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英文语言描写句子赏析汇总70句

时间:2018-05-29 20:08

篇一:句子结构详细分析

语法知识目前成了学生学习中的一个盲点—初中教材上的知识,但是初中毕业考试不考查;高中教材没有这部分内容,可是高中的语文学习中经常要使用.例如:判断病句中的搭配不当或者成分残缺,分析文言文阅读中的词类活用和文言特殊句式时,语言表达中的长短句互换等等,都需要使用语法知识.

在这里简单整理一些关于这方面的知识和练习,以便于以后整理为一个小专题.

划分句子成分

(一)知识要点

1、什么是句子

成分。

2.句子成分的名称及符号

名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。

符号:主语 = 谓语 - 宾语 ~

定语 ( ) 状语 [ ] 补语 < >

① 句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。

补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。

② 主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。

3.(1主语谓语宾语

①.写人 格式:“谁” + 什么”(主语) (谓语)(宾语)

例: 杨亚 ‖ 写 字

主 谓 宾例:一中的杨亚‖║在课桌上写着主 谓

②.写物( 主 (谓语、宾语) 例: 猫 主谓

一条大鱼

例如: 他 ‖ 是主 谓 宾

定语:在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。

状语:修饰、限制谓语中心语,一般在谓语中心语前面,有的在句子最前面,交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。 补语:对谓语中心语起补充说明作用,一般放在谓语中心语之后。

例: 画眉 唱 歌

这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是 “两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。” ①.(两只美丽的)画眉

“两只美丽”是 “画眉”——主语中心语的修饰部分,叫“定语”。

②.[高兴]地唱

谓语中心语“唱”前边的修饰、限制成分——“高兴”为“状语”。

③.(一首)歌

宾语中心语“歌”前的修饰、限制部分——“一首”为“定语”。

④.歌唱得<好>

修饰、限制谓语中心语“唱”,并放在它后面的部分——“好”为“补语”。

4.划分句子的口诀:

(1)句子成分要划对, (2)纵观全局找主谓。 (3)主前定状谓后补,(4)谓前只有状地位。(5)“的”定“地”状“得”后补,(6)宾语只受谓支配。

示例及练习部分

划分句子成分练习

1、鲁班是我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑工匠。

答案:(鲁班)主语(是)谓语(我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑)定语主干:鲁班是工匠。

2、那个时候的社会生产力还十分落后。

答案:(那个时候的)(社会)定语(生产力)主语(还)(十分)状语(落后)谓语

主干:生产力落后。

3、鲁班接受了一项大的建筑工程任务。

答案:(鲁班)主语(接受)谓语(了)状语宾语。

主干:鲁班接受任务。

4、鲁班从中得到启发。

答案:(鲁班)主语(从中)状语(得到)谓语主干:鲁班得到启发。

5、蔡伦出生在一个贫苦的铁匠家里。

答案:(蔡伦)主语(出生)谓语()补语.

主干:蔡伦出生.

篇二:英语句子结构分析

英语句子结构分析

句子的划分

I. 根据结构划分:①简单句:S+V(主+谓)

S+link-V+P(主+谓+表)

S+V+O(主+谓+宾)

S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)

②并列句 and, but, or等

③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)

副词从句(状语从句)

形容词从句(定语从句)

II. 根据功能划分: 陈述句

疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)

祈使句

感叹句

一.五种句型

1. I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。

Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。

2. Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。

3. I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。

4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。

5. We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。

I. 常用的连系动词: ① 变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn

② 保持某种状态:Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.

③ 看起来,好像:Appear, look, seem.

④ 感官动词:Feel, smell, sound, taste.

II. 跟双宾语的动词

1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.”

如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等

2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。

如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的`动词还有:build,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。

3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后

如:Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西

Give it to me。把它给我

4、 有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如ask,teach,tell,owe,

I asked John. 我问约翰

I asked a question. 我问了一个问题

I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题

5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,

不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。

Could you explain your point of view to us?

=Could you explain to us your point of view?

III . 复合宾语结构

1,Verb(动词)+Object(宾语)+to do sth

His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。 2, Verb(动词)+Object(宾语)+doing sth

My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.

3, Verb(动词)+Object(宾语)+done

Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.

4, Verb(动词)+Object(宾语)+adj(形容词)

You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。 5,Verb(动词)+Object(宾语)+prep(介词短语)

My father kept me at home

6,Verb(动词)+Object(宾语)+n(名词)

We made him our monitor.

● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 ● 注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:

1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。

2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

二,各种句子成分 1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象.

Students study. (学生学习。)

We are friends.(我们是朋友)

If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.

不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。

The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.

成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。

The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。)

They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。)

To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实).

Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。

It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。)

Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)

充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式.

2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。如:

Students study. (学生学习。)

We are friends. (我们是朋友)

I have a dream.

You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.

所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需

He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。)

Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?)

The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。)

He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。)

Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)

谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)

3)宾语:表示行为的对象,放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:

They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。)

I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)

You don’t find opportunities…you make them.

你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。

You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on. 如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。

状语

状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。

如: 1.The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。

2.可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。

(1)。副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中。

He speaks the language badly but read it well. 这种语言,他讲得不好,但阅读能力很强。

Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. 当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。

3.状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等

(1)。时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中 Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? In China now leads the world.

(2).地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。 There are plenty of fish in the sea.

She kissed her mother on the platform(月台).

(3)。原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。 Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes because I like them.

(4). 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。

She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway. She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.

(5). 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首。 He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。

In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.

(6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。 We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.

If he were to come, what should we say to him?

(7). 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。

For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. 他尽管有钱,但似乎并不幸福。 He helped me although he didn’t know me.

(8).程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。 The lecture is very interesting.

To what extent would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何? (9)。伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。 My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten. He stood there ,pipe(烟斗) in mouth.

同谓语

当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同谓语(appositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。

1.名词用作同谓语是大量的。

(1). We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。

(2)We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。

2.代词用作同谓语。

(1)。They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他。

(2)。Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧。

3.数词用作同谓语。

(1)。Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗?

(2)。They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了,我们三个留了下来。

4.不定式与动名词用作同谓语。

(1)。Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。

(2)。The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭,被拒绝了。

5.Of 短语用作同谓语

The city of Rome 罗马城 the art of writing 写作艺术 The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好

6.从句用同谓语,即同谓语重句

(1)。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不确。

(2)。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。

定语

定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。

1.形容词用作定语是大量的。

(1). She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。

(2). He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。(后置定语)

2. 名词用作定语。

如 (1). A baby girl 女婴

(2). well water 井水

(3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车

(4). A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂

3.代词作定语。

(1). Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。(物主代词用作定语)

(2). Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责。 (不定代词所有格作定语)

4.数词作定语

(1). There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。

(2). Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 现在就干吧,你可能再没有机会了。

基数词用作后置定语: page 24 Room 201 the year 1949 4. 副词充当定语时常后置,如:

the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日

5.不定式用作定语

(1). Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。

(2). That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。

6.动名词用作定语.

A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 药

eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法

7.分词充当定语

a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者

a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花

8.介词短语用作定语。

(1). This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。

(2). The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。

9.从句用作定语,即定语从句

The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。 Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了。

补语

补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(subject complement),补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(object complement).

(1). 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号。

Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了。

有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。如: The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求。

(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等

1.They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。(名词用作并与补语)

2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾语补语)

3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。(形容词用作宾语补语)

3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。(形容词短语用作宾补)

4.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. 同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。(不定式用作宾语补语)

5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。(动名作宾补

6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。

1、You know — one loves the sunset, when one is so sad…

你知道的—当一个人情绪低落的时候,他会格外喜欢看日落……

2、If someone loves a flower, of which just one single blossom grows in all the millions and millions of stars, it is enough to make him happy just to look at the stars. He can say to himself, "Somewhere, my flower is there…" But if the sheep eats the flower, in one moment all his stars will be darkened… And you think that is not important!

倘若一个人对一朵花情有独钟,而那花在浩瀚的星河中,是独一无二的,那么,他只要仰望繁星点点,就心满意足了。他会喃喃自语:“我的花就在星河的'某个角落……”可是,这花一旦被羊吃掉了,一瞬间,所有星星都将随之黯淡无光……那你也认为这不重要吗?

3、Flowers are so inconsistent! But I was too young to know how to love her…

花总是表里不一,而我太年轻了,不知道该怎样爱护她……

4、For she did not want him to see her crying. She was such a proud flower…

她其实是不愿意让小王子看到自己哭泣。她曾经是多么高傲的一朵花……

5、My flower is ephemeral, and she has only four thorns to defend herself against the world. And I have left on my planet, all alone!

我的花生命是短暂的,她只有四根刺可以保护自己,抵御世界,我却将她独自留在我的星球上了!

6、His flower had told him that she was only one of her kind in all universe. And here were five thousand of them, all alike, in one single garden!

他的花朵曾经告诉他,自己是宇宙间仅有的一种花;可是仅仅在这座花园里,就有五千朵和她一模一样的花!

7、I thought that I was rich, with a flower that was unique in all the world; and all I had was a common rose. A common rose…

我总以为自己很富有,拥有一朵世上独一无二的花;实际上,我所拥有的不过是一朵普通的玫瑰而已。一朵普通的玫瑰花……

8、To me, you are still nothing more than a little boy who is just like a hundred thousand other little boys. And I have no need of you. And you, on your part, have no need of me. To you, I am nothing more than a fox like a hundred thousand other foxes. But if you tame me, then we shall need each other. To me, you will be unique in all the world. To you, I shall be unique in all the world.

对我而言,你只是一个小男孩,和其他成千上万的小男孩没有什么不同。我不需要你。你也不需要我。对你而言,我也和其它成千上万的狐狸并没有差别。但是,假如你驯服了我,我们就彼此需要了。对我而言,你就是举世无双的;对你而言,我也是独一无二的……

9、The wheat fields have nothing to say to me. And that is sad. But you have hair that is the color of gold. Think how wonderful that will be when you have tamed me! The grain, which is also golden, will bring me back the thought of you. And I shall love to listen to the wind in the wheat.

麦田对我没什么可说的。这很可悲。但是你的头发是金色的。想一想,当你驯服了我,那将是多么美妙!谷物,也是金色的,会让我想起你。我会喜欢听麦田里的风。

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