篇一：英语的句首动词用什么形式
在英语高考试题的选择题中，经常让考生对英语句子的句首动词形式判断。本文将从以下几个方面谈谈自己在平时教学中发现的规律归纳如下。
1、句首的原形动词。此类题目设置的是祈使句。其基本句型为：祈使句 + and/or/— +简单句。该句型中，祈使句表示条件，简单句表示结果。请看下面两个例子。
________ down the radio—the baby's asleep in the next room.（93年高考题）
A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn
--English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
--Yes. _________ more words and expressions and you will find it
easier to read and communicate.（04年上海高考题）
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
根据基本句型要求，以上两题的答案分别是B、A。
2、不定式。不定式结构出现在句首是不定式短语作目的状语。其意是“为了” 。例如：
__________ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.（01年北京、内蒙古、安徽春季高考题）
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having Slept
根据句意“为了早上多睡一会儿，Bob关掉了闹钟”，故A为正确答案。
3、过去分词。过去分词在句首通常用作状语，表示时间、方式或伴随、原因、条件、让步等。它们与句子主语的关系是被动关系。例如
_______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.（03年北京高考题）
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
在此试题中，句意为“给他时间”，表示条件，且相对主语而言，含有被动之意，D项为正确选项。
______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.（05年北京春季高考题）
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
此试题中，从汉语意义上讲，它表示了主动的意义，而从英语结构来说，要用be + 过去分词。与空格后的with组成的短语是be faced with。故该题正确答案是C。由此而推出很多这样的短语：be dressed in, be covered with, be
tired of, be filled with，be separated from, be lost in, be marked with，be addicted to等，这样的短语用作了系表结构，表示状态。
4、现在分词。现在分词在句首所作成分与过去分词相同。例如：
_____ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.（01年上海高考题）
A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
_____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.（05年湖北高考题）
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
以上两题现在分词所表示的动作在主语之前发生，应该用完成式。两题的不同点是主动与被动。上海题的现在分词与句子主语的关系是主动关系，根据four years时间状语，正确答案是C。湖北题则表示被动关系，也有时间状语，故C是正确答案。
5、垂悬分词
_____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.（01年全国高考题）
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 此题设置的非谓语动词的逻辑主语不是it,而且it也不是非谓语动词的逻辑宾语。因此此题属于垂悬分词。因为这个动作发生在谓语动词之前。正确答案是A。
6、动名词。动名词在句首考查的是句子的主语。
________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.（02年上海高考题）
A. Exposed B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _______ the answers ready will be of great help.（05年北京高考题）
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
上海题测试的是动名词短语作主语，expose与one’s skin是动宾关系,因此，选项C为（动名词的被动式）正确答案。北京题，第二句的will be of great help缺主语，根据上下文的意思，“准备”是指一般性的行为，因此正确选项是D。
7、句首动词的其他特殊结构：例如：
⑴ 动词原形开头的句子结构，是由as引起的倒装句中。例如：
Try as she might, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.（05年广东） 根据as引起的倒装句的要求，其句子结构为：原形动词 + as + 主语 + would/might。
⑵ 插入语结构。常用不定式作插入语的结构有：to begin with（首先）、to tell the truth（说老实话）、to sum up（总之）、to make things/matters worse（情况更糟的是）、to be frank/honest/?等形式。例如：
To make matters worse, he also had a son in college who had taken a bank loan for his students.
⑶倒装结构中的现在分词和过去分词在句首。此结构中的现在分词实际上是动词的进行时态变化而来，过去分词是由被动语态变化得来的。例如： Hanging on the wall is a photo of Mary’s family.
Tied to the small tree is a boat.
⑷不定式作主语。例如：
To see is to believe。
篇二：动词与句子
动词与句子
一、 句子的基本句型
在句子各成分中，主语和谓语是句子的核心部分。
5类基本句型：
1、S V （主、谓）
2、S V P （主、系、表）
3、S V O （主、谓、宾）
4、S V O C （主、谓、宾、补）
5、S V O O （主、谓、宾、宾）
二、 动词分类
连系动词 (SVP)
不及物动词 (SV)
实意动词 单宾语动词 (SVO)
动词 及物动词 双宾语动词 (SVOO)
复合宾语动词 (SVOC)
情态动词
助动词
三、 动词分类与基本句型
1、 连系动词用于SVP句型。常见的连系动词有：be (is, am .are, was,were…..), smell, taste, sound, look, feel,seem, appear,become, get, turn, come, go, grow, fall, keep, remain,prove,make等。
Mary is a student. The cotton feels soft.
Your answer seemed right. He becomes wiser than before.
The days are getting longer. Please keep quiet.
His idea proved wrong.
2、 不及物动词用于SV 句型。不及物动词就是不能够接宾语其意思就完整的动词。如：go, come, turn, jump, swim, slow down, step in, set out, go ahead, drop in, happen, take place, matter, succeed等。
He has come. The sun is shinning.
It doesn’t matter. Who cares?
I will drop in if I have time.
3、 单宾语动词用于SVO 句型. 单宾语动词就是只需接一个宾语其意思就完整的动词。如：know, want, enjoy, like, dislike, begin,start,need等。
I need some help. I know your name.
Do you need any help? She likes milk.
They enjoyed themselves very much last night.
4、 双宾语动词用于SVOO句型。双宾语动词就是需要接两个宾语其意思才完整的动词。两个宾语一个为间接宾语，一个为直接宾语。一般来说，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。如：give, ask, answer, forgive, save, refuse, envy,teach,show, allow, bring, hand, lend, offer, pass, return, send, leave, tell, throw, wish等。
He told My father bought （间宾）（直宾） (间宾)（直宾）
I envy you your health. He give me the book yesterday.
5、 复合宾语动词用于SVOC句型。复合宾语动词就是要接一个宾语和一个补语其意思
才完整的动词。宾语和补语合起来统称为复合宾语。宾语补语表示宾语的性质、状态，是对宾语的一种补充说明。
1）用形容词作补语的复合宾语动词有：get, paint, make,believe, talk, find, think, keep, push, build, hold, drink,wash等
They keep I find （宾语）（宾补）
He pushed the door open. I believe him wrong.
They painted the room red.
2) 用名词作补语的复合宾语动词有：call, name, make, elect, find, consider, choose等 We call We elect （宾语）（宾补） （宾语）（宾补）
（宾语）（宾补）
注意：
1、双宾语结构与复合宾语结构的区别：
双宾语结构：间接宾语（指人）＋直接宾语（指物）
复合宾语结构：宾语（补语的逻辑主语）＋补语（说明宾语的性质、状态） 试比较：
He made me a sentence. 他给我造了一个句子。
He made me an officer. 他把我造就成为一名军官。
第一句为双宾语结构，一个是人，一个是物。第二句为复合宾语结构，“me”与“officer”之间有主谓关系，等于“I am an officer.”。
2、有些不及物动词加上介词后便成为及物动词。如：
I agree------ I agree with you.
He has arrived.--------- He has arrived at the station.
篇三：五类动词+句子归类
五类动词：
第一类动词：
让某人做某事动词结构：let / make / have sb. do sth.
E.g. Let’s go! Don’t make me laugh!
第二类动词：
助动词(顾名思义：帮助你对将肯定的意思变成否定或疑问)，如： be , do, have, will
e.g. I love you! ? 变成否定句： 变成疑问句：
第三类动词：
情态动词（常用有5个）： can /could, may/might, shall/should, will/would, must/must, dare, have to(不得不，客观必须), ought to（理应去做）, need to（需要去做） 结构：情态动词+ do sth. (动词原形)
注意：情态动词也可作助动词：e.g. I love you.? I will not love you. Will I love you?
第四类动词：
感官动词：see/watch/look at, hear/listen to, smell, feel, notice, observe, taste, touch
结构：感官动词 do sth. (只指向一个动作，并不说明动作的状态)
+sb.｛ doing sth. （表明动作是进行着的状态）
★注意：（被动语态时） The boy is seen to sing.
类似感官动词结构：
① mind/ practice/ regret/ finish/ avoid/ escape + doing sth. (动名词，e.g. mind smoking, practice playing football,etc.)
② keep/ continue/ go on+ doing sth. (表明动作是进行着的状态)
③ stop doing sth. (停止做某事)， stop to do sth.( 停下手上的事情去做某事) 翻译：停止说话，听老师讲课。__________________________________
④ prevent/ stop/ keep sb. (from) doing sth. (阻止某人做某事)
⑤ spend some time/money on sth.
｛ (in) doing sth.
⑥ can’t help (to) do sth. / doing sth.
⑦ require/ insist/ command/ demand/ order/ suggest that sb. (should) do sth.
第五类动词：
除前四类动词以外的动词，结构一般为：~ + to do sth.(动词不定式)，e.g. ask/ order/ call
备注：以上之归类只是简单的一般结构归类，具体情况还需要视动词短语结构以及真实运用为准。
句子归类：
归类一：
按句子性质归类：陈述句，疑问句，感叹句，祈使句。
陈述句分为：肯定句，否定句（肯定句基础上+助动词+否定词（not/never/seldom/less/few…））
肯定句：I love you.?否定句： I do not love you.
疑问句分为：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句（译义与一般疑问句同） 一般疑问句(肯定句前+助动词)： 特殊疑问句(一般疑问句前+特殊疑问词（what, when, where, who, why, how(how much,
how far…)）
选择疑问句：
反意疑问句(陈述句+一般疑问句，前后意义相反即可): You love me, don’t you?
思考：
感叹句分为：以how, what 开头的感叹句。
How + adj. ｛ adv. E.g. How fast/quickly the boy runs!
What + sth. E.g. What a lovely boy he is!
What beautiful furniture it is! (furniture 家具不可数)
祈使句：结构为运用动词原形。E.g. Shut up! Don’t move! Wait a minute, please.
归类二：
按句子结构归类：简单句，并列句，复合句。
简单句：只有一个主谓宾结构的句子。 E.g. He is a student.
并列句：有两个或两个以上主谓宾结构的句子，并以连词将其连接起来的句子。
E.g. 1. He is a student. 2. She is not a student.? （备注：常用连词或连词结构共有11类，如表示承接的有：and, as well as, both A. and B.
表示转折的有：but, yet, however, in contrary…,你能把它们都找出来吗？）
复合句：有从句的句子。（从句也是具有主谓宾的句子，一般由引导词（who, whose, where, what, when,
why, which, that等）引出，其有两个功能：1、对大句中的某个成分作补充说明。2、充当大句中的某个成分。）
1、对大句中某个成分作补充说明
e.g. 原句： The boy is playing PC game.
使用从句后：
2、充当大句中的某个成分 充当主语)
归类三：
按句子长短归类： 短句，中长句，长句。(适用于文章写作字数的控制)
短句：一般为5~6个单词； I love you.? I love you very much!
中长句(并列句)：一般为7~9个单词；
长句（一般为复合句）：一般为10~12个单词。
篇四：动词,句子类型
第一章 动词的时态
第二章 托福难句解析
基本句型概述：
1、 简单句
第一句型：主+谓+(副词)
S1 ： The sun is rising.
The temperature fell ten degrees. Internet dating hurts.
处理办法：比较简单，快速扫过 什么样的词或从句可以作主语？
? 主语是句子要说明的人或事物。 ? 主语:名词、代词、动名词（v+ing)
? 不定式（to+v), what从句，that 从句，how从句等组成。 ? PS: 动词原形不能作主语。
? 该句型的谓语动词是不及物动词（intransitive verb)
? 所表示的.动作没有作为对象，其本身的意思完整，其后不需带宾语。 ? 如：He died.
? 我们不能说:He died his wife*（错误） ? He killed his wife
第二句型：主+系+表
S2 :
Metabolism is a necessary daily activity of most creatures. 处理办法：重点关注表语：一般为下定义时常用 什么样的词可以作系动词和表语：
? ?
? 我们不能说:
第三句型：主+谓+宾
S3 ： A scientist must to learn the pratical experimental methods. The institute offered a opportunity to study this phenomenon. 处理办法：重点掌握，中心在句子宾语位置
? 该句型的谓语动词是及物动词（transitive verb)
? 这种动词告诉我们由主语发出的动作所作用的对象是什么，这里所作用的对象就是
我们通常称之为宾语的，即宾语是主语动作的承受对象，因此这类动词是带有宾语的。
第四句型：主+谓+宾+宾补
S4 : The pigment dyed the china black.
They appointed him chairman of the committee.
处理办法：关注补语，阅读时必须保留
第五句型：主+谓+宾一+宾二
S5 : The hostess cooked the family the dinner. The Americans ordered the church a sculpture.
处理办法：处理两个宾语和动词谓语的关系，必须保留避免遗漏信息
? 该句型的谓语动词是双宾动词（dative verb),这种动词的后面所接成分有“人”又有
“物”。一般来讲，这里的“人”表示动作的接受者，称作间接宾语（indirect object)。”物”表示动作作用的对象，是动作的承受者，称作直接宾语（direct object)。
篇五：雅思写作：如何让你的句子开头多样化
雅思写作：如何让你的句子开头多样化
在多年的写作教学中，笔者发现很多雅思和新托福考生在写作中无法灵活运用句子结构，无法实现句子结构的多样化运用。很多考生为此费尽心思，不知道该从何处着手练习，使文章中的句子能够多样化。事实上，我们可以采用不同的句子开头使句子多样化。 朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家认为，写作的时候不应该总是用“subject-verb-object”的结构顺序，而应该尽量用不同的方式展开一个句子。不同的句子开头既可以美化句子，同时也能使句子与句子之间自然过度，衔接自然，以免过于依赖过渡词。在雅思和新托福考试中，写作考官对句子结构的多样化也是非常重视的。下面，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将给广大考生介绍几种使句子开头多样化的方式方法。
【副词开头】
（1）副词修饰全句
Luckily, he didn't know my phone number; otherwise, he would bother me. Incredibly, Helena got straight A in her school report this semester.
Interestingly, cats and dogs can hardly get along well in a house.
修饰全句常用的副词有：obviously, undoubtedly, apparently, fortunately, clearly, unfortunately, incredibly, luckily, unluckily, surprisingly, frighteningly等。
这些副词大多数表示说话人对全句的看法，在意思上相当于“It is ...形容词 that ...”。
比如：
Obviously, he is nervous about the test.
=It is obvious that he is nervous about the test.
Unfortunately, he tripped over and fell in the mud.
=It is unfortunate that he tripped over and fell in the mud.
（2）强调副词
Hurriedly, the man drew me a scratch map to show me the direction.
Dangerously, the drunkard sped down the street.
Slowly and gently, snowflakes were drifting down from the sky.
（3）副词表示某一地域或某一领域
Geographically, Canada is the biggest country in the world.
Financially, she is independent, but emotionally she is dependent.
【插入语开头】
用插入语开头，表示说话人的态度，或使句子的意思更加准确：
Strangely enough, Jennifer does not enjoy sunshine and beach.
Generally speaking, winter in Vancouver is gloomy.
类似的插入语有：no wonder, no doubt, in other words, in my opinion, in conclusion, in fact, as a matter of fact等。
【形容词和形容词短语开头】
用形容词、并列形容词或形容词短语开头，修饰句子的主语，表示主语的特征或状态： Frantic, the young mother rushed out the door with the baby in her arms.
Tasty and crisp, potato chip is a favorite snack for both children and adults.
Happy at his good marks at school, the little boy skipped on his way home.
Desperate and hopeless, the poor man committed.
【分词和分词短语开头】
（1）修饰句子主语，表示主语所处的状态或主语同时进行的另一个较谓语动词次要的动作 Scared, the girl moved timidly and cautiously into the dark room.（状态）
Cased by my dear pet cat, the mouse dashed into a small hole.（状态）
Spoiled by his parents, the naughty boy always insists on things he wants.（状态） Puffing and hugging, he finished his run.（另一动作）
Looking at herself in the mirror, she fingered her silk scarf on her shoulder.（另一动作）
（2）修饰谓语动词，表示原因、时间等
Lying down on the couch, he felt much relaxed.（时间）
Feeling bored, she turned on the TV and switched from channel to channel.（原因） Wanting to find out the business hour, she called the store.（原因）
Having completed the form, he mailed it out immediately.（时间）
【介词短语开头】
用介词短语开头，表示句子谓语动词发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等：
On seeing him approach, the girl immediately turned her face to a shop window pretending to look at something there.（时间）
Around the corner, a crowd gathered.（地点）
Unlike his father, Peter touches neither cigarettes nor alcohol.（方式）
Due to the limit of seats, he was not accepted.（原因）
In case of fire, use the stairways.（条件）
【动词不定式开头】
动词不定式开头，强调谓语动词动作的目的：
To celebrate the arrival of the Millennium, we held a grand party in the hotel.
To show my trust on him, I deposited $ 10,000 into his bank account.
(转 载 于:wWW.smHAida.cOM :动词开头的句子)
【独立分词短语开头】
用独立分词短语开头，使句子有正式的味道：
Birds singing in the tree, another routine day starts.
Sea gulls flying over the water, the old fisherman flung his fishing meat into the open sea.
A dog following them, the police searched every suspect.
【过渡句开头】
用过渡句开头，表示此句与上下句的关系：
Consequently, I slowed down to avoid a fine ticket.
In fact, she was a kindhearted woman.
【同位语开头】
A signing officer of the bank, Jane signs her name hundreds of times each day at work.
A TV addict, Jim watches TV movies one after another every evening until after midnight.
【副词从句开头】
用副词从句开头，表示主句谓语动词发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件等： When you are in need of help, give me a call.
Wherever you go, I follow.
Since your children love hamburgers and fries, we might as well eat in MacDonald. As if it were summer, everybody wear shorts and a T-shirt.
In case that you get lost, call me at this number.
【名词从句开头】
用名词从句开头，作整句的主语：
Whether you take the position or not makes great difference to me.
Why I am unhappy is something I can't explain.
What they should do about the hole in the roof is their most pressing problem.
从以上朗阁海外考试研究中心介绍的诸多句子开头方法与例句中，我们可以领略到句式变化的多样性。考生们如果能够掌握上述方法，就会发现我们从原来最常用的名词和代词作主语的句式，变为如此多样化的句子开头。与此同时，灵活的运用句子结构实现句型结构的多样化也不再是一件困难的事。
英语好词摘抄
a big headache 令人头痛的事情
a fraction of 一部分
a matter of concern 焦点
a series of 一系列，一连串
above all 首先，尤其是
absent from 不在，缺席
abundant in 富于
account for 解释
in brief 简言之
no doubt 毫无疑问
in conclusion 总之，最后
undoubtedly 无疑
in short 简而言之
truly 的确
accuse sb. of sth. 控告
agree with 同意
ahead of time / schedule 提前
ahead of 在…之前（ahead of time 提前
alien to与… 相反
all at once 突然，同时
all but 基本上；除了…都
all in all 总之
all of a sudden 突然
certainly 当然地；无疑地
obviously 显然
eventually 最后
surely 无疑
finally 最后
to conclude 总而言之
in a word 总之
politic 精明的
political 政治的
beneficial 有益的
beneficent 多多行善的
official 官方的
officiou 多管闲事的
potent 强有力的
potential 潜在的， 可能的
confident 有信心的， 自信的.
confidential 机密的
negligent 忽视的， 粗心大意的
negligible 可忽视的
momentar 瞬时的， 短时的
momentou 重大的
memorable 值得记忆的， 不能忘却的
memorial 纪念的
social 社会的
sociable 善社交的
childish 幼稚的
childlike 孩子般的
distinct: clear 明显的， 清晰的
distinctive: characteristic 独特的， 有区别的
classic 一流的
classical 古典的
comprehensible 可理解的
comprehensive 全面的， 综合的
disinterested 公平的
uninterested 冷淡的
earthl 人间的， 尘世的
earth 泥土似的
effective 有效的
efficient 有效率的
effectual 奏效的
exceptionable 反对的
exceptional 非凡的
fatal 致命的
fateful 决定性的
fleshl 肉体的
flesh 肥胖的
医生病英语人对话--感冒篇
医生：早上好。你哪里不舒服?
Doctor:Good morning. What's troubling you?
病人：你好，大夫。我头疼得厉害。
Patient:Good morning, doctor. I have a terrible headache.
医生：别着急，小伙子，告诉我怎么回事。
Doctor:All right, young man. Tell me how it got started.
病人：昨天我老流鼻涕。现在有点鼻塞。喉咙很痛。恐怕还伴有高烧。感觉糟透了。
Patient:Yesterday I had a running nose. Now my nose is stuffed up. I have a sore throat. And I'm afraid I've got a temperature. I feel terrible.
医生：小伙子，别担心。让我给你检查一下。我先看看你的喉咙。张开嘴说“啊”。
Doctor:Done worry, young man. Let me give you an examination. First let me take a look at your throat. Open your mouth and say "ah".
病人：啊。
Patient:Ah.
医生：很好。把你的舌头伸出来。好的。接下来让我检查以下你的胸膛。把衬衫的扣子解开。让我检查你的心和肺。深呼吸，屏住气。吸气，呼气。顺便问一下，你曾经患过肺结核吗?
Doctor:Good. Now put your tongue out. All right, let me examine your chest. Please unbutton your shirt. Let me check your heart and lungs. Take a deep breath and hold it. Breathe in, and out. By the way, do you have a history of tuberculosis?
病人：没有，从来没有。
Patient:No，definitely not.
医生：听着，你的喉咙发炎了。舌苔很厚。这些都是感冒的症状。
Doctor:Look, your throat is inflamed. And your tongue is thickly coated. You have all the symptoms of influenza.
病人：那我该怎么做呢?
Patient:What am I supposed to do then?
医生：你需要好好休息。多喝水。我马上给你开药方。
Doctor:A good rest is all you need, and drink more water. I'll write you a prescription。
病人：谢谢。
Patient:Thank you very much.
医生：不客气。记住好好休息。
Doctor:That's all right. Remember to take a good rest.
病人：我会的。再见，大夫。
Patient:I will. Goodbye, doctor.
医生：再见!
Doctor:Bye!
Words：
temperature n. 温度，高烧
examination n. 检查，体检
chest n. 胸部，胸膛
unbutton vt 解开扣子
lung n. 肺
tuberculosis n. 肺结核
definitely adv 确定地，肯定地
inflame v. 发炎
symptom n. 症状
influenza n. 流行感冒
prescription n. 药方
短语： Phrases
have a running nose 流鼻涕
a sore throat 喉咙发痛
get a temperature 发高烧
take a look at 检查
take a deep breath 深呼吸
be supposed to 应该
write sb a prescription 给某人开药方
句子 Sentence Structures
What's troubling you?
你哪里不舒服?
Now my nose is stuffed up.
现在有点鼻塞。
By the way, do you have a history of tuberculosis?
顺便问一下，你曾经患过肺结核吗?
相关单词： Related words
cold 感冒
sunstroke 中风
flu 流行性感冒
fever 发烧
cough 咳嗽
bronchitis 支气管炎
tracheitis 气管炎
pertusis 百日咳
asthma 哮喘
pneumonia 肺炎
tuberculosis 肺结核
hepatitis 肝炎
shiver 打寒战
相关短语： Related Phrases
fall ill 生病
be ill with 生病
suffer from 患……病
feel very bad 感到不舒服
vital signs 主要病症
blood pressure 血压
pulse rate 脉搏
temprature 体温
rhythm of the heart 心率
early symptom 早期症状
cardinal symptom 主要症状
constitutional symptoms 全身症状
clinic symptom 临床症状
run a fever 发高烧
run a temprature 发高烧
feel dizzy 头昏眼花
be engorged 充血
be short of breath 呼吸急促
feel chilly 发冷
have difficulty in breathing 呼吸困难
have a headache 头疼
have a sore throat 嗓子疼
have a bad cough 咳嗽得厉害
最基本的英语语法_最基本的英语语法介绍
最基本的英语语法：代词
代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括：
1。 人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等;
2。 物主代词，如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等;
3。 反身代词，如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等;
4。 相互代词，如：each other, one another等;
5。 指示代词，如：this, that, these, those, such, same等;
6。 疑问代词，如：who, whom, whose, which, what等;
7。 关系代词，如：who, whom, whose, which, that等;
8。 不定代词，如：some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything等;
最基本的英语语法：句子成分(members of the sentence)
英语的句子由主语部分与谓语部分组成。具体地讲，主要有下列六种句子成分：
1)主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是一句的主体。如I study English(我学习英语)中的I。
2)谓语动词(predicate verb)它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如I study English中的study。
3)表语(predicative)它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的，如I am a student(我是一个学生)中的student;Our classroom is clean(我们的教室很干净)中的clean。
4)宾语(object)它是表示及物动词动作的.对象的，如I study English中的English。介词后面的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如They don't work on Sunday(他们星期天不工作)中的Sunday，就是介词on的宾语。
5)定语(attribute)它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的，如He likes to drink co1d milk(他喜欢喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。
6)状语(adverbial)它是修饰动词、形容词、副词用的，如He works hard(他努力工作)中的hard。
[注]虚词在句子中一律不能作为句子成分。
实用医务英语句子练习：就诊常用英语
1、一般病情
He feels headache, nausea and vomiting.
他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。
He is under the weather.
他不舒服，生病了。
He began to feel unusually tired.
他感到反常的疲倦？
He feels light-headed.
他觉得头晕。
She has been shut-in for a few days.
她生病在家几天了。
Her head is pounding.
她头痛。
His symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, excessive fatigue, fever and chills. 他的症状有食欲和体重减轻、非常疲倦、发烧和发冷。
He feels exhausted or fatigued most of the time.
他大部份时间都觉得非常疲倦。
He has been lacking in energy for some time.
他感到虚弱有段时间了.
He feels drowsy, dizzy and nauseated.
他觉得昏昏欲睡，头晕目眩和想吐。
He feels as though everything around him is spinning.
他感到周围的东西都在打转。
He has noticed some loss of hearing.
他发觉耞力差些。
She has some pains and itching around her eyes.
她眼睛四周又痛又痒。
2、伤风感冒
He has been coughing up rusty or greenish-yellow phlegm.
他咳嗽带有绿黄色的痰。
His eyes feel itchy and he has been sneezing.
他眼睛发痒，而且一直在打喷嚏。
He has a fever, aching muscles and hacking cough.
他有发烧，筋骨酸痛和常常咳嗽。 hacking = constant。
He coughed with sputum and feeling of malaise.医生常用英语句子
他咳嗽有浓痰，而且觉得很虚弱。 malaise = debility。
He gets a cold with a deep hacking cough.
他伤风咳嗽。
He has a headache, aching bones and joints.
他头痛，骨头、关节也痛.
He has a persistent cough.
他不停地在咳。
He has bouts of uncontrollable coughing.
他一阵阵的咳嗽，难以控制。
He has hoarse and has lost his voice sometimes.
他声音嘶哑，有时失声。
He has a sore throat and a stuffy nose.
他嗓子疼痛而且鼻子不通。
His breathing is harsh and wheezy.
他呼吸时，有气喘似的呼哧呼哧作响。
He has a stabbing pain that comes on suddenly in one or both temples. 有时突然间太阳穴刺痛.
He has a runny nose, sneezing or a scratchy throat.
他流鼻水，打喷嚏和喉咙沙哑。
3、女性疾病
She has noticed one lump in her breast.
她发觉乳房有个肿块。
There is a hard, swollen lump on her right breast.
她右乳房有肿块。
Her left breast is painful and swollen.
她左乳房疼痛且肿大。
She has heavy bleeding with her periods.
她月经来的很多。
Her vaginal discharge is white or greenish-yellow and unpleasant smelling. 她阴道分泌物带白色或绿黄色，而且气味不好。
She has noticed occasional spotting of blood between periods.
在月经来的前后，她有时也发觉有滴滴达达的流血。
She has some bleeding after intercourse.
性交后有出血。
She feels some vaginal itching.
她感到阴部发痒。
She has painful periods and abnormal vaginal discharge.
她月经来时疼痛，而且阴道有不正常的分泌物。
4 手脚毛病
His both hands and feet ache all over.
他两手两脚都很酸痛。
He has pain on the sole of his feet.
他脚底很痛。
There is a wart-like lump on the sole of right foot.
我右脚底有个像肉疣般的硬块。
His ankles look puffy and they pit when he presses them with his finger.
pit = small dent form 句里的 they 和 them 他的足踝好象肿了，用手按，就有小坑痕。
都是指 ankles。
The pain in his left foot is accompanied by redness and swelling. 左脚酸痛，并有红肿。
The joints near his fingernails and knuckles look swollen.
指头和指节旁边的关节，似乎有肿大。
He has numbness and tingling in his hands and fingers.
他的手和指头感到麻木和刺痛。
His legs become painful following strenuous exercise.
激烈运动后，他的腿就痛。
His knee is misshapen or unable to move.
他的膝盖有点畸形，也不能动。
There are some swellings in his armpit.
他的腋窝肿大。
He is troubled with painful muscles and joints.
他的筋骨和关节都痛。
She is troubled by the pains in the back and shoulders.
她的后背和肩膀都痛。
