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形容词性物主代词造句子精选100句

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代词及练习(含答案)

第11章 代词

一.概念:

代词是代替名词的词, 按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。

二.相关知识点精讲

1.人称代词

1)人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。

2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:

I like table tennis. (作主语)

Do you knowhim?(作宾语)

3)人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:

---Whos is knocking at the door?

---It’s me.

4)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:

He is older than me.

He is older thanI am.

2. 物主代词

1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性

物主代词,如下表所示。

2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:

Our teacher is coming to see us.

This is her pencil-box.

3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。

Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主语)

--- Is this English-book yours? (作表语)

--- No. Mine is in my bag.

I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作宾语)

3. 指示代词

指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。

1) this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those

则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:

This is a pen andthat is a pencil.

We are busy these days.

Inthose days the workers had a hard time.

2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲

到的事物,例如:

I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.

What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.

3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:

Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.

4)this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:

Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?

4. 反身代词

英语中用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己"

等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。

反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。

1)作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人

或一些人。

He called himself a writer.

Would you please express yourself in English?

2)作表语。

It doesn't matter.I'll be myself soon.

The girl in the news is myself.

3)作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。

I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主语同位语)

You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)

三.巩固练习

1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.

A. you B. me C. him D. her

2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

3. ---You want ________ sandwich?

---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.

A. other B. another C. others D. the other

4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.

A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs

5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?

---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.

A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.

---Never mind. You can have ________.

A. us B. ours C. you D. yours

7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?

---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.

A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?

---Work harder than last term.

A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself

9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?

---Her cousin, Susan.

A. that B. whose C. who D. which

10. ---Is _______ here?

---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.

A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody

11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.

A. many B. some C. few D. more

12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.

A. more B. other C. the other D. another

13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?

---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?

A. neither B. both C. none D. either

14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?

---No. _______ of them can use a computer.

A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All

15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?

A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that

16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?

A. another B. other C. one D. the other

17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.

A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves

18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?

---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.

A. no B. any C. some D. none

19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.

A. me B. my C. mine D. myself

20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?

高中英语语法大全 第十一章 代词 (2)

2007-01-12 点击数:2292

5. 不定代词

不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表

语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:

1)some与any的区别

①some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。

Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.

. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.

②any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。

If you have any questions, please ask me.

There isn't any orange in the bottle.

Have you got any tea?

③any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。

How many people can you see in the picture?

I can't see any.

If you have no money, I'll lend you some.

注意:与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法相同。

2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别

①用作形容词:

表示肯定

表示否定

用于可数名词

a few虽少,但有几个

few不多,几乎没有

用于不可数名词

a little,虽少,但有一点

little不多,没有什么

I'm going to buy a few apples.

He can speak only a little Chinese.

There is only a little milk in the glass.

He has few friends.

They had little money with them.

②a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。

I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)

Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)

Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)

She slept very little last night.

3)other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。

用 法

代名词

形容词

另一个

别人,其他人

another (boy)

另一个(男孩)

other (boys)

其他男孩

the other

另一个

the others

其余那些人、物

the other (boy)

另一个男孩

the other (boys)

其余那些男孩

①other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别

的”。

Where are his other books?

I haven't any other books except this one.

②other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。

He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.

She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.

③other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。

Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.

This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.

④“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。

We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.

In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.

⑤another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one.

You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?

Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?

⑥another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。

I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.

4)every与each的区别。

1)可单独使用

1)不可单独使用

2)可做代名词、形容词

2)仅作形容词

3)着重“个别”

3)着重“全体”,毫无例外

4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物

4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物

The teacher gave a toy to each child.

Each ball has a different colour.

当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。

Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.

Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.

5)all和both的用法。

①all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。

All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语)

= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)

All the water has been used up. (作主语)

That's all for today. (作表语)

Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)

All the leaders are here. (作定语)

②both作代词。

a.与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。

Lucy and Lily both agree with us.

They both passed on their sticks at the same time.

How are your parents? They're both fine.

b.与“of +代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。

Both of them came to see Mary.

Both of the books are very interesting.

c.单独使用,表示“两者(都)”。

Michael has two sons. Both are clever.

I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.

③both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”。

Both his younger sisters are our classmates.

. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.

6. 相互代词

表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中,each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。

We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语)

Do you often write to each other / one another? (作宾语)

We often borrow each other's / one another's books. (作定语)

The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.

(作定语)

7. 疑问代词

疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑

问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:

Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主语)

What is that? (作表语)

Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)

Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)

8.关系代词

关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:

I hate people who talk much but do little.

I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.

With the moneythat he had saved, he went on with his studies.

Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?

三.巩固练习

1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.

A. you B. me C. him D. her

2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

3. ---You want ________ sandwich?

---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.

A. other B. another C. others D. the other

4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.

A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs

5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?

---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.

A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.

---Never mind. You can have ________.

A. us B. ours C. you D. yours

7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?

---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.

A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?

---Work harder than last term.

A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself

9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?

---Her cousin, Susan.

A. that B. whose C. who D. which

10. ---Is _______ here?

---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.

A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody

11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.

A. many B. some C. few D. more

12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.

A. more B. other C. the other D. another

13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?

---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?

A. neither B. both C. none D. either

14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?

---No. _______ of them can use a computer.

A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All

15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?

A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that

16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?

A. another B. other C. one D. the other

17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.

A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves

18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?

---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.

A. no B. any C. some D. none

19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.

A. me B. my C. mine D. myself

20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?

A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs

四.答案

1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C

三十五个经典句型 帮你过写作关(英语四级)

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V

Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.

(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)

例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)

例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)

例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)

例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)

例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create (produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)

例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)

例句:So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。

十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)

例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)

例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.

你愈努力,你愈进步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。

十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够..)

例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)

例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)

例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)

例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)

例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)

例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.

没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)

例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)

It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)

It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)

例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)

例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don‘t like it.

夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式...(过去...年来,...一直...)

例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。

例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中,他一直很用功。

二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)

例句:It pays to help others.

帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、be based on (以...为基础)

例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)

例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)

例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.

做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving

= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)

We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因为...)

例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的'梦想。

三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)

例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)

例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对...有很大的影响)

例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十三、do good to (对...有益),do harm to (对...有害)

例句:Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)

例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one‘s best (尽全力去...)

例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

常见标点符号的用法

句号 Period [.]

用以表示一个句子的结束

Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.

The federal government is based in Ottawa.

用在缩写中

B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.

Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.

The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.

It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.

问号 Question Mark [?]

在句子的结尾使用问号表示是直接疑问句:

How many provinces are there in Canada?

注意:在间接疑问句结尾不要加问号:

The teacher asked the class a question.

Do not ask me why.

叹号 Exclamation Mark [!]

在句子的结尾使用叹号表示惊讶、兴奋等情绪:

We won the Stanley Cup!

The forest is on fire!

逗号 Comma [,]

句子中的停顿

Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.

在疑问句中引出说话人:

"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."

排列三个或以上的名词:

Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.

引出定语从句

Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.

单引号 Apostrophe [']

表示所有

This is David's computer.

These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)

Note: 对于复数形式的名词,只加'

These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)

缩写I don't know how to fix it.

[NextPage]

引号Quotation Marks ["]

直接引出某人说的话:

The prime minister said, "We will win the election."

"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."

冒号Colon [:]

引出一系列名词

There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.

引出一个较长的引语

The prime minister said: "We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election."

分号Semicolon [;]

将两个相关的句子连接起来

The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.

和逗号一同使用引出一系列名词

The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.

破折号Dash [-]

在一个句子前作总结

Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.

在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释

The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.

表示某人在说话过程中被打断

The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the earthquake began to shake the room.

连字符Hyphen [-]

连接两个单词

sweet-smelling

fire-resistant

将前缀

anti-Canadian

non-contact

在数字中使用

one-quarter

twenty-three

英语六级词汇与语法结构命题趋势

词汇命题趋势

《大学英语教学大纲修订稿》对大学英语基础阶段词汇教学的较高要求(六级)规定如下:

领会式掌握的单词为5,500个,其中复合式掌握的单词为3,000个,以及由这些词构成的常用词组2000条(中学所掌握的单词和词组包括在内),并具有按照构词法识别生词的能力,领会式掌握是指看到英语单词能理解其词义,复合式掌握是指能正确拼写单词并掌握其基本词义和用法。大学英语六级测试就是检验学生是否达到了较高要求。

在大学英语六级考试中,词汇和语法同属一个考试项目,考试时间为20分钟,考试题数为30个,计分为每小题0.5分,其计15分。题目分配:30道题中,约60%(18道题)为词和短语的用法,约40%(12道题)为语法结构。可见,与四级测试相比而言,六级更重视词汇的测试。考试范围为教学大纲词汇表一至六级全部内容。测试词汇量大约5000~5300个单词及一定量的习语,涉及动词、动词短语、名词、形容词和副词等,目的是为了测试学生运用词、短语的能力。

从历年大学英语六级考试的试卷分析可以看出:词汇测试主要集中在词义的记忆与辨析、词汇的搭配与用法等项目上,归纳起来,可大致分为下列几种:?

1.同义、近义辨析题 词汇区别是词汇测试的一个重要方面,它主要是对同义词或近义词在含义与用法上进行区别。这类试题的选项是四个词性相同、词义相同或相近的词。测试的目的在于检测考生辨别词义和运用词汇的能力。词汇区别一直是学生在学习英语过程中遇到的一大难题。这主要是由于他们没有掌握汉英两种语言在词汇方面的差异,往往只注意英语的汉语释义,而忽略了其本身的内在涵义和用法。 eg. The driver of the lorry sustained only minor to legs and arms. A. hurt B. wound C. harm D. injury 答案 D。餐车司机的腿和胳膊只受了一些轻伤。这道题测试考生对同义词细微差别的辨别能力。四个选项中的名词都含有“伤害”之意,但它们之间还有语义使用范围上的细微差别。hurt多指“感情、精神”上的伤害。wound多指由枪炮等武器所造成的伤害。harm指危害、害伤。injury指在事故、战争中所受的伤害。根据题意,答案应选D。

2.近形词汇题 英语词汇中,有一些拼写很相似,但它们的词义或词性却不同。英语六级考试的一条重要命题规律就是用形近词来干扰考生作出正确选择。其目的是要检测考生辨别词形和运用词汇的能力。如果考生平时不善于对形近词进行自觉的对比,对它们的差异不甚了解,那就会在答题时绯徊不定,难以作出正确的选择,甚至张冠李戴。? eg.Though the long term cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee. A.affect B.effect C.effort D.afford 答案 B。尽管工程的远期效果还无法预测,委员会还是批准了这项工程。这四个词拼写相似,但它们的词义或词性却不同。affect动词,意为“影响”;effect为名词,意为“效果”;effort名词,意为“努力”;afford动词,意为“负担得起;提供”。掌握了它们之间的这些差异,你会毫不犹豫地选择B。

3.词组与习惯用法辨析题 1)动词短语搭配 英语动词短语是英语的难点之一,它是由动词+副词、动词+介词、动词+副词+介词几种方式构成的惯用组合,具有自己独特的意义。其意义、语法、用法等常使考生感到困难。首先,动词短语的词义不是动词和副词、介词等小品词的简单组合,往往难以从字面上理解。其次,动词短语的使用场合及范围不易弄清楚。第三,同义、近义和反义的动词短语容易混淆。要学好英语,必须学会使用动词短语。测试动词短语的题目在词汇题中占有很大的比例,其目的是测试考生辨别和运用动词短语,尤其是同一动词所构成的不同动词短语的能力。? eg.The car won't start because the battery was ._______ A.run up B.run down C.run off D.run over 答案 B。蓄电池电力减弱了,因此汽车无法发动起来。这是一个因果关系的句子。“汽车为什么发动不起来?”原因是“电池电力减弱”。四个选项中,只有run down有“减弱”之意,其它三个选择项与本句意思不合。run up表示“增长”,run off“逃离”;run over“溢出”。如果考生掌握了这四个动词短语的含义,就会作出正确的选择了。?

2)习惯用语题 英语习语(English idiom)具有特有的、约定俗成的结构形式,如“步行”,可说on foot,不说by foot,而“乘车”要说by bus,不说on bus。再如anything but与nothing but两个词组意义完全不同anything but的基本意思是not at all,而nothing but的基本意思是only。英语中的习语令人眼花缭乱,其构成形式有的甚至无规律可循。它们通常由两个或两个以上的词组成,不能任意拆开。其意义常常不是单词意义的简单结合,而是另外具有新的意义。因此,应把词组作为一个整体来记。测试的目的是检验考生对常用词组的理解和运用能力。? eg.Please don't stand in the kitchen door, you're ______ . A.in a way B.by the way C.in no way D.in the way 答案 D。不要站在厨房门口,你挡路了。这四个选择项都是固定词组,都有自己的含义。ina way表示“在某种程度上或某点上”;by the way“顺便说一下”;in no way“决不”;in the way表示“挡路,妨碍”;“阻止”。根据题意答案应为D。学生面对这些貌似杂乱无章,没有规律可循的习惯表达法,一方面要广读多看,博词强记;另一方面还要会寻找规律,学会归纳,避免机械记忆而事倍功半。 总而言之,解答词汇题的先决条件是对词汇的理解和辨析。因此考生平时要注意弄清楚词的内涵和外部关系,尤其是要注意了解名词、动词、形容词等实词彼此之间以及它们与介词或副词之间的搭配关系。与此同时,还要留心词的惯用法,把习语作为一个整体储存在脑海里。?

语法命题趋势

语法结构是考生必须掌握的一个重要部分。在六级考试中,语法内容出现在词语用法与语法结构这一部分(Vocabulary and Structure)。从以往考试的全真题来看,语法结构所占的比例略小于词语用法,但数目相差并不多。语法测试要求考生根据题目所提供的某种线索,从给出的四个选择项中选出在语法规则上、语意逻辑上及文体上与题干完全吻合的最佳答案。从内容上来看,语法部分的测试强调全面性,除略微偏重虚拟语气外,教学大纲语法结构表中的其他语法项目几乎都涉及到了。语法测试的另一个重要特点是其特殊性,测试的重点多为语法项目中的特殊点,如虚拟语气中if的省略与倒装、情态动词与完成体的搭配等。 因此,考生必须在全面、准确、透彻掌握基本语法项目的基础上,进一步钻研其中特殊的疑难点,并辅以大量的练习,才能顺利通过语法难关。 语法结构部分主要测试时态和语态、虚拟语气、主从复合句(定语从句、名词从句、状语从句等)、句法结构(强调句型、倒装语序、独立结构等)以及一致问题、固定句型等内容。考生需要注意的是,在开始答题之前,一定要对选择项及题干进行认真的分析,辨明该题所要测试的语法点以及出题者的测试意图,只有这样,在应试时才能做到心中有数,临场不乱。

一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)

一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。

例A:I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.

(如明天下雨我就不来。)

例B:My brother will leave for the United States next week.

(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。)

解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shall/will”。关于“shall/will”的用法,传统文法谈得很多,同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shall/will”的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则,相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了,你的“shall/will”的用法就可以中规中矩了。

①说或写都尽量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的简缩形(如用法例2、3)。

②要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来。)

例A:I won't see him again.

(我不愿意再和他见面。)

例B:Who will go and help that poor old man?

(谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)

Mary will . (玛莉愿意。)

③说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“shall”。

例A:You shall not do that again.

(你不可以再做那样的事。)

例B:He shall return that book tomorrow.

(明天他必须把那本书归还。)

④第一人称问句使用“shall”。

例A:Shall I call you a taxi ?

(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)

例B:Shall we tell her the truth ?

(我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)

⑤问句是“Shall…?”,答句就用“shall ~”;问句用“Will …?”,答句就用“will ~ ”。

例A:Shall you go to school tomorrow ?

(你明天须要上学去吗?)

Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .

(是的,我必须去。我们明天有考试。)

例B:Will you go to school with me tomorrow?

(明天你要不要和我一道去学校?)

No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.

(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。)

注:Let's …”的附加疑问通常使用“…, shall we ?”。

Let's have a rest, shall we?

(我们休息一下,怎样?)

一般将来时除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外,也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。

1.be going to + V … (即将会……;打算将……)

例A:It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.

(带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。)

例B:The Browns are going to move to Australia.

(布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。)

2.be about to + V (即将……,指紧接着要发生的动作。)

例:Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.

(我们等一下。他即将会到达。)

3.be + V-ing …(定于……,指接近的将来动作。)

例:He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.

(他定于明天早晨到香港去。)

4.be + to V (定于……,指预定的将来动作。)

例:She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.

(她定于明晨九时到达这里。)

5.V-(e)s (定于……,指接近的将来动作,但不如第3项主观。)

例:He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.

(他定于明天早晨到香港去。——与(3)项的区别在于(3)项的动作是出自主语的决定,(5)项则不一定是出自主语的决定。)

常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有:tomorrow, tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening), next + 时间 (next night, next Monday …, next week, month…, next summer…, next year), in (the) future (将来),soon (不久之后),in +时间 (in five days——再过五天,in two weeks——再过二星期),etc.

Drilling Square

Ⅰ.请在下列各题空格处填入shall或will。

1.You ______ not drive through a red light.

2.I ______ do everything for her.

3.______ you help me with this heavy bag, John?

4.______ I help you with that heavy bag, Madam?

5.Let's go and take a walk after dinner, ______ we?

6."No one ______ leave the classroom if I haven't said Okay," said the teacher.

7.It ______ soon be over, I am sure.

8.Do what you ______ , but don't go out.

9.I ______ take you there with me, if it's OK with your mother.

10.Rain or shine, I ______ come.

Ⅱ.请在下列各题空格处就所设动词给予适当的将来时。

1.A:How do you want to go to Hualain, by air or by train?

B:I am not in a hurry this time, so I (1) take the train.

2.A:(2) (you like) to go to the game this afternoon?

B:I'd love to. Where (3) (we meet) ?

A:You just stay home and wait for me. I (4) drive my car there, so I (5) (pick) you up at about 1:30 .

3.A:It's a good dictionary . I (6) (buy) it, but I don't have money with me now.

B:Don't worry. I (7) (lend) you.

4.A:I hear Miss Chen (8) leave our school and teach in a bigger school in Taipei.

B:But the principal (校长) (9) not let her go . He says she (10) teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher.

英语中有哪些基本句式

英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:

S十V主谓结构

S十V十F主系表结构

S十V十O主谓宾结构

S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构

S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构

说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语

五个基本句式详细解释如下:

1.S十V句式

在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如:

He runs quickly.

他跑得快。

They listened carefully.

他们听得很仔细。

He suffered from cold and hunger.

他挨冻受饿。

China belongs to the third world country.

中国属于第三世界国家。

The gas has given out.

煤气用完了。

My ink has run out.

我的钢笔水用完了。

2.S十V十P句式

在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:

He is older than he looks.

他比看上去要老。

He seen interested in the book.

他似乎对这本书感兴趣。

The story sounds interesting.

这个故事听起来有趣。

The desk feels hard.

书桌摸起来很硬。

The cake tastes nice.

饼尝起来很香。

The flowers smell sweet and nicc.

花闻起来香甜。

You have grown taller than before.

你长得比以前高了。

He has suddenly fallen ill.

他突然病倒了。

He stood quite still.

他静静地站看。

He becomes a teacher when he grew up.

他长大后当了教师。

He could never turn traitor to his country.

他永远不会背叛他的祖国。

注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:

He looked me up and down.

他上下打量我。

He reached his hand to feel the elephant.

他伸出手来摸象。

They are tasting the fish.

他们在品尝鱼。

They grow rice in their home town.

他们在家乡种水稻。

He‘s got a chair to sit on.

他有椅子坐。

Please turn the sentence into English.

请把这个句于泽成英语。

3.S十V十O句式

在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:

I saw a film yesterday.

我昨天看了一部电影。

Have you read the story?

你读过这个故事吗?

They found their home easily.

他们很容易找到他们的家。

They built a house last year.

他们去年建了一所房子。

They‘ve put up a factory in the village.

他们在村里建了一座工厂。

They have taken good care of the children.

这些孩子他们照看得很好。

You should look after your children well.

你应该好好照看你的孩子。

4.S十V十O1十O2句式

在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:

He gave me a book/a book to me.

他给我一本书。

He brought me a pen/a pen to me.

他带给我一枝钢笔。

He offered me his seat/his seat to me.

他把座位让给我。

注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:

Mother bought me a book/a book for me.

妈妈给我买了一本书。

He got me a chair/a chair for me.

他给我弄了一把椅子。

Please do me a favor/a favor for me.

请帮我一下。

He asked me a question/a question of me.

他问我个问题。

注意,下边动词只有一种说法:

They robbed the old man of his money.

他们抢了老人的钱。

He‘s warned me of the danger.

他警告我注意危险。

The doctor has cured him of his disease.

医生治好了他的病。

We must rid the house of th erats.

我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。

They deprived him of his right to speak.

他们剥夺了他说话的权利。

5.S十V十O十C句式

在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。

常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。

They made the girl angry.

他们使这个女孩生气了。

They found her happy that day.

他们发现那天她很高兴。

I found him out.

我发现他出去了。

I saw him in.

我见他在家。

They saw a foot mark in the sand.

他们发现沙地上有脚印。

They named the boy Charlie.

他们给这个男孩起名为查理。

I saw him come in and go out.

我见他进来又出去。

They felt the car moving fast.

他们感到汽车行驶得很快。

I heard the glass broken just now.

我刚才听到玻璃碎了。

He found the doctor of study closed to him.

他发现研究所的大门对

他关闭了。

篇一:汉语语法知识口诀

一、分辨实词与虚词

分析词类要注意,首先辨别实与虚。词类划分有标准:语法特征和意义。实词能够单独用,充当成分有实义。实词分为六大类,名动形代数量词。虚词没有具体义,帮助实词能造句。虚词六类要记清,副介连助叹拟声。

二、词类歌诀 名 词

人和事物各有名,万千名目可辨清。    表示名称即名词,具体抽象有不同。

时间空间和地点,方向位置有专称。主宾定谓都可作,名词具有多功能。

动 词

世间万物皆运动,于是动词相应生。行为动作和发展,存在消失与变更。

心理活动及判断,一概可作谓语用。能愿趋向两动词,配合谓语意更明。

形容词

人有特征物有形,修饰动名靠形容。事态动作有性状,描摹性状用形容。

形容词语极丰富,准确修饰需深功。形容词语功能多,主要充当状谓定。

三、形容词辨析

形容词,细分析;有四类,要注意。表性质:真、善、美,表形状:圆、平、直,表颜色:红、黄、绿,表变化:快、慢、急。聪明老实乐呵呵,愚蠢狡猾笑嘻嘻。形词一般可重叠,大多能受副词饰;形词不能带宾语,形词能够作状语, 大多能够作谓语,少数可作状、补语。

数 词  数词即为表数目,确数概数和序数。确数包括整分倍,不定数目是概数。

整数前加老第初,排列顺序是序数。分数倍数表增加,减少只能用分数。

量 词

表示单位量词全,单位各异按习惯。事物行动作统计,物量动量分两款。

量词数词相结合,数量短语功能全。动量短语居动后,物量短语在名前。

代 词  代词代替人事物,按照作用分三族。人称代词我你他,咱们自己和大家。

疑问代词谁什么,进地性状数如何。提示代词这和那,每名某另别其他。

副 词

副词修饰动与形,范围程度与时间。肯否估计与情态,语气频率用法全。

稍微没有全都偏,简直仅仅只永远,已经曾经就竟然,将要立刻刚偶然,

渐渐终于决忽然,难道连续又再三,也许必须很非常,最太十分更马上,

越极总挺常常再,屡次一定也不还。时名副名看加在,名前可加副不来。

前很后名都不行,单独回答更不能。

介 词

自从以当为按照,由于对于为了到;和跟把比在关于,除了同对向往朝;

用在名词代词前,修饰动形要记牢。

助 词

结构助词的地得,时态助词着了过,语气助词啊吧呢,他词后边附加义。

连 词

和同与跟关中间,或者以及带关联。介词连词难分辨,换位不变才是连。

四、句子成分歌诀

基本成分主谓宾,连带成分定状补。定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。

六者关系难分辨,心中有数析正误。       什么谁称主,做是怎样才充谓;

宾语动支配,回答谓语什么谁。       前置状语目(的)时(间)地(点),       意义不变能复位。       补语从后说前谓,定语才和后宾配。       介宾短语多状补,不能充当宾主谓。       的定地状与得补,语言标志定是非。

五、 句子语病修改歌诀

检查语病要细心,先看主干主谓宾,残缺搭配是病因;再看枝叶定状补,能否搭配语中心。

下面语病常常见,熟悉现象心有底。 是否恰当用词语,语序是否属合理,前后有矛盾,更有不统一,替概念,有歧义,句式杂糅使人迷,结构又胶节,语言重复又多余,多层否定成后语。 修改语病法牢记,添、删、调、换百病医。

篇二:汉语语法记忆口诀

主谓宾、定状补, 主干枝叶分清楚, 主要成分主谓宾, 附加成分定状补, 定语必居主宾前, 谓前为状谓后补。

主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担 任,一般放在主语的后面。

宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

定语:用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。

状语:说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。

补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。 补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的'关系,是补充说明动词或形容词性中心语的,可以回答“怎么样”、“多少次”、“何处”、“何时”、“什么结果”等问题。补语都放在中心语后头,除了趋向动词、数量词、介宾结构和一部分形容词可以直接作补语外。补语多用形容词、数量词、趋向动词、介宾结构来担任,各种关系的词组也常作补语。

句子成分划分

一、句子的组成部分。

包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语六种 完整的句子结构是:

(定)主//[状]谓<补>+(定)宾

例如:(我们)学生||[一定][要]学<好>(专业)课程 定语用在主语前面,是修饰限制主语或宾语的中心语的 如:“(冬天里)的春天”

补语用在谓语的后面,是补充说明谓语中心语的 如:“辨认<仔细>”

1、主语

主语是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。经常有名词、代词和名词性短语充当充当。例如: (1)中国人民志气高。

(2)提高整个中华民族的科学文化水平是亿万人民群众的切身事业。

2、谓语

谓语是陈述主语的,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或怎么样“。经常由动词、形容词充当。例如:

(1)满天乌云顿时消散了。 (2)树叶黄了。

(3)小王今年十六岁。

(4)鲁迅是中国现代文学的奠基人。 (5)明天星期日。 (6)什么书他都看。

3、宾语

宾语在动语后面,表示动作、行为涉及的人或事物,回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当例如: (1)什么叫信息?

(2)门口围着一群看热闹的。

(3)马克思认为知识是进行斗争和为无产阶级解放事业服务的手段。

4、定语

定语是名语前面的连带成分,用来修饰、名词表示人或事物性质、状态、数量、所属等。经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词充当。一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。例如: (1)那(沉甸甸)的稻谷,象一垄垄(全黄)的珍珠。 (2)(三杯)美酒敬亲人。

(3)雪野中有(血红)的宝珠山茶,(白中隐青)的(单瓣)梅花。 (4)(中国)的历史有(自己)的特点。

5、状语

状语是动语或形容词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等。经常由副词、形容词、动词、表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。例如: (1)他[已经]走了。 (2)咱们[北京]见。

(3)歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆。

(4)科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权。

副词、形容词经常作状语,表时间、处所的名词经常作状语,一般名词不作状语。动词中除助动词外,一般动词很少作状语,介词短语常作状语。一般状语紧连在中心高速的前边,但表时间、处所、目的的名词或介词短语作状语时,可以放在主语的前边,如,[在杭州]我们游览了西湖胜景。

6.补语

补语是动词或形容词后面的连带成分,一般用来补充说明动作、行为的情况、结果、程度、趋向、时间、处所、数量、性状等。经常由副词、形容词、动词、表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。一般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接。。例如: (1)广大人民干得〈热火朝天〉。

(2)他写的字比原来不是好〈一点〉,而是好得〈多〉。 (3)他生〈于1918年〉。 (4)他坐〈在桌子旁〉。

(5)颜色是那么浓,浓得〈好像要流下来似的〉。

7.独立成分

在句子中不与其他成分(主、谓、宾、定、状、补)产生结构关系,但意义上又是全句所必需的,具有相对独立性的一种成分,用来表示称谓呼叫,对事物原推测、估计、注释、补充、感叹、摹拟语气等。 例如:

(1)事情明摆着,你看,我们能不管吗?

(2)十分明显,不大大提高整个中华民族的科学文化水平,四个现代化就是一句空话。 (3)啊,多么使人心醉的绚丽灿烂的秋色! (4)砰,砰,一阵枪声传来......

充当独立成分的,有的是一个词,有的是短语,它在句子的位置比较灵活,有的在句首,有的在句中。

二、句子成分划分口诀:

(1)句子成分要划对, (2)纵观全局找主谓。 (3)主前定状谓后补,(4)谓前只有状地位。(5)“的”定“地”状“得”后补,(6)宾语只受谓支配。

篇三:“汉语语法”口诀

一、汉语拼音

aoe,iu ü,标调多按此顺序;

如果iu 紧相连,标到后者头上去。 拼写规则讲得细,任何声母不独立; zhchshrzcs ,自成音节后加i 。

iouueiuen, 别犹豫,单用头变w 或y ; 如果前面有声母,去掉oe 合规矩。 i 母打头搞独立,iining 前加大y ; 其他所有复韵母,都把小i 变大y 。 u 母单打莫迟疑,前加大w 就可以; u 母为首独为户,要把小u 变大的。 凡带ü母要注意,独立去点前加y ; nl 相拼不去点,去点只指jqx 。

二、词类辨别

有些词类难区分,典型特点要记清: 动形加不名不行,动能加甭形加很; 连词前后能调换,介词前后调不成; 叹词总是单独用,语气助词词后跟。

三、词组辨别

基本词组四类型,嵌字不同可辨清: 联合能嵌和而并,主谓能嵌较很更, 嵌的地得是偏正,嵌着了过是动宾。 的字介词和方位,三种结构自分明。

四、划分单句

主谓宾、定状补,主干枝叶分清楚; 定语常在主宾前,谓前是状谓后补。 定的状地得后补,形式标志要记住; 遇到格式有变化,仔细分清莫含糊。

五、修改病句

修改病句有诀窍,方法步骤要记牢: 基本成分先找找,主谓宾语是否少; 成分不缺看搭配,主谓动宾可搭好; 搭配恰当看句子,重复之处不能要; 次序不当须重排,用词不妥应换掉; 再看逻辑乱不乱,自相矛盾不可靠;感情色彩别弄反,事情次序别颠倒; 对症下药仔细改,切勿信手胡乱搞。

第1组 五大基本句型

1.主语+不及物动词(短语)

【例句】Birds can fly.鸟会飞。

2.主语+及物动词(短语)+宾语

【例句】Everybody made fun of him.人人都取笑他。

3.主语+连系动词+表语

【例句】These flowers are very beautiful.这些花非常漂亮。

4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

【例句】My parents bought me a nice Christmas present.父母给我买了一件精美的圣诞礼物。

5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

【例句】They painted the door red.他们把门漆成了红色。

第2组 It句型

1.It+be/get+形容词/名词/介词短语

【用法】it用作非人称代词时,常表示天气、日期、时间、距离、温度等。

【例句】It gets colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷。

2.It+be+被强调部分+that从句

【用法】构成强调句,强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,that可以换成who,其他情况一律用that。

【例句】It was our manager that/who met me at the airport yesterday.昨天是我们的经理去机场接我的。

3.It+be+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.

【例句】It is necessary to increase your vocabulary in studying English.在学习英语中增加你的词汇量是必要的。

4.It+be+形容词(+of sb.)+to do sth.

【例句】It is clever of him to work out such a difficult problem.他把这么难的问题给解决了,他真聪明。

5.It+be+形容词+that从句

【例句】It is quite clear that the ear of the elephant is like a huge fan.很显然,大象的耳朵像一把大扇子。

6.It+be+过去分词+that从句

【例句】It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.据说,人类天生具有会话能力。

7.It+be+名词+不定式/that从句

【用法】it作形式主语,后面的不定式或that从句是句子的真正主语。

【例句】In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.实际上,对警察来说,在一场重大的足球赛中维持秩序是一项艰难的工作。

8.It+is/has been+时间段+since...

【例句】It is three years since I came here.我来这儿已经3年了。

9.It+be+(high) time...

【例句】It is time for lunch.该吃午饭了。

第3组 疑问代词

1.What+be+主语?

【用法】用于询问职业。

【例句】What is your elder sister?你姐姐是干什么的?

2.What+be+主语+like?

【用法】用于询问某人/物是什么样的或怎么样。

【例句】One of the twins is very active. What is the other like?这对双胞胎中的一个很活跃。另一个怎么样?

3.What+do/does+主语+look like?

【用法】用于询问外貌或长相。

【例句】What does Clark look like?克拉克长什么样?

4.What do you think of...? 关于……你有什么看法?

【用法】用来询问对某人或某事物的看法。

【例句】What do you think of our new English teacher?你认为我们的新英语老师怎么样?

第4组 不定代词

1.one..., the other...

(两者中的)一个……,另一个……

【例句】He has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is a soldier.他有两个儿子。一个是医生,另一个是军人。

2.some..., others...(不确定范围中的)

一些……,另一些……

【例句】Some boys are playing football, and others are playing basketball.一些男孩子在踢足球,另外一些在打篮球。

3.none (+of+复数可数名词或不可数名词)

【用法】none接指人或物的可数名词或不可数名词,后面可以跟of结构;no one只能接指人的可数名词,后面不能跟of结构。

【例句】None of the money was missing.钱一点儿也没丢。

第5组 年龄

1.at (the age of)+基数词在……岁时

【例句】He was struck down by cancer at (the age of) thirty.他30岁时死于癌症。

2.in one’s+整十数的复数 在某人几十多岁时

【例句】My mother became a professor in her thirties.我妈妈三十多岁时就成了一名教授。

3.基数词+years old ……岁

【例句】He is eighteen years old, when he starts to live on his own.他18岁了,是开始独立生活的年龄了。

第6组 倍数

1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as... ……是……的……倍

【例句】Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs.十年前我们村的人口是他们村人口的两倍。

第7组 形容词的原级、比较级、最高级

1.as+形容词原级+as...

……和……一样……

【例句】Mary's spoken English is as good as mine.玛丽的口语和我的一样好。

2.not as/so+形容词原级+as...

……不像……一样……

【例句】She is not as/so happy as she pretends.她并不像她假装得那么高兴。

3.形容词比较级(+名词)+than...

……比……更……

【例句】Lesson Four is more difficult than Lesson Three.第四课比第三课难。

4.no+形容词比较级+than...

……和……一样都不……

【例句】I am no taller than you.我和你一样都不高。

5.形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级...

越来越……

【例句】The computer is cheaper and cheaper.电脑越来越便宜了。

6.be senior/junior/superior/inferior to...

……比……大/小/好/差

【例句】I am five years senior to Jane.我比简大五岁。

7.the+(序数词+)形容词最高级(+名词)(+比较范围) (……中)最/第几……的(……)

【例句】The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。

第8组 副词的原级、比较级、最高级

1.as+副词原级+as...

……和……一样……

【例句】John works as hard as his elder brother.约翰和他哥哥一样工作努力。

2.not...+as/so+副词原级+as...

……不如……

【例句】It doesn't rain as/so often here as it does in my country.这里不如我们国家下雨频繁。

3.副词比较级+than...

……比……更……

【例句】Usually the paperback book is more widely accepted than the hardcover one.通常来说,平装书要比精装书更容易被接受。

4.not+副词比较级+than...

前者不比后者更……(侧重后者)

【例句】I run not faster than my deskmate.我不比我同桌跑得快。

5.副词比较级+and+副词比较级...

越来越……

【例句】He ran faster and faster on the last lap.他在最后一圈时跑得越来越快。

6.like...better (than...)

和……比起来,更喜欢……

【例句】I like movies better than TV plays.比起电视剧,我更喜欢电影。

第9组 副词的常用句型

1.too...to... 太……而不能……

【用法】to后用动词原形,表示结果。

【例句】The girl is too young to dress herself.这个女孩太小,不能自己穿衣服。

2.enough to... ……足以……

【用法】to后用动词原形,表示结果。

【例句】Would you be good enough to take my bag upstairs for me?你能否好心帮我把包拿到楼上?

3.so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词 ……确实如此

【例句】—It was very cold yesterday.昨天很冷。

—So it was.确实很冷。

第10组 情态动词常用句型

1.would rather do...than do...

宁愿……,也不……

【例句】She would rather fail than cheat in the examination.她宁愿

2.cannot but do... 只好做……

【用法】but后的不定式要省略to。

【例句】We cannot but wait until Jane comes.我们只好等到简来。

3.cannot/can never...too...

再……也不为过,越……越好

【例句】You cannot be too careful to cross the road.过马路时再怎么小心都不为过。

4.主语+used to/would+do... 过去常常

【例句】I would go swimming in this river when I was young.我小时候常在这条河里游泳。

5.had better (not) do... 最好(不)做……

【例句】You had better not wait for them.你最好不要等他们。

6.must have done... 一定/准是做过……

【用法】表示对过去情况的推测,只用于肯定句中。

【例句】She knows the story very well. She must have read the book.她对这个故事很熟悉。她一定读过这本书。

第11组 不定式

1.(not)in order (not)so as (not) +to do... 不定式作目的状语

【用法】to do, in order to do作目的状语可以位于句首,但so as to do不可以。

【例句】In order not to be late, she cut across the fields.为了不迟到,她抄近路穿过了田野。

2.so+形容词/副词+as

too+形容词/副词

形容词/副词+enough+to do... 不定式作结果状语

【例句】How could you be so stupid as to believe him?你怎么这么笨,竟然相信他的话?

第12组 动名词

1.stop doing...stop to do停止原有的动作...停下来去做另一件事

【例句】Many people stop doing exercise when they eat less.很多人吃得少的时候就不锻炼了。

2.forget/remember doing...忘记/记得做过

forget/remember to do... 忘记/记得要做

【例句】He forgot telling her about the final exam.他不记得已告诉过她关于期末考试的事了。

3.nmean doing...mean to do...意味着做……打算做……

【例句】My new job will mean travelling all over the world.我的新工作需要在世界各地到处跑。

4.regret doing...regret to do...后悔以前曾做过……很遗憾要做……

【例句】—Robert is indeed a wise man.罗伯特确实是个很聪明的人。

5.try doing...try to do...试着做……努力去做……

【例句】She tried living alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.她尝试着一个人生活,但并不喜欢这样,于是又搬回家了。

第13组 感叹句

1.How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!How+主语+谓语!

【例句】Look! How excited the boys are!看!那些男孩多么兴奋!

2.What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)!

【用法】单数可数名词前有形容词修饰时,用what和how引导感叹句均可,但要注意冠词与形容词的位置。中心词为可数名词复数或不可数名词,只能用what引导感叹句。

【例句】What a wonderful plan you have made!/How wonderful a plan you have made!你制订的计划真棒!

第14组 反意疑问句

1.(陈述部分)肯定,(附加问句)否定?(陈述部分)否定,(附加问句)肯定?

【例句】 He must work hard at physics, mustn’t he?他必须努力学习物理,是吗?

2.No one/Someone...+谓语...,谓语+they?谓语+he?

【用法】陈述部分主语为指人的不定代词,强调整体时,附加问句的主语用they;强调个体时,附加问句的主语用he。

【例句】No one was there that day, was he/were they?那天没有人在那里,是吗?

3.Everything/Anything...+谓语...,谓语+it?

【用法】陈述部分主语是指物的不定代词时,附加问句的主语用it。

【例句】Everything that he said is true, isn’t it?他说的都是真的,是吗?

4.This/That+谓语...,谓语+it?These/Those+谓语...,谓语+they?

【用法】陈述部分的主语是指示代词时,附加问句的主语要用相应的人称代词。

【例句】This means we have failed, doesn’t it?这意味着我们已经失败了,是吗?

5.There be...,谓语+there?

【用法】陈述部分为There be句式时,其反意疑问句的附加问句仍用“...there”。

【例句】There will be an important meeting tomorrow, won't there? 明天有一个重要的会议,是不是?

6.祈使句。will you/won’t you?

【用法】肯定祈使句的反意疑问句,附加问句用will you, 〖JP〗won't you均可;否定祈使句只能用will you。

【例句】Come and play football with us, will you/won't you?过来和我们一起踢足球,好吗?

7.Let's..., shall we?Let us/Let me..., will you?

【例句】Let's have lunch together, shall we?我们一起吃午饭吧,好吗?

第15组 主语从句

1.引导词+主语从句+谓语...

【例句】Whether she will join us does not matter too much.她是否会加入到我们中来并不太重要。

2.It(形式主语)+谓语...+引导词+主语从句

【例句】It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture.你错过了一场这么好的讲座真是可惜。

第16组 宾语从句

1.主句+that引导的宾语从句

【例句】They told us once again that this would never happen.他们再次告诉我们这种事情不会发生。

2.主语+系动词+afraid/sorry/sure/glad/angry等+that引导的宾语从句

【用法】that在宾语从句中没有意义,也不作成分,只起引导词的作用,一般可以省略。

【例句】I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.我确信他明天会来。

3.主句+what/who/whom/whose/which等引导的宾语从句

【用法】what, who, whom, whose, which等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。

【例句】Do you know who/whom he is waiting for at the school gate?你知道他正在学校门口等谁吗?

4.主句+when/where/how/why等引导的宾语从句

【用法】when, where, how, why等在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。

【例句】We haven't discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.我们还没有讨论应把我们的新家具放在哪里。

5.主句+whether/if引导的宾语从句

【例句】Did he tell you whether/if he would come the next day? 他告诉你他第二天是否来了吗?

6.Whether引导的宾语从句,+主句

【例句】Whether this is true or not, I am not sure.我不确定这是不是真的。

7.主句+whether引导的宾语从句+if条件句

【例句】He asked me whether I would move to New York if I got the job.他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬到纽约去。

第17组 表语从句

1.主语+be+引导词+表语从句

【例句】The reason why she called me was that she would not attend the party.她给我打电话的原因是她不来参加派对了。

第18组 同位语从句

1.(...+)名词+引导词+同位语从句

【例句】He received the order that he should come back by the noon.他收到命令,中午之前要回来。

第19组 定语从句

1.主句+who/whom引导的定语从句

【用法】who是主格,whom是宾格。通常whom可以用who代替,但直接跟在介词后作宾语时不可用who代替。who/whom作宾语时可以省略。

【例句】Do you know the girl who is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个女孩吗?

2.主句,+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定语从句

【用法】非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句分开,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,who一般不能替代whom。

【例句】This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.这个便条是汤姆留下的,刚才他还在这里。

第20组 状语从句

1.主句+before/after引导的时间状语从句

【例句】It may be many years before the situation improves.这种状况或许要过很多年才能得到改善。

2.主句+since引导的时间状语从句

【用法】since从句常用一般过去时,谓语是短暂性动词时,表示该动作的开始;谓语是延续性动词时,表示该动作或状态的结束。

【例句】It was three weeks since he was ill.他的病已经好了三周了。

3.主句+because/as/since引导的原因状语从句

【例句】The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to

his wife.那位老人让露西挪到另外一张椅子上,因为他想跟他的妻子挨着坐。

4.主句+(al)though/as/while/even though/even if引导的让步状语从句

【例句】Although regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too

close to bedtime.尽管经常锻炼很重要,但在临睡前锻炼绝对不是个好主意。

5.主句+so that/in order that/in case引导的目的状语从句

【例句】I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me.为了能让你赶上我,我会慢慢跑。

6.主句+if/unless/as long as引导的条件状语从句

【例句】I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果不下雨,我明天去。

7.主句+as soon as/directly/immediately等引导的时间状语从句 一……就……

【例句】Directly our maths teacher came in, everyone was quiet.我们的数学老师一进来,大家就都安静下来了。

第21组 There be句型

1.There (+助动词/情态动词)+be+主语...

【例句】There is a lot of meat on the plate.盘子里有很多肉。

2.There+助动词/情态动词+not+be be+not/no+主语...

【例句】There isn’t a telephone in the room.房间里没有电话。

第22组 倒装句型

1.No/Never/Hardly/Seldom/Little等+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...

【用法】表示否定意义的词置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。

【例句】Little did Rose care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.尽管自己处于相当危险的境地,但是罗丝几乎没考虑自己的安全。

2.So...+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...+that...

【用法】在so... that...句式中,so...部分置于句首时,主句用部分倒装。

【例句】So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.袭击是如此突然,以至于敌人根本没有时间逃跑。

3.Only+状语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...

【用法】only强调状语置于句首时,主句用部分倒装。

【例句】Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.只有合理膳食才会保持身体健康。

4.Not until...+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...

【用法】时间状语not until...置于句首时,主句用部分倒装。

【例句】Not until the motorbike looked almost new did he stop repairing and cleaning it.直到把摩托车修理、擦洗得几乎跟新的一样他才作罢。

5.Not only...+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...but also...

【用法】not only...置于句首时,其所在的分句用部分倒装,其中also有时可以省略。

【例句】Not only does he do well in his lessons, but he often helps others with their lessons.他不但自己学习好,还经常帮助别人学习。

6.Hardly had+主语...+when...No sooner had+主语...+than....

【用法】hardly, no sooner 置于句首时,hardly, no sooner所在的.句子用部分倒装。

【例句】Hardly had he uttered the words when she began laughing. 他刚一开口说话,她就笑了。

第23组 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

1.If...did/were..., 主语+would/should/could/might do...

【用法】表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句用一般过去时,主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。

【例句】If I were eleven years younger, I would dance as well as them.如果我年轻11岁,我会跟他们跳得一样好。

2.If...had done...,主语+would/should/could/might have done...

【用法】表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句用过去完成时,主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。

【例句】If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.如果我们走了另一条路的话,或许就能及时赶到这里开会了。

3.If...did/were to do/should do...,主语+would/should/could/might do...

【用法】表示与将来事实相反的假设。从句谓语动词用过去式、“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”,主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。

【例句】If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如果明天天气好,我就去购物。

4.If...had done..., 主语+would do...

If...should do..., 主语+would have done...

【例句】If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.如果他早点出发的话,他现在就已经到家了。

5.Should/Were/Had+(从句)主语+谓语,主句

【用法】if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有should, were, had时,可将if省略,而将should, were, had提前,构成倒装。

【例句】Should it happen(=If it should happen), what would you do?如果真发生了这样的事,你怎么办?

6.With/Without/But for+名词,主语+虚拟语气形式的谓语...

【用法】句子的虚拟条件是通过词或短语如with, without, otherwise, but for等来表示的。

【例 句】But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.如果没有英语老师的帮助,我不可能在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。

7.主句+as if+(从句)主语+did/had done...

【用法】as if引导的从句常用虚拟语气,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。

【例句】She acted as if she had been the hostess yesterday.她昨天表现得就好像她是女主人似的。

第24组 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

1.wish (that)+主语+did/had done/would do...

【用法】wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反;用过去将来时表示与将来事实相反。

【例句】I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。

2.suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主语+(should) do...

【例 句】Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.为了安全,老师建议家长们不要让未满12岁的孩子骑自行车来上学。

3.would rather+主语+did/had done...

【用法】would rather后的从句用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。

【例句】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I?d rather he focused more on its culture.乔治打算谈谈他们国家的地理,但是我却愿意他多谈一下他们的文化。

4.It is+形容词/名词/过去分词+that+主语+(should) do...

【例句】It is strange that the girl (should) be so rude.那个女孩那么无礼,这真奇怪。

5.suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主语(+should) do...

【用法】在表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气。

【例句】My suggestion is that we (should) get started soon.我的建议是我们应该尽快出发。

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