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没有英语谓语动词的短句集锦60句

时间:2017-10-19 02:02

一、最重要的句子成分。

到目前为止,好多学生在已经学过了9年英语后,还分不清英语中的句子成分。这样会在高中进行句子成分分析时,造成弄不懂成分,从而不能正确理解句子含义以及判断句子成分。或者是在做题时由于句子成分分析不恰当,不能够选择出正确的答案。下面,我们就对在英语中所出现的各种句子成分进行说明

1.主语Subject

Ilike English.I 就是主语。

所谓的主语,就是一句话的中心,主题,或者是动作的发出者,最简单的记忆方法,句子的主语就是位于动词前的那个词。

都有哪些词能充当句子的主语呢?分别为名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、主语从句。(n./ pron./ num./ infinitive/ gerund/ subject clause)

N.Leois a good English teacher.

Pron.Heis very handsome and humorous.

Num.Sixis his lucky number.

Infinitive.To teach English wellis his life goal.

Gerund.Teaching students English betteris also his gaol.

Subject CLause.That he loves Englishis known by all of peopel.

2. 谓语 Predicate

I like English. like 就是谓语。

所谓的谓语,就是句子中的动词,一个英语的句子中必须要有一个谓语动词。在英语中动词分为两类,一类为实义动词,我们用do来代替,一类为系动词,用be来代替.同时在系动词这一部分,我们还引入了半系动词的含义,及有些动词既可以做实义动词,也可以当作系动词使用。比如说感官动词(feel, look, taste, smell)等。

IteachEnglish. teach表达具体的含义,就为实义动词。

Iaman English teacher. am 就是系动词。

The flower smells good.

3. 宾语 Object

I like English. English就是宾语。

所谓的宾语,就是在实义动词后的成分,就是这个动作的承受者,表达这个动作的结果。简单点说,所谓的宾语就是在实义动词后面的那个词。那么都有哪些词可以充当句子的宾语成分呢?分别为名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句(n./ pron./ num./ infinitive/ gerund/ object clause)也就是说,能放在动词前面的,也能放在动词的后面。

N. Leo teachesEnglish.

Pron. He is always ready to helpothers.

Num. We don't need so many people. We only needsix.

Infinitive. Rememberto let your child love English.

Gerund. Please stopblaming your children.

Object Clause. Do you understandwhat I mean?

4. 表语 Predicative

I am an English teacher. an English teacher就是表语。

所谓的表语,就是在系动词Be后面的成分。在句子中用来表明主语的状态,身份,性格,特征,类属等。简单点说,表语就是系动词后面的内容。可以由以下几类词来充当表语:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词及介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词、表语从句等。(n./ pron./ num./ adj./ adv./ prep./ infinitive./ gerund/ participle/ predicative clause)

N. I am ateacher.

Pron. My wife is someone important in my life.

Num. My lucky number is six.

Adj. You are beautiful.

Adv. Class was over al last.

Prep. They are at work now.

The book is on the desk.

Infinitive. My job is to teach English.

Gerund. My job is teaching English.

Participle. The book is interesting.

I am surprised to see you here.

Predicative Clause. The fact is that you can learn English well.

以上四种句子成分为一个完整的英文句子中必须要有的内容,所以在写完一个句子后,我们要看一下,动词有没有,有几个,正常情况下应该是一句话只有一个动词,我们是按照动词的个数来查句子个数的。(没有连词的情况下)动词前后是不是也有相应的成分。如果有,则句子的书写是正确的,如果没有,看看少了什么,该怎么加进去。

5. 定语 Attributive

This is a red apple. red 就是定语。

所谓的定语,就是用来修饰句子中的名词或代词的,起限定修饰作用的句子成分。定语分为两类,前置定语和后置定语,放在修饰词前面的就是前置,放在后面的就是后置。可以由以下几类词来充当定语:名词、形容词、代词、数词、动名词、分词、不定式、副词、介词、定语从句(n./ adj./ pron./ num./ gerund/ participle/infinitive/ adv./ prep./ attributive clause)等。

N. This is my school bag. 名词做定语通常用来表示用途。

Adj. My wife is a beautiful woman. 形容词做定语通常表示状态,属性等。

I have something interesting to tell you. 修饰不定代词时,后置

Pron. Put up your hands and follow my step. 通常为形容词型物主代词来做定语。

Num. She cut the cake into two pieces.

Gerund. I need a walking stick. 动名词做定语表示用途。

Participle. You should adapt to the changing situation.

The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 单个的分词做定语前置。

I like the meal cooked by my mum.

There is a man asking to see you. 分词短语作定语后置。

Infinitive. Let's try another way to do this.

Adv. The buildings around were badly damaged.

Prep. The books on the desk are bought for my son.

Attributive Clause. He lost the pen that he bought last week.

6. 状语。Adverbial

I like English very much. very much就是句子中的状语。

状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的一种成分。在英语中有十种状语,分别为时间,地点,方式,比较,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,程度。充当状语的有:名词、副词、形容词、介词及短语、不定式、分词及状语从句等(n./ adv./ adj./ prep./ infinitive/ participle/ adverbial clause)。

N. I went to Shanghai last month.

Adv. He rans very fast.

Put you coat here.

Adj. I went home late, tired and hungry.

Prep. Don't step on the grass.

Infinitive. To study English well, you should do much exercises.

Participle. Seen from space, the earth looks like a huge water covered globe.

The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his arms.

Adverbial Clases. If you want to study English well, you should do much exercises.

7. 补语 Complement

I found English usuful. usuful 就是补语。

所谓的补语,就是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明宾语的叫做宾语补足语,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语。补语什么时候会出现,跟动词的选择有关。以下几类词可以做补语:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式和分词(n./ adj./ adv./ prep./ infinitive/ participle)等。

N. We all call him Leo.

Adj. We all find English usuful.

Adv. Will you please invite all of them in?

Prep. These things should be kept in the box.

Infinitive. The mother didn't allpwed her daughter to go out alone at night.

Participle. He was once again found wandering along the city street.

When he arrived, he found all the people gone.

8. 同位语 Appositive

He, leo is an English teacher. Leo就是同位语。

所谓的同位语,是对句子中某一成分作进一步的解释说明,与前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。常位于被说明的词后。可由

名词、代词、数词及同位语从句(n./pron./num./appositive clause)等来充当。

N. We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an American.

Pron. They each can get a chance to travel by air.

Num. Are you three ready to start out?

Appositive Clause. The fact that Enlish is very important is known by more and more people.

以上四种句子成分虽然说不是在一个句子里必须出现的,但是为了我们的表意清楚,是应该加上一些限定的,所以这四种句子成分的出现会让我们的句子表述更加清晰明确。因此,在写作的过程中,我们应该注意多把这四种句子成分加入到我们的写作中。

9. 插入语

Nobody knows it, I say, nobody. I say就是插入语。

所谓的插入语,就是有一个词或短语甚至可以是一个句子来充当,作为一个补充说明或想法的表达。通常前后都有“,”隔开,或是用括号标记。

插入语不作为句法中的考查成分,但是有时候插入语会干扰我们对于句子成分的分析判断,所以,在涉及有插入语的句子成分时,可以把它删掉,并不影响我们对于整个句子的理解。

10. 呼语

Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell.

You, stand up!

【例译】

1.正在下着雨。

2.我的哥哥很用功。

3.我每天早晨六点钟起床。

4.日出于东而没于西。

5.比尔和吉姆每天都一起读书一起玩。

解说各例句的黑体字是主语,斜体字是谓语动词。主语通常是一个,但是也可以如例5有两个,甚至两个以上都可以成立。谓语动词也是一个较为普通,但是也可以如例4,5有两上,甚至更多也能成立。本句型的Vi.属于完全不及物动词(Complete intransitive verb).

注:“There + be(Vi. ) + S…”也是属于第一基本句型。例如:

例:There is an alarm clock on her desk.

(她的书桌上有一个闹钟。)

例:There stands a tower on the hill.

(小山上耸立着一座塔。)

B.第二基本句型

【例译】

1.我的名字是汤姆。

2.约翰和玛丽是同班同学。

3.你准备好了吗?

4.所有的问题都不容易回答。

5.你的梦想一定能实现的。

6.这些玫瑰花看起来很美,闻起来也很香。

解说各例句的黑体字是主语,斜体字是谓语动词,字底加线的是主语补语。什么是主语补语?请观察:

①My name is

(我的名字是)

②These roses look

(这些玫瑰花看起来)

上面两例虽各有可作主语的名词“name”和“roses”,也有谓语动词“is”和“look”,但是句意不清楚,无法表达完整的句意,所以不是句子。现在若在例1之后加“Tom”,例2之后加“very beautiful”,那么句意就完整地表达出来了。像这样,一个词(通常是n.pron.或adj.)在谓语部分里补充说明主语者就叫做主语补语。主语补语通常是一个,但是依表达的需要也可以有两个(如例6),或更多。谓语动词需要取主语补语才能把句意表达完整者叫做不完全不及物动词(Incomplete intransitive verb)。

注:下列常见“It…”句式也是属于第二基本句型。

1.It + be + a/n .+ to v…(不定式)

例:It is nice to see you again.

(能再和你见面真好。)

例:It is your duty to take care of your mother.

(照顾你的妈妈是你的责任。)

2.It + be +adj +for +o + to V…

例:It is easy for us to learn to speak English.

(学习说英语对我们来说是容易的。)

C.第三基本句型

【例译】

1.现在我们正在学习句型。

2.海伦做她的课外作业都很小心。

3.昨天你看到他了吗?

4.我们的英语老师林先生会说英语和日语。

5.大部分的小孩都爱阅读故事。

解说各例句的黑体字是主语,斜体字是谓语动词,字底加线的是直接宾语。直接宾语(请参阅L-3,第3节,D,注)通常以名词、代词(宾格)为多,其他如不定式、动名词(如例5)、或名词从句等也可用。直接宾语也可以取两个(如例4),或两个以上。谓语动词取了直接宾语就能表达完整的句意者叫做完全及物动词(Complete transitive verb)。

D.第四基本句型

【例译】

1.她的伯父昨天给了她一件很好的礼物。

2.请给我们一些吃的东西。

3.这位老师常给这些男、女生讲有趣的故事。

4.她的父亲上星期买了一只新的手表给他。

5.我的美国朋友比尔在几天前写了一封信给我。

解说本句型的谓语动词所发出的动作有两个对象,一为“人或动物等”,称为间接宾语,另一为“物或事”,称为直接宾语。本句型也可以把“D.O.”置于“I.O.”之前表达如下:

Her uncle gave a nice present to HER yesterday.

His father bought a new watch for HIM last week.

如上例所示,本句型即变为:

至此我们可以明白,间接宾语实际上是介词的宾语,不过因为它间接地也是谓语动词所发出的动作的对象,所以称为间接宾语。

取间接宾语和直接宾语的谓语动词叫做授与动词(Dative verb)。

本句式在语序上以“I.O.+D.O.”较普通,尤其是“I.O.”为简短的一个名词或代词时,无论是对话或文体,通常都使用“I.O.+D.O.”。所以通常应该说:

Give the BOY something to eat.

(给那男孩吃的东西。)

Make ME a cup of hot coffee, please.

(请泡一杯热咖啡给我。)

而避免说:

Give something to eat to the BOY.

Make a cup of hot coffee for ME, please.

“I.O.”置于“D.O.”之后时,介词或用“to”,或用“for”,通常都是由Vt.来决定,因此在学习过程中请随时注意。

E.第五基本句型

【例译】

1.他们都叫他“小胖”。

2.他使他的年老的母亲很快乐。

3.老师经常都要我们坐得端正。

4.你有办法发动这部汽车吗?

解说本句型的“O.C.”是宾语补语。那么什么是宾语补语?请观察例2如下的说明:

He made his old mother

(他使得他的年老的母亲)

这个词群虽有主语、谓语动词和宾语,完全符合第三基本句型的条件,可是这个词群并没有表达完整的句意,所以不是句子。如果在这个词群的宾语之后再加“very HAPPY”(如例2),那么句意就完整清楚了。在这句里谁是“very HAPPY”?“He”or“mother”?当然是“mother”。因此:

定义 置于宾语之后补充说明宾语者叫做宾语补语(Object Complement)。

谓语动词需取宾语补语才能完整清楚地表达其句意者称为不完全及物动词(Incomplete transitive verb)。

注:1.一般的英语词典对动词的标示只作“Vi.”或“Vt.”两种,至于“完全Vi.”,或“不完全Vi.”;“完全Vt.”或“不完全Vt.”则须自行判断了解。

2.绝大多数的动词都可以作“Vi.”或“Vt.”使用,但是所表达的语义却不相同。例如:

例:He can run very fast.

(他能跑得很快。—“run”是“Vi.”)

He runs a department store in Beijing.

(他在北京经营一家百货商店。—“run”是Vt.)

又同是“Vi.”,或同是“Vt.”,因其为“完全”或“不完全”也有不相同的语义。例如:

例:He believes that God is.

(他相信上帝存在。—“is”是完全“Vi.”)

He is a Christian.

(他是一个基督教徒。—“is”是不完全“Vi.”)

例:Can you make cakes?

(你会做蛋糕吗?—“make”是完全“Vt.”)

Our teacher sometimes makes us do our homework.

(我们的老师有时候会强迫我们做课外作业。—“make”是不完全的“Vt.”)

3.由五个基本句型的解释我们可以了解,决定

Drilling Square Vt.

Ⅰ.请判断下列各句各属于哪一个基本句型。

1.Do you know her younger sister?

2.I got home after dark yesterday.

3.Bill always does very well at school.

4.What pet do you keep?

5.There were some students reading in the classroom then.

6.Amy always helps her mother after school.

7.Tom often makes his teacher angry.

8.Did you see anyone go into that house?

9.Helen looks very happy today.

10.I was born in a little town in the south of Taiwan.

Ⅱ.请阅读下列短文,然后判断底部加线的句子各属于哪一基本句型。

①One summer evening Newton[nju:tn](牛顿)sat quietly on a bench in the garden. ②An apple fell to the ground from a tree. He saw it and thought: ③ “Why did an apple fall?”④He studied very hard.⑤ Later he found out the reason.

⑥One day Newton sat at his desk.⑦ He was studying very hard. His servant came into the room. ⑧ He left an egg on his desk.⑨ There was a watch on the desk.⑩ Into the boiling water in the kettle Newton put the watch instead of the egg.

非谓语动词在不同的句式中,是什么样的构造呢?下面是老师为同学们带来的关于非谓语动词用法的具体介绍。供同学们参考。希望对同学们有帮助!

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1)不定式

时态语态 主动 被动

一般式 to do to be done

完成式 to have done to have been done

2)动名词

时态语态 主动 被动

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

3)分词

时态语态 主动 被动

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词, not + 现在分词

动词的种类

动词是表示动作或状态的'词,按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词,连系动词,助动词和情态动词。

1.行为动词

行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi),及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,后跟宾语;不及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。

More and more people study English.(vt)

The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)

2.连系动词

连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。

Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

It feels damp.

3.助动词

助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定,疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征,助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。

How do you usually come to school?

The children are playing yo-yo now.

4.情态动词

情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。

Can I help you?

- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .

a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时,指本身有能力的"能";be able to用于各种时态均可,指须经过努力而"能"。

b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为"必须",只用于一般现在时和一般将来时;have/has to表示客观需要,意为"不得不",它可用于各种时态。

c.need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。

动词不定式的形式

1.作主语。 如:

To learn English is very important.

但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语,而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。

如上句可表达为:

It's very important to learn English.

2.作表语。 如:

My idea is to ring him up at once.

3.作宾语。 如:

I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.

4.作宾语补足语。

a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.

b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.

c. let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。

如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.

d.动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语,可带to也可不带to。

如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?

5.作定语。

a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词千万不要省略。

如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.

b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。

如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.

c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。

如: I have no time to play cards.

6.作状语,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。

如: I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.

7.不定式复合结构"for sb. to do sth" 作主语时,常用"It is +adj+ for

of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,

right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."

其他形容词用 for。

It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.

It's very kind of you to help me.

8.动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。

如: I don't know when to start.

He didn't tell me where to go.

但上面结构相当于一个从句,故上述句子也可表达为:

I don't know when we'll start.

He didn't tell me where he would go.

注意:

a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式,只能接动词的-ing形式。

如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。

如: The peasants are busy picking apples.

Would you mind my opening the door?

b.有些动词后可接不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式,但意思不同。

如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做)

Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了)

They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)

They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)

短语动词的四种类型

动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语,叫短语动词。主要有四类:

一、动词+副词

有的一般不跟宾语,如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟宾语,如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。

注意:宾语是名词时,放在副词前面或后面都可以,但若作宾语的是人称代词时,就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如:

We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。

We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)

二、动词+介词

如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如:

I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。

三、动词+副词+介词

如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:

She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。

四、动词+名词+介词

如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如:

Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候,你要照顾好你弟弟。

及物动词与不及物动词

根据其后是否带宾语,动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如:

When will he arrive? 他什么时候到?(arrive 不带宾语,为不及物动词)

He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语,为及物动词)

有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词:

The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。(不及物用法)

The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。(及物用法)

He is writing. 他在写字。(不及物用法)

He is writing a letter. 他在写信。(及物用法)

The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。 (不及物用法)

The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。(及物用法)

实义动词与非实义动词

根据其含义和句子功用,动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)。如:

He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词)

He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词,read为实意动词)

He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词,red为实义动词)

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