
把英语句子写活的10种方法
学生写作时,如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上,只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词,或一律使用简单句平铺直叙,那么,这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水,呆板、单调,没有可读性。要使文章耐人寻味,有深度,同学们就应尝试使用一些高级词汇或句型,以凸显文章的亮点,使文章增添文采,给读者(尤其是阅卷老师留下深刻印象)。具体说来,同学们可尝试以下方法:
1. 灵活改变句子开头
在通常情况下,英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”,即主语位于句子开头。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式,比如使用倒状语或以状语开头等,会使文章增强表现力。如:
(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.
→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
在小山顶上有一座古庙。
(2) You can do it well only in this way.
→ Only in this way can you do it well.
只有这样你才能把它做好。
(3) A young woman sat by the window.
→ By the window sat a young woman.
窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。
2. 避免重复使用同一词语
为了使表达更生动,更富表现力,同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思,尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字,就会立刻想起like,事实上,英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多,如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如:
I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
我喜欢看书,而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。
3. 合理使用省略句
合理恰当地使用省略句,不仅可以使文章精练、简洁,而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如:
(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?
→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙,要是这样,我以后再来拜访。要是不忙,我现在可以见他吗?
(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.
→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.
如果天气好,我们就去;如果天气不好,我们就不去了。
(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.
→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.
她本可申请这份工作的,但她没有。
4. 适当运用非谓语结构
非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构,适当运用非谓语结构,会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如:
(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.
→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。
(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址,我没法和她联系。
(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
他出生农民家庭,只上过两年学。
5. 结合使用长句与短句
在英语写作中,过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是,根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语,使文章显得错落有致,这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感,而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如:
At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.
→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.
中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后,我们唱的唱歌,跳的跳舞,还有的讲笑话、下棋,大家玩得很开心。
6. 适当使用短语代替单词。
(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.
→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.
他已决定长大了当老师。
(2) He doesn't like music.
→ He doesn't care much for music.
他不大喜欢音乐。
(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.
→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.
他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。
7. 恰当套用某些固定表达。
(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.
→ He was too tired to walk any farther.
他太累了,不能再往前走了。
(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.
→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.
这电影很有趣,学生和老师都很喜欢。
(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.
→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.
你的儿子已经长大,可以自己照顾自己了。
8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”
(1) Don't worry. Be bold and try it, and you'll learn it soon.
→Don't worry. Just go for it, and you'll get it soon.
别担心,大胆试一试,你很快就会学会的`。
(2) Thank you for playing with us.
→Thank you for sharing the time with us.
谢谢你陪我玩。
9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构。
(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.
→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.
现在人人都知道这消息了,我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。
(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.
→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.
我们所能做的只是站在那儿,设法抓住违章者。
(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.
→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.
如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话,至少也不会比她老师的差。
10. 适当使用
在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章,不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧,而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如:
(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.
(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.
(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”
因而,在进行词汇教学时,教师应通过例句讲清楚常用词的意义、使用条件、用法及搭配关系,然后再让学生模仿造句。此外,英语有自己的固定短语、固定搭配、特殊句型等,如果学生能在作文中恰到好处地使用它们,那将会大大地提高作文档次 。因此,平时必须加强这方面的基本训练,还要督促学生课后多多记忆。
二 适时传授语法知识,注意由浅入深
其实,在教学实践中,学生作文中的语法错误屡见不鲜,诸如名词的形式、动词的时态、代词的格、形容词的形式,乃至于语态、主谓搭配等多方面常会出现错误。如果学生不了解语法,写出的文章就会错误百出,显得档次很低。如果说高级词汇是珍珠,它们在文章中闪耀着夺目的光芒,那语法就一定是丝带,把珍珠有序地串联组合起来,这样才能使之成为精彩的文章。
由此可见,语法在英语作文中占有重要的地位。所以,在教学过程中,教师应设法将语法由浅及深、由易到难地渗透到课堂教学中去。其步骤第一,针对高一新生,可先介绍简单句的五个基本句型及存在句句型,即:S+V;S+V+O;S+V+O1+O2;S+V+O+OC;S+link-v+P;There be+S+…几乎所有的英语句型都是这些句型扩大、延伸或变化而来,如果学生能够掌握这些句型,并运用自如,就为后面的复合句和非谓语动词的学习奠定了基础。不过,同时也要注意动词时态的引入。第二,加强时态练习,训练学生正确使用动词形式。
三 依托教材多形式地训练
新课标教材的内容、题材和体裁丰富多彩,学生课文中有人物传记、剧本、科普文章、英美国家概况等,这些不仅开拓了学生视野,也为学生写作提供了写作素材和模板,在学习完一个单元后教师可根据不同内容对学生进行相应的训练,如复述课文、缩写课文、续写课文、扩写课文或改写课文等,还可模仿课文仿写。我个人
4、考试注意
常见的英语作文类型分为议论文、图表文、记叙文、应用文等,不同类型文章的写作要求上相同,考场写法也有相通点。
审题立意
定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题,对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题,必须具备4个条件:准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。
草拟提纲
打造文章之骨架审好题,立好意后,就要写提纲,打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事:安排好层次段落,铺设好过渡,处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句,还要从提示句的关键词出发,围绕关键词开拓思路,发挥联想,记录下联想到的东西,可以是句子或单词词组,可以是英语或汉语。
段落主题句
理文章之脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要,是作者思维的起点,切题的准绳,阐述的对象。看到段落主题句,读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头,可使文章结构更清晰,有说服力。
参照提纲
紧扣主题句,完成各段落,充文章之血肉有了段落主题句后,还需要顺着段落主题句的方向,参照提纲中的思路,从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣,为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括:顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法,和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。
注意
进行这一步骤还需注意四方面问题:
1)确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样,才能保证所写段落不偏题,不跑题。
2)要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排,避免段落内容的交叉。
3)用好连接词,注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明,思路清晰,文字连贯,就需要在句与句之间,段与段之间架起一座座桥梁,而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。 增加文采小窍门: 如果说第一、二步是对文章的构思,第三、四步骤则是真正地“写”了,用词是否贴切,文法是否正确,句式是否多变,文采是否有生气,关系到写作者的语言功底和水平,但也有些窍门是需要长时间累积的。
4)平时多注重积累一些高级词汇也是很重要的
5、英语作文的关键
作文是中学英语学习的重要内容之一,也是学生综合能力的体现。它与学生的词汇量、语法、句法能力和逻辑思维能力等有密不可分的关系,在高考中占有相当大的比重。而许多学生在此方面丢分甚多,以致影响最后总分,因此提高学生写作能力势在必行。如何提高学生的英语写作能力呢?
1.掌握基本句型、词组,加强基本功训练。
任何文章都是由句子组成的,句子又是由词组、基本句型构成的。要重视词、短语、句型的理解记忆,因此,书面表达要从词组、句型训练入手,强化基础知识。掌握好词组、基本句型,再配上合适的时态,一篇文章就基本完成。
由易到难,循序渐进练习写作。
句子是作文的基本单位,我们要有意识地进行连句成文的有步骤的训练。先把词汇写出来,然后巧用一些关联词连句成篇。在大量形式多样的简单句子中,要逐步学会用简单句子表达思想.并学会构写一个语段来表达连贯的思想。
针对句式单一,尝试多样化的表达方式。
学生从开始接触英语时就学到“主――谓――(宾)”或“主――系――表”结构。它是最基本、最常用,也是大部分学生唯一能够信手拈来的句型。但这种句式若从头至尾地贯穿于书面表达中,习作就显得单调乏味。怎样突破单一句式,使文章生动活泼、结构紧凑?我们可以学会运用以下表达方式:
(1)倒装句式和定语从句的运用:地点状语+谓语+主语(时态限于一般现在时和一般过去时)。该句型常用来描述物体方位,它比“there be”句型更令人印象深刻,结合定语从句的运用,使句子结构更加紧凑。
(2)动词非谓语形式的运用。动词非谓语形式的正确使用可使行文简洁、流畅。
(3)从句的运用。熟练掌握以下句型对写作帮助很大。
过了多久……(从句的动作)才发生:It will be +before +S+V.如:
It will be many years before nature can restore its balance.要过许多年,自然界才能恢复平衡。
从句的动作还没来得及做,主句的动作就发生了:S+V+ before +S+V. 如:
She rushed out of the room before I had time to explain.我还没来得及解释她就冲出了房间。
what引导的名词性从句。如:
What surprised (worried, disappointed, impressed…)me most is that….
What I need(want, worry about, hope…)is that….
(4)It is 形容词或过去分词+that—clause句型。
(5)It happened that+S+V句型。(碰巧发生什么事)。
(6)强调句型:It is(was)+被强调成分+that/who+句子的其它成分。如:It was in Australia that I picked up my English.
4.培养良好的学习习惯。对课文中优秀的对话和篇章要背诵熟读,多做翻译、改写和仿写练习。 要求每天记
多读多记多练.打好语感基础。
“熟读唐诗三百首,不会吟诗也会吟。”英语也一样。在学习中大部分人总是摆脱不了汉语对英语学习的影响,习惯用汉语的思维方式去学英语,才会在写作中无从下手或写出一些句型错误的中式英语。只有多读多背,对英语的语言习惯才会熟悉起来.并且找到语感,写作时也才不会被汉语的思维习惯所干扰。“读”即选读一些外刊的精晶短文,或各种题材的范文,这类.文章语言规范、地道.文字短小精悍,学了就能派上用场。除此之外还要求学生正确发出每个单词的音,流利读出每句英文,还要求学生正确理解每句英文的意思,为下一步“记”扫清障碍。“记”指记忆,即背诵。书面表达的困难就在于我们头脑中“汉语表达习惯”的“沉积层太厚”.要克服汉语干扰,彻底从学生的大脑中赶走“中国式英语”,依靠理解和熟读英语短文,是不够的.必须通过“背诵”才能使“英语表达法”深深印在学生的脑子里。
通过大量阅读来提高英语写作能力。
古人云:“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”、“口不绝吟于六艺之文,手不停披于百家之编”。可见,阅读量对表达能力的影响是直接的,阅读量越多,对表达能力的影响也越大。没有大量阅读,一切都是“空中楼阁”。大量的阅读英
总之.要提高学生的英语写作能力,就要培养学生良好的学习习惯,要重视词、短语、造句的理解记忆,对课文中优秀的对话和篇章要背诵熟读,多做翻译、改写和仿写练习。结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。只有坚持不懈,持之以恒,才能写出准确、生动、规范的英
6、如何避免由于汉语思维导致的英语写作错误
对英语作文的典型错误进行分析既是检验汉译英水平的最佳方法,也是提高英语作文水平的最有效途径。在此我们充分展示一下错误分析的方法和作用。下面 列举的学生译文收入了学生们在练习和考试中普遍出现的、具有代表性的英语错误。我们要仔细对照原文,努力挑出其中的错误,并且学会改正它们。在这个过程 中,我们可以做一件非常有用的事,就是把找出的错误分门别类,然后根据自己容易犯的错误类型,有针对性地进行深入的英语学习和写作训练。
翻译错误 的出现不仅是因为水平有限,而且往往出于思维的惰性。把汉语原文的词语都变成英文词语,按一定顺序串成句子,确实已经让初学者费了不少脑筋。这时尤其要认 识到,写作过程远远没有结束。你还需要自问:词语是否译得恰当?要避免虚假对应;词语间搭配是否合适?要避免照搬汉语搭配;句子结构是否自然?要避免中式 英文和翻译腔。
需要说明的是,有一类常见错误这里没有列举,那就是英语单词的拼写问题。因为它属于英语学习的基础内容,与汉译英本身没有直接关系。但大家还是要充分意识到正确拼写的重要,勤查词典,避免此类错误的发生。
原作文
Chinese have the custom that they eat sweet dumplings made of glutinousrice flour and appreciate festive lanterns at the night of January 15.
错误分析
(1)少用冠词:“中国人”应该译为the Chinese (people)。再比较:“美国人”可译为Americans,而“日本人”必须加冠词,译为the Japanese.
(2)搭配不当:the custom that they eat…不通,应改为the custom of eating.. .。
(3)动词使用不当:appreciate为“赞赏”(to value or regard highly)之意,而原文中的“赏”意思应该是“观赏”(watch) .
(4)介词使用错误:原文指具体某一天的晚上,译文介词应由at改为 on(on the evening of)。
英语作文万能句子句式一:演绎法常用的句型
1.There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……,但一般,他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2.There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占…,但以下是最典型的。
3.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题,但下面的可能是最有效的。
4.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说,这些优势可以列举如下。
5.The reasons are as follows.
英语作文万能句子句式二:因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2.If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3.We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.
4.As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。
5.The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7.The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8.Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。
英语作文万能句子句式三:段首万能句子
1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2.俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.
3.现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……更为糟糕的是……
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.
4.现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……
Nowadays,it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides,______.
5.任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。()它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6.关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……
People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……很显然……,但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while.Obviously,______,but why?
英语作文万能句子句式四:中间段落万能句子
1.相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……
On the contrary,there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time,they say____.
2.但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法,比如……最糟糕的是……
But I don”t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.
3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……而且……,最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country“s development and construction.First,______.What”s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……
There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______
5.面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……一方面……,另一方面,
Confronted with______,we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing,______For another,______
6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……所有这些方法肯定会……
It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.
7.为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……总的来说,……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8.然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它的不利的一面,象……
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9.尽管如此,我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10.完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
英语作文万能句子句式五:结尾万能句子
1.至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ____.
2.总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3.但是,……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,……,而……然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)……
But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4.就我个人而言,我相信……,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……
Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5.随着社会的发展,……因此,迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6.至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为……更合理。只有这样,我们才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.
7.对我来说,我认为有必要……原因如下:第一,……; 第二,……;最后……但同样重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First _____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.
8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现……
It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view find______.
9.综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10.如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.



