗<干净>了。

|主||谓|

|述<补>|

B 坑 挖<浅>了。

|主 ||谓|

|述<补> |

C坑 挖<深>了。

|主||谓|

|述<补>|

三个句子都由“名词+动词+形容词”构成;从句子成分来看,都是“主语+谓语+补语”的结构。

A句表示动作完成了,并达到了预期的结果。

B句表示动作完成了,但并没有达到预期的目的。

C句既可以表示动作已经完成,达到预期目的(坑的深度达到了事先的要求),也可以表示没有达到预期的目的(坑的深度超出了事先的要求)。

她洗<干净>了。

她同意这样做。

(问题)的核心归结为(自尊心)问题。

第一句去掉修饰成分后,变成“他洗了”,表意不清;

第二句去掉修饰成分后,变成“她同意这样做。”意思相反;

第三句去掉修饰成分后,变成“核心归结为问题”,意思不明确。

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