非谓语动词在不同的句式中，是什么样的构造呢？下面是老师为同学们带来的关于非谓语动词用法的具体介绍。供同学们参考。希望对同学们有帮助！
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1）不定式
时态语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2）动名词
时态语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3）分词
时态语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词
动词的种类
动词是表示动作或状态的'词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。
1．行为动词
行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语；不及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。
More and more people study English.(vt)
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)
2．连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
It feels damp.
3．助动词
助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定，疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。
How do you usually come to school?
The children are playing yo-yo now.
4．情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。
Can I help you?
- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .
a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时，指本身有能力的"能"；be able to用于各种时态均可，指须经过努力而"能"。
b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为"必须"，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时；have/has to表示客观需要，意为"不得不"，它可用于各种时态。
c．need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。
动词不定式的形式
1．作主语。 如：
To learn English is very important.
但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语，而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。
如上句可表达为：
It's very important to learn English.
2．作表语。 如：
My idea is to ring him up at once.
3．作宾语。 如：
I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.
4．作宾语补足语。
a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如： The policemen asked him to get off the bus.
b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如： We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.
c. let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。
如： In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
d.动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语，可带to也可不带to。
如： Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?
5．作定语。
a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词千万不要省略。
如： Maybe they have three rooms to live in.
b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。
如： Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.
c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。
如： I have no time to play cards.
6．作状语，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。
如： I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.
7．不定式复合结构"for sb. to do sth" 作主语时，常用"It is +adj+ for
of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,
right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."
其他形容词用 for。
It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.
It's very kind of you to help me.
8．动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。
如： I don't know when to start.
He didn't tell me where to go.
但上面结构相当于一个从句，故上述句子也可表达为：
I don't know when we'll start.
He didn't tell me where he would go.
注意：
a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式，只能接动词的-ing形式。
如： enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。
如： The peasants are busy picking apples.
Would you mind my opening the door?
b.有些动词后可接不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式，但意思不同。
如： Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做)
Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了)
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
短语动词的四种类型
动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫短语动词。主要有四类：
一、动词+副词
有的一般不跟宾语，如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等；有的可以跟宾语，如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意：宾语是名词时，放在副词前面或后面都可以，但若作宾语的是人称代词时，就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如：
We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。
We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)
二、动词+介词
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如：
I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。
三、动词+副词+介词
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如：
She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。
四、动词+名词+介词
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如：
Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候，你要照顾好你弟弟。
及物动词与不及物动词
根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如：
When will he arrive? 他什么时候到？(arrive 不带宾语，为不及物动词)
He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语，为及物动词)
有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词：
The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。（不及物用法）
The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。（及物用法）
He is writing. 他在写字。（不及物用法）
He is writing a letter. 他在写信。（及物用法）
The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。 （不及物用法）
The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。（及物用法）
实义动词与非实义动词
根据其含义和句子功用，动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)。如：
He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词)
He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词，read为实意动词)
He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词,red为实义动词)
S十V主谓结构
S十V十F主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾
语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾
语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：
1．S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如：
He runs quickly．他跑得快。
They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out．煤气用完了。
My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc．花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still．他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town．他们在家乡种水稻。
He's got a chair to sit on．他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English．请把这个句于泽成英语。
3．S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。例如：
I saw a film yesterday．我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily．他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。
They've put up a factory in the village．他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well．你应该好好照看你的孩子。
4．S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me．他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me．他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me．他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me．他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me．请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me．他问我个问题。
注意，下边动词只有一种说法：
They robbed the old man of his money．他们抢了老人的钱。
He's warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease．医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats．我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak．他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
5．S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 They made the girl angry．他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out．我发现他出去了。
I saw him in．我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand．他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now．我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
等比句 句型［主语（主体）+谓语+as+形容词/副词+as+被比对象］
1. He is as tall as I (am). 2. This window is just as wide as that one.
3. This is just as good an example as the other. 4. Does John work as hard as Henry?
5. We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.
[注] 如果形容词后有一个单数可数名词, 不定冠词应置于名词之前形容词后, 如：He is as poor a speaker as I.
句型［主语+谓语+no more形容词//副词（或no +形容词/副词比较级）+than+被比对象］
1. She is no less diligent than her elder sister. 2. One minute too late is no more in time than half an hour.
3. The food on the ship was no better than on any other ship on which Billy had sailed.
4. We too have a head and two hands and are no stupider than others.
5. China's women, no less than men, are participating in all kinds of work in the socialist construction of their country.
[注] 如果两个主语相比，谓语动词应与前一个保持一致关系。如： He no less than you is (不是are) diligent.
[附注] 表示等比的还有以下一些方式：
1) "…be equal to+被比对象"如：A dingle day is equal to twenty years. In strength, he is equal to me.
2) "…be worth+被比对象" 如：An inch of time is worth an inch of gold. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
3) 用其他词语表达：Three early mornings will make a day. Only he in our class can cope with you in knowledge of English.
差比句 句型［主语+谓语+形容词比较级/ 副词比较级+(名词)+than+被比对象］
1. Too much help is sometimes worse than no help.
2. Facts speak louder than eloquence. (Actions speak louder than words.)
3. Our room is a little larger than theirs and it has more furniture in it.
4. Light does not travel at the same speed through all materials; it goes slower through some than through others.
[注] 这种形容词组合还可以作定语，置于名词之后。如：It feeds on worms and other fish smaller than itself.
句型［主语+谓语+more/less+形容词原级/副词+than+被比对象］
1. This book is more interesting than that one.
2. He is more attentive in class now than he was last term.
3. It's less cold than it was yesterday.
4. He works more regularly than you do.
5. The new edition is less expensive than the old one.
[注1] 使用比较级要注意两点：
1) 不要使用双重比较级， 如：(误) His younger brother was more stronger than he.
(正) His younger brother was much stronger than he. His younger brother was stronger than he.
2) 不要使用无比较对象的孤立的比较级。如：(误) We saw many smaller houses on both sides of the river.
(正) We saw many small houses on both sides of the river.
(正) We saw many houses smaller than usual on both sides of the river.
[注2] 比较级前可加一些增强语气的词，如：much, even, still, a little (bit), slightly, far , any, no, a lot 等。
My room is a little (bit) smaller than hers. Eighteen is much less than eighty.
[注3] 如果表示"因…而更…" 可用句型 the+比较级+for (或because, as等词)，
如： I like him all the better for his faults. I do not like him the less because he has faults.
He is none the happier for his wealth. A good tale is none the worse for being twice told.
句型［主语+谓语+not so/not as+形容词原级/副词+as+被比对象］
1. Tom is not so tall as his brother. (Tom is less tall than his brother.)
2. Mr. Green is not so old as he looks. 3. It isn't as cold as it was yesterday.
4. John doesn't work so hard as Henry.
5. Dawney answered slowly: "Never so happy as when my hands are full.
句型［主语+谓语+以or结尾的形容词比较级+to+被比对象］
1. His strength is superior to (=greater than) mine. 2. My knowledge is inferior to (=less than) his.
3. Is your father senior to mine? My father is junior to yours.
4. His arrival in New York is posterior to that of my friend.
5. Colored people are by no means inferior to white people.
句型［被比对象(第一分句暗示某种程度)+主体(第二分句含比较级)］
1. I caught the last bus from town; but Harry came home even later. (He came home later than I.)
2. The Long March is great, but the New Long March will be greater, and more arduous.
3. Dear as are father and mother, the motherland is still dearer.
4. One of my suitcases is small, and the other one is medium.
句型［主语+谓语+absolute superiority over+被比对象］
［主语+谓语+above/ next to+被比对象］ ［主语+can't compare with+被比对象］
1. The socialist system has demonstrated absolute superiority over the capitalist one.
2. The price of wisdom is above rubies. 3. We love truth above everything else.
4. As long as men live, water will continue to be what it is today - next in importance to oxygen.
5. Next to the Yangtze, the Yellow River is the second longest river in our country.
6. It is worth next to nothing. 7. How could Napoleon compare with Lenin?
8. The situation of the enemy cannot compare with ours.
[附注] 关于等差句有以下几点需要注意：
1) 句型16 "not to speak of" 等词组也可用以表示差比, 如: Even a worm, when trodden on, will turn, not to speak of a man outraged.
2) former, latter, elder等形容词, 词尾虽然是比较级形式, 但它们永远不用于比较句中, 也不能跟than, 如： He will come here in the latter part of year.
3) 等差既可以指出相差的数目, (用by+数词表示) 也可以指出相差的范围, 如: of +名词, with regard to, in point of, with respect to, with reference to, with relation to, in the sphere of, in the field of等等。例句: She is the more patient of the two. In point of commerce, Shanghai is more prosperous than Nanjing. With reference to territory, China is larger than America.
4) 有些语句的词序变动较大阅读和翻译时要弄清其结构。如：Easier said than done. (=It is easier to be said than to be done.) In science, more than in any other human institution, it is necessary to search out the past in order to understand the present and to control the future. (= It is more necessary in science than in any other human institution to search out…)
有时一个词的原级和比较级在一同结构的句中会产生不同的意义，如：If he was ten years old, he would understand it. ≠ If he was ten years older, he would understand it.
5) 要注意避免不合理的比较。如：（误）The face of his father looks older than his uncle.
（正） The face of his father looks older than that of his uncle. His father's face looks older than his uncle's.
极比句 句型［…the 形容词最高级/ 副词最高级+(名词)+范围词…］
1. This is the easiest book I've ever read. 2. Mrs. Thomson works hardest of all.
3. Dictionaries are like watches; the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true. 4. It is our greatest happiness to dedicate our youth to the New Long March.
5. The least means shall be used to achieve the greatest end. 6. Which of the boys studies best?
句型［…the most/ least形容词原级/副词+(名词)+范围词…］
1. She is the most active girl in our class. 2. You're the one who writes the most correctly.
3. "How is your watch?" - "My watch goes the most accurately."
4. The most short-sighted man could see that at a glance, with his naked eyes," said Martin.
5. Light waves travel most quickly through air, they go much slower through water and even slower through glass.
[注1] "best of all" 表示肯定的最; "least of all" 表示否定的最， 如： I like swimming best of all.
I like that least of all. The least用作最高级时，往往被其后面的形容词的反义词的最高级所取代。如: This is the most difficult (不用the least easy) book I've ever read. This is the most uninteresting (很少用the least interesting) book of the three.
[注2] 两个概念的表示法：1) 若干个最大中的一个可用 "one of+最高级" 表示, 如: "What about horse-racing?" - "I should say that that is one of the most popular sports in Great Britain."
2) "第2, 3, 4…大" 可用 "the 序数词+最高级" 表示, 如： My home town is the second largest city in our province.
[注3] most前，如果没有the,则不是表示比较，而表示 "很", "非常", 如: The present world situation is most favorable for the people. The meeting proceeded in a most friendly atmosphere.
句型［…否定词…+比较级…］
1. I never saw a prettier sight. 2. No other book has had a greater influence on my life.
3. I will say this, that the best shot in existence could not have done it more beautifully
4. "How about a game of bridge?" - "I can't think of a better idea."
5. When you come to think of it, there is nothing in the world more potent-and more impotent - than words
[注] 从反面表达最高比较级的方式很多，甚至可以不用比较级的词语，如：
Nothing ancient or modern seems to come near it. (come near 与…相比)
In point of strength, he is second to none. (second to none独一无二)
No one is to be compared with him for resourcefulness. He has no equal in playing ping-pong ball.
句型［…否定词语…+so+形容词/ 副词+as+被比对象］
1. No country suffered so much as England. 2. No war is so great as the European war.
3. There is nothing I like so much as playing football. 4. Nothing is so easy as this.
5. None is so blind as those that won't see.
[注] 极比句中表示范围的词语，除了用差比句附注第三列出的词以外，还有以下几种。
1) 用that引出的从句表示范围: That is the most important discovery (that) ever made by man.
2) 用in 引出的短语表示范围: This is the busiest street in the city.
3) 用of 引出的短语表示范围: Of all the writers of the time Lu Shun enjoyed the greatest popularity among the people.
4) 用其他介词短语表示: Mr. Zhu is the strictest among the teachers of our school. It is the finest thing under the sun.
5) 用条件句表示范围: "If there is one thing I do not like, it is a crying child…"
"If there is a scoundrel upon earth, that scoundrel's name is HEEP."
比例句 句型［(从句) The+形容词比较级/ 副词比较级…, (主句) the+形容词比较级/ 副词比较级…］( 第1个the是关系副词，有 "by how much" 之意，第2个the是指示副词，有 "by so much" 之意。)
1. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
2. The sooner we begin our work, the sooner we shall finish it.
3. The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.
4. "How long is he going to stay there?" - "I don't know exactly, but… the longer he stays the better."
5. The more I think of it, the happier I am.
[注1] 当比较级作表语而又不处于句首时, 可以不用the 相关联。 如：When we encounter more difficulties, we should be more spirited; when we are more at danger, we should be more courageous.
[注2] 注意本句型可省略的成分较多, 常见于谚语、俗语中 如： The sooner, the better.
= the sooner you do it the better it will be. = By how much sooner you do it, by so much better it will be.
= In whatever degree sooner you do it, in that degree better it will be. The more, the merrier. The more, the better.
[注3] 还有一些带比较级的词组，也含有比例发展的'意味；但这些词组多用于表示同一事物的发展程度，一般不带被比对象。1) "…ever+比较级+ (and+比较级)…" 如：The story gets ever more exciting.
Our country is growing ever richer and stronger.
2) "…+比较级+and+比较级…" 如：…his poor cheek has turned ever thinner and paler.
3) "…the+比较级…" 这大多是一种习惯用语。 如： So much the worse. a change for the worse all the more = more and more
择比句 句型［Better+(主语)形容词或副词/名词/(to)动词原形…+than+被比对象］
1. Better late than never. 2. Better to do well than to say well.
3. Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness.
4. Better say nothing than nothing to the purpose.
5. Better die standing than live kneeling. (=it is better to die standing than to live kneeling.)
[注] 注意本句型可省略被比对象, 如： Better be with the dead. Better let the furnace cool a bit.
句型［主语+had (would) rather+动词原形…+than+动词原形…］
［主语+谓语+rather than+动词原形…］
1. I would (或had) rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside.
2. They would rather die as free men than live as slaves.
3. "I would rather die with my head high, with indestructible faith and profound belief in the destiny of our country, than live in humility and renounce the principles which are sacred to me."
4. Oliver fell on his knees, clasping his hands together, and begged them to kill him if they pleased rather than send him away with that dreadful man. 5. He insisted on staying rather than go
句型［主语+prefer+名词或动名词A+to+名词或动名词B…］
［主语+prefer+不定式A+rather than+不定式B…］
1. I preferred these ruins to Kate's pointed yellow boots. 2. He prefers doing to talking.
3. The revolutionaries preferred death to dishonor. 4. I prefer to work rather than (to) sit idle.
5. He prefers to write his letters rather than dictate others.
[注1] 注意本句型的两式不可混用。不可说 "I prefer doing this rather than that." 只能说 "I prefer doing this to (doing) that. 或 I prefer to do this rather than do that.
[注2] prefer的派生词 preferable, preference也都可用以表示择比。有以下方式：
1) "名词A+be+preferable to+名词B" 如： This is preferable to that.
2) "…名词A+in+preference to+名词B" 如： After the noun reason, use that in preference to because.
3) "…preference for+名词A+to+名词B" 如： I have a preference for Chinese to foreign novels.
句型［主语+would sooner+动词原形…than+动词原形…］
［Sooner than+动词原形…(主句) 主语+would +动词原形…］
1. I would sooner die than do such a thing.
2. Mr. Milton would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.
3. Sooner than do such work, I would starve.
4. Sooner than marry that man, Eva would earn her living as a waitress.
句型［主语+would (had)…as soon/as lief+…as+被弃对象］
1. I had as soon you broke his neck as his finger.
2. I would (just) as soon stay at home as go for a walk.
3. He would as soon kill himself as betray his country.
4. I would as lief (as soon) die as live in dishonor.
5. I would (had) as lief join the Eighth Route Army as anything.
句型［主语+…choose+名词A+before+名词B］ ［主语+before+从句］
1. A hero should choose death before dishonor. 2. He chose this before all others.
3. I am willing to work myself to death before I give up. 4. I would do anything before that.
5. We would sooner die fighting first before we allow this to happen to us.
[注] 其他如first, leave…for或两个独立分句等也可表示择比， 如： He said he would resign first.
He left the bar for the pen. I like geography, but I prefer history.
对比句 句型［（第一并列分句）+while/whereas+（第二并列分句）］
1. The enemy rots with every passing day, while for us things are getting better daily.
2. The strength of the collective is boundless, while that of the individual is very limited.
3. Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.
4. You can also see that there is a grand piano, whereas ours is an upright.
句型［（第一并列分句）+but on the contrary+（第二并列分句）］
1. I have not nearly done. On the contrary, I have only just begun.
2. I do not admire that man, but on the contrary, I have a great contempt for him.
3. You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am very busy.
4. We are becoming stronger and stronger as we fight and, on the contrary, our enemy is getting more exhausted as the war drags on.
[注1] 与本句型相似的词组还有：1) "Contrary to+名词" 如： Contrary to what we had expected, he didn't come.
2) "In contrast to+名词" 如： In contrast to (或with) capitalism, there is nothing in the socialist economic system to cause war. 3) "In opposition to+名词" 如： In opposition to my wishes, you didn't study hard.
[注2] 与本句型意义相反的是 "如同…一样", 参考下面句式：
"Just as+从句", "Just like+从句": Just as Karl Marx did, he regarded a foreign language as a weapon in the struggle of life. = Just like Karl Marx, he regarded a foreign language as a weapon in the struggle of life.
句型［If+从句, (then)+主句］
1. If a government uses fascistic methods to suppress others, it is only one step removed from using the same methods against its own people.
2. If the desert can be called the sea, then the camels are the ships in it.
3. If in the capitalist world the working people toil only in order not to die of hunger, then in our country creative labor is considered as a thing glorious and heroic.
4. If this should be true, (then) that will be wrong.
[注] 表示对比意义的方式是比较多的，这里主要指出两种。
1) 利用句子成分相同或相似的平行结构来表示，如：
We that (that是古旧用法) are sundered in sorrow may meet again in joy.
Books are the best of things if well used; if abused, among the worst.
2) "As…so…" 也可以表示对比意义，如：As the bees love sweetness, so do the flies love rottenness.
