do / does → am / is / are done
常搭配的时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, on Saturdays, every day, once a month, frequently, every+基数词+可数名词复数(每隔…) …
翻译：1.就像老话说的那样，失败是成功之母。
As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
2.我们每两周回家一次。
We go home every other week.
3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡觉。
He gets up at 5：30 every morning and go to bed at 10：00 every night.
4.作业每天都做。（用被动语态）
Homework is done everyday.
5.我们家附近有一家医院，这对我们很必要。
There is a hospital nearby which is necessary for us.
6.我的航班于上午10点钟起飞。
My flight takes off at 10:00 AM.
7.如果你尽力的话你会成功的。
You’ll succeed if you try your best.
8.他一来我就告诉他这件事。
I’ll tell him about it as soon as he comes.
补充：want, hope, plan, expect, intend, mean, suppose, think本身一般现在时后接不定式表示将来的含义
9.我打算上一所重点大学。
I expect to go to a key university.
做题法宝：一看主语定单复数、定语态，二看状语或其他句子中的动词定时态
一．一般过去式
did → was/were done
常搭配的时间状语：yesterday, last week/month, ago, in the past, in 1980, in the 1980s, the day before yesterday, the other day(不久前的一天), at that time, later that day, once upon a time,…
翻译：1.我小学上了五年。
I studied at the primary school for five years.
2.我半年前加入了这个俱乐部。
I joined the club half a year ago.
3.自从他加入到这个俱乐部已经半年了。
It has been half a year since I joined the club.
4..他在拐角处停下把空瓶子扔进了垃圾箱。
He stopped at the corner and dropped the empty bottle into the dustbin.
5.从1952年到1959年他在部队当了7年兵。
He served in the army from 1952 to 1959 for seven years.
6.中国不再是它过去的样子了。
China is no longer what it used to be.
7.过去，他写了五部小说。
Five novels were written by him in the past.
8.是时候努力学习了。
It’s high time that you worked hard.
9.如果我是你的话，我会更努力学习Englishtec。
If I were you, I would work harder.
三、现在完成时(动作始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去)
has / have done →has / have been done
常搭配的时间状语：lately, recently, in/over/during the past/last few days, these days, so far, by now, up to now, till now,…
1.这是到这个学校以来，我出席的最重要的讲座。
It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
2.到目前为止，Tom已经学了2000个英语单词了。
So far, Tom has learned 2000 English words.
3.她教英语有20年了。
She has taught English for 20 years.
4.你去过伦敦吗？
Have you ever been to London?
5. So far, progress _____has been______ (be) very good and we are sure that the work________will be finished________
(finish) on time.
6.—I ____haven’t found________(find) the book till now.
---Don’t worry. You may have left it at home.
7.His first novel _____has received________(receive) good reviews since it___came out_____(出版、发行) last month.
8.In the past few years thousands of films ___have been produced_________(produce) all over the world.
四、过去完成时
had done → had been done
常搭配的时间状语: by then, until then,by that time, before 2000, by the end of last month, by the time he was ten,…
过去完成时的用法：
1.过去的过去；到过去某个时间为止的动作
2.hardly/scarely(过完)… when(一般过去)
no sooner(过完)… than(一般过去) 表示“刚…就…”
3.It/This/That was + the 序数词 time + that (过完) “那是第几次做…”
4.hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时时表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本…”
1.他说他在国外呆了3年了。
He said he had been abroad for 3 years.
2.在我回家之前他已经离开了。
He had left before I got home.
3.到上个学期末，我已经学了3000歌单词。
By the end of last term, I had learnt 3000 words.
4.比赛刚刚开始就开始下雨了。
Hardly had the game began when it started to rain.
5.那是他第三次犯同一个错误了。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
6.我本想帮你的，但当时太忙了。
I had intended to help you, but I was too busy.
五、现在进行时
am/is/are doing →am/is/are being done
现在进行时的用法：
1.说话时或者现阶段正在进行的动作；
2.某些短暂性动词如come/go/start/ open /close/arrive/return/begin/leave用于进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作；
3.与always / continually/ constantly/forever/all the time 连用表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有厌恶、赞赏、遗憾等情绪
1.我们的朋友现在正在外边等我们呢。
Our friends are waiting for us outside.
2.她现在正在大学学英语。
She is studying English in college.
3.我爸妈这周六要来看我。
My parents are coming to see my this Statuary.
4.他总是先想到其他人。
He is always thinking of others first.
5.教学楼正在被建。
The building is being built now.
六、过去进行时
was/were doing → was/were being done
常用时间状语：at this/that time + 过去时间；at…o’clock + 过去时间；from…to…+过去时间； those days; just now; last night
1.昨天晚上9点钟你在干什么呢？
What were you doing at nine last night?
2.那个男孩子正在写作业的时候突然他爸爸进来了。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came in.
七、一般将来时will do → will be done
1.老师一来，我们就开始上课。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
2.——Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
——It doesn’t matter. I __will____ go myself.
3.Look at the clouds. It __is going to___________ rain.
4. They are to be married in this May. (按计划安排要发生的动作,非个人能随意改变)
5. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。（要求或命令他人做某事）
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
6. He is to succeed. (注定)
7. The Queen ____is to_______visitJapanin a week’s time.
8. The train ___is about to leave_______ (leave).火车马上就要离开。
八、过去将来时would do → would be done
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，有过去时间或动作作参照。Was/were about to do ….when…该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语连用。
1.他说他会在车站等我们。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
2.我正准备出门的时候我的一位老朋友来了。
I was to about to go out when one of my old friends came.
九、将来进行时will be + doing→ will be being done
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
明天这会我正在写作业。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
十、将来完成时will have +done → will have been done
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。
到下个月底，他就已经学了3000个单词了。
By the end of next month, he will have learnt 3000 words.
第1组 五大基本句型
1.主语+不及物动词(短语)
【例句】Birds can fly.鸟会飞。
2.主语+及物动词(短语)+宾语
【例句】Everybody made fun of him.人人都取笑他。
3.主语+连系动词+表语
【例句】These flowers are very beautiful.这些花非常漂亮。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
【例句】My parents bought me a nice Christmas present.父母给我买了一件精美的圣诞礼物。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
【例句】They painted the door red.他们把门漆成了红色。
第2组 It句型
1.It+be/get+形容词/名词/介词短语
【用法】it用作非人称代词时，常表示天气、日期、时间、距离、温度等。
【例句】It gets colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷。
2.It+be+被强调部分+that从句
【用法】构成强调句，强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，that可以换成who,其他情况一律用that。
【例句】It was our manager that/who met me at the airport yesterday.昨天是我们的经理去机场接我的。
3.It+be+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.
【例句】It is necessary to increase your vocabulary in studying English.在学习英语中增加你的词汇量是必要的。
4.It+be+形容词(+of sb.)+to do sth.
【例句】It is clever of him to work out such a difficult problem.他把这么难的问题给解决了，他真聪明。
5.It+be+形容词+that从句
【例句】It is quite clear that the ear of the elephant is like a huge fan.很显然，大象的耳朵像一把大扇子。
6.It+be+过去分词+that从句
【例句】It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.据说，人类天生具有会话能力。
7.It+be+名词+不定式/that从句
【用法】it作形式主语，后面的不定式或that从句是句子的真正主语。
【例句】In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.实际上，对警察来说，在一场重大的足球赛中维持秩序是一项艰难的工作。
8.It+is/has been+时间段+since...
【例句】It is three years since I came here.我来这儿已经3年了。
9.It+be+(high) time...
【例句】It is time for lunch.该吃午饭了。
第3组 疑问代词
1.What+be+主语?
【用法】用于询问职业。
【例句】What is your elder sister?你姐姐是干什么的?
2.What+be+主语+like?
【用法】用于询问某人/物是什么样的或怎么样。
【例句】One of the twins is very active. What is the other like?这对双胞胎中的一个很活跃。另一个怎么样?
3.What+do/does+主语+look like?
【用法】用于询问外貌或长相。
【例句】What does Clark look like?克拉克长什么样?
4.What do you think of...? 关于……你有什么看法?
【用法】用来询问对某人或某事物的看法。
【例句】What do you think of our new English teacher?你认为我们的新英语老师怎么样?
第4组 不定代词
1.one..., the other...
(两者中的)一个……，另一个……
【例句】He has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is a soldier.他有两个儿子。一个是医生，另一个是军人。
2.some..., others...(不确定范围中的)
一些……，另一些……
【例句】Some boys are playing football, and others are playing basketball.一些男孩子在踢足球，另外一些在打篮球。
3.none (+of+复数可数名词或不可数名词)
【用法】none接指人或物的可数名词或不可数名词，后面可以跟of结构;no one只能接指人的可数名词，后面不能跟of结构。
【例句】None of the money was missing.钱一点儿也没丢。
第5组 年龄
1.at (the age of)+基数词在……岁时
【例句】He was struck down by cancer at (the age of) thirty.他30岁时死于癌症。
2.in one’s+整十数的复数 在某人几十多岁时
【例句】My mother became a professor in her thirties.我妈妈三十多岁时就成了一名教授。
3.基数词+years old ……岁
【例句】He is eighteen years old, when he starts to live on his own.他18岁了，是开始独立生活的年龄了。
第6组 倍数
1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as... ……是……的……倍
【例句】Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs.十年前我们村的人口是他们村人口的两倍。
第7组 形容词的原级、比较级、最高级
1.as+形容词原级+as...
……和……一样……
【例句】Mary's spoken English is as good as mine.玛丽的口语和我的一样好。
2.not as/so+形容词原级+as...
……不像……一样……
【例句】She is not as/so happy as she pretends.她并不像她假装得那么高兴。
3.形容词比较级(+名词)+than...
……比……更……
【例句】Lesson Four is more difficult than Lesson Three.第四课比第三课难。
4.no+形容词比较级+than...
……和……一样都不……
【例句】I am no taller than you.我和你一样都不高。
5.形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级...
越来越……
【例句】The computer is cheaper and cheaper.电脑越来越便宜了。
6.be senior/junior/superior/inferior to...
……比……大/小/好/差
【例句】I am five years senior to Jane.我比简大五岁。
7.the+(序数词+)形容词最高级(+名词)(+比较范围) (……中)最/第几……的(……)
【例句】The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。
第8组 副词的原级、比较级、最高级
1.as+副词原级+as...
……和……一样……
【例句】John works as hard as his elder brother.约翰和他哥哥一样工作努力。
2.not...+as/so+副词原级+as...
……不如……
【例句】It doesn't rain as/so often here as it does in my country.这里不如我们国家下雨频繁。
3.副词比较级+than...
……比……更……
【例句】Usually the paperback book is more widely accepted than the hardcover one.通常来说，平装书要比精装书更容易被接受。
4.not+副词比较级+than...
前者不比后者更……(侧重后者)
【例句】I run not faster than my deskmate.我不比我同桌跑得快。
5.副词比较级+and+副词比较级...
越来越……
【例句】He ran faster and faster on the last lap.他在最后一圈时跑得越来越快。
6.like...better (than...)
和……比起来，更喜欢……
【例句】I like movies better than TV plays.比起电视剧，我更喜欢电影。
第9组 副词的常用句型
1.too...to... 太……而不能……
【用法】to后用动词原形，表示结果。
【例句】The girl is too young to dress herself.这个女孩太小，不能自己穿衣服。
2.enough to... ……足以……
【用法】to后用动词原形，表示结果。
【例句】Would you be good enough to take my bag upstairs for me?你能否好心帮我把包拿到楼上?
3.so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词 ……确实如此
【例句】—It was very cold yesterday.昨天很冷。
—So it was.确实很冷。
第10组 情态动词常用句型
1.would rather do...than do...
宁愿……，也不……
【例句】She would rather fail than cheat in the examination.她宁愿
2.cannot but do... 只好做……
【用法】but后的不定式要省略to。
【例句】We cannot but wait until Jane comes.我们只好等到简来。
3.cannot/can never...too...
再……也不为过，越……越好
【例句】You cannot be too careful to cross the road.过马路时再怎么小心都不为过。
4.主语+used to/would+do... 过去常常
【例句】I would go swimming in this river when I was young.我小时候常在这条河里游泳。
5.had better (not) do... 最好(不)做……
【例句】You had better not wait for them.你最好不要等他们。
6.must have done... 一定/准是做过……
【用法】表示对过去情况的推测，只用于肯定句中。
【例句】She knows the story very well. She must have read the book.她对这个故事很熟悉。她一定读过这本书。
第11组 不定式
1.(not)in order (not)so as (not) +to do... 不定式作目的状语
【用法】to do, in order to do作目的状语可以位于句首，但so as to do不可以。
【例句】In order not to be late, she cut across the fields.为了不迟到，她抄近路穿过了田野。
2.so+形容词/副词+as
too+形容词/副词
形容词/副词+enough+to do... 不定式作结果状语
【例句】How could you be so stupid as to believe him?你怎么这么笨，竟然相信他的话?
第12组 动名词
1.stop doing...stop to do停止原有的动作...停下来去做另一件事
【例句】Many people stop doing exercise when they eat less.很多人吃得少的时候就不锻炼了。
2.forget/remember doing...忘记/记得做过
forget/remember to do... 忘记/记得要做
【例句】He forgot telling her about the final exam.他不记得已告诉过她关于期末考试的事了。
3.nmean doing...mean to do...意味着做……打算做……
【例句】My new job will mean travelling all over the world.我的新工作需要在世界各地到处跑。
4.regret doing...regret to do...后悔以前曾做过……很遗憾要做……
【例句】—Robert is indeed a wise man.罗伯特确实是个很聪明的人。
5.try doing...try to do...试着做……努力去做……
【例句】She tried living alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.她尝试着一个人生活，但并不喜欢这样，于是又搬回家了。
第13组 感叹句
1.How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!How+主语+谓语!
【例句】Look! How excited the boys are!看!那些男孩多么兴奋!
2.What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)!
【用法】单数可数名词前有形容词修饰时，用what和how引导感叹句均可，但要注意冠词与形容词的位置。中心词为可数名词复数或不可数名词,只能用what引导感叹句。
【例句】What a wonderful plan you have made!/How wonderful a plan you have made!你制订的计划真棒!
第14组 反意疑问句
1.(陈述部分)肯定，(附加问句)否定?(陈述部分)否定，(附加问句)肯定?
【例句】 He must work hard at physics, mustn’t he?他必须努力学习物理，是吗?
2.No one/Someone...+谓语...，谓语+they?谓语+he?
【用法】陈述部分主语为指人的不定代词，强调整体时，附加问句的主语用they;强调个体时，附加问句的主语用he。
【例句】No one was there that day, was he/were they?那天没有人在那里，是吗?
3.Everything/Anything...+谓语...，谓语+it?
【用法】陈述部分主语是指物的不定代词时，附加问句的主语用it。
【例句】Everything that he said is true, isn’t it?他说的都是真的，是吗?
4.This/That+谓语...，谓语+it?These/Those+谓语...，谓语+they?
【用法】陈述部分的主语是指示代词时，附加问句的主语要用相应的人称代词。
【例句】This means we have failed, doesn’t it?这意味着我们已经失败了，是吗?
5.There be...，谓语+there?
【用法】陈述部分为There be句式时，其反意疑问句的附加问句仍用“...there”。
【例句】There will be an important meeting tomorrow, won't there? 明天有一个重要的会议，是不是?
6.祈使句。will you/won’t you?
【用法】肯定祈使句的反意疑问句，附加问句用will you, 〖JP〗won't you均可;否定祈使句只能用will you。
【例句】Come and play football with us, will you/won't you?过来和我们一起踢足球，好吗?
7.Let's..., shall we?Let us/Let me..., will you?
【例句】Let's have lunch together, shall we?我们一起吃午饭吧，好吗?
第15组 主语从句
1.引导词+主语从句+谓语...
【例句】Whether she will join us does not matter too much.她是否会加入到我们中来并不太重要。
2.It(形式主语)+谓语...+引导词+主语从句
【例句】It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture.你错过了一场这么好的讲座真是可惜。
第16组 宾语从句
1.主句+that引导的宾语从句
【例句】They told us once again that this would never happen.他们再次告诉我们这种事情不会发生。
2.主语+系动词+afraid/sorry/sure/glad/angry等+that引导的宾语从句
【用法】that在宾语从句中没有意义，也不作成分，只起引导词的作用，一般可以省略。
【例句】I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.我确信他明天会来。
3.主句+what/who/whom/whose/which等引导的宾语从句
【用法】what, who, whom, whose, which等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
【例句】Do you know who/whom he is waiting for at the school gate?你知道他正在学校门口等谁吗?
4.主句+when/where/how/why等引导的宾语从句
【用法】when, where, how, why等在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。
【例句】We haven't discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.我们还没有讨论应把我们的新家具放在哪里。
5.主句+whether/if引导的宾语从句
【例句】Did he tell you whether/if he would come the next day? 他告诉你他第二天是否来了吗?
6.Whether引导的宾语从句，+主句
【例句】Whether this is true or not， I am not sure.我不确定这是不是真的。
7.主句+whether引导的宾语从句+if条件句
【例句】He asked me whether I would move to New York if I got the job.他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬到纽约去。
第17组 表语从句
1.主语+be+引导词+表语从句
【例句】The reason why she called me was that she would not attend the party.她给我打电话的原因是她不来参加派对了。
第18组 同位语从句
1.(...+)名词+引导词+同位语从句
【例句】He received the order that he should come back by the noon.他收到命令，中午之前要回来。
第19组 定语从句
1.主句+who/whom引导的定语从句
【用法】who是主格，whom是宾格。通常whom可以用who代替，但直接跟在介词后作宾语时不可用who代替。who/whom作宾语时可以省略。
【例句】Do you know the girl who is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个女孩吗?
2.主句，+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定语从句
【用法】非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句分开，that不能引导非限制性定语从句,who一般不能替代whom。
【例句】This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.这个便条是汤姆留下的，刚才他还在这里。
第20组 状语从句
1.主句+before/after引导的时间状语从句
【例句】It may be many years before the situation improves.这种状况或许要过很多年才能得到改善。
2.主句+since引导的时间状语从句
【用法】since从句常用一般过去时，谓语是短暂性动词时，表示该动作的开始;谓语是延续性动词时，表示该动作或状态的结束。
【例句】It was three weeks since he was ill.他的病已经好了三周了。
3.主句+because/as/since引导的原因状语从句
【例句】The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to
his wife.那位老人让露西挪到另外一张椅子上，因为他想跟他的妻子挨着坐。
4.主句+(al)though/as/while/even though/even if引导的让步状语从句
【例句】Although regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too
close to bedtime.尽管经常锻炼很重要，但在临睡前锻炼绝对不是个好主意。
5.主句+so that/in order that/in case引导的目的状语从句
【例句】I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me.为了能让你赶上我，我会慢慢跑。
6.主句+if/unless/as long as引导的条件状语从句
【例句】I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果不下雨，我明天去。
7.主句+as soon as/directly/immediately等引导的时间状语从句 一……就……
【例句】Directly our maths teacher came in, everyone was quiet.我们的数学老师一进来，大家就都安静下来了。
第21组 There be句型
1.There (+助动词/情态动词)+be+主语...
【例句】There is a lot of meat on the plate.盘子里有很多肉。
2.There+助动词/情态动词+not+be be+not/no+主语...
【例句】There isn’t a telephone in the room.房间里没有电话。
第22组 倒装句型
1.No/Never/Hardly/Seldom/Little等+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...
【用法】表示否定意义的词置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
【例句】Little did Rose care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.尽管自己处于相当危险的境地，但是罗丝几乎没考虑自己的安全。
2.So...+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...+that...
【用法】在so... that...句式中，so...部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
【例句】So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.袭击是如此突然，以至于敌人根本没有时间逃跑。
3.Only+状语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...
【用法】only强调状语置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
【例句】Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.只有合理膳食才会保持身体健康。
4.Not until...+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...
【用法】时间状语not until...置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
【例句】Not until the motorbike looked almost new did he stop repairing and cleaning it.直到把摩托车修理、擦洗得几乎跟新的一样他才作罢。
5.Not only...+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...but also...
【用法】not only...置于句首时，其所在的分句用部分倒装，其中also有时可以省略。
【例句】Not only does he do well in his lessons, but he often helps others with their lessons.他不但自己学习好，还经常帮助别人学习。
6.Hardly had+主语...+when...No sooner had+主语...+than....
【用法】hardly, no sooner 置于句首时，hardly, no sooner所在的.句子用部分倒装。
【例句】Hardly had he uttered the words when she began laughing. 他刚一开口说话，她就笑了。
第23组 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
1.If...did/were...， 主语+would/should/could/might do...
【用法】表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
【例句】If I were eleven years younger, I would dance as well as them.如果我年轻11岁，我会跟他们跳得一样好。
2.If...had done...，主语+would/should/could/might have done...
【用法】表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。
【例句】If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.如果我们走了另一条路的话，或许就能及时赶到这里开会了。
3.If...did/were to do/should do...，主语+would/should/could/might do...
【用法】表示与将来事实相反的假设。从句谓语动词用过去式、“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
【例句】If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如果明天天气好，我就去购物。
4.If...had done...， 主语+would do...
If...should do...， 主语+would have done...
【例句】If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.如果他早点出发的话，他现在就已经到家了。
5.Should/Were/Had+(从句)主语+谓语，主句
【用法】if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有should, were, had时，可将if省略，而将should, were, had提前，构成倒装。
【例句】Should it happen(=If it should happen), what would you do?如果真发生了这样的事，你怎么办?
6.With/Without/But for+名词，主语+虚拟语气形式的谓语...
【用法】句子的虚拟条件是通过词或短语如with， without， otherwise, but for等来表示的。
【例 句】But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.如果没有英语老师的帮助，我不可能在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。
7.主句+as if+(从句)主语+did/had done...
【用法】as if引导的从句常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。
【例句】She acted as if she had been the hostess yesterday.她昨天表现得就好像她是女主人似的。
第24组 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
1.wish (that)+主语+did/had done/would do...
【用法】wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反;用过去将来时表示与将来事实相反。
【例句】I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。
2.suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主语+(should) do...
【例 句】Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.为了安全，老师建议家长们不要让未满12岁的孩子骑自行车来上学。
3.would rather+主语+did/had done...
【用法】would rather后的从句用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
【例句】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I?d rather he focused more on its culture.乔治打算谈谈他们国家的地理，但是我却愿意他多谈一下他们的文化。
4.It is+形容词/名词/过去分词+that+主语+(should) do...
【例句】It is strange that the girl (should) be so rude.那个女孩那么无礼，这真奇怪。
5.suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主语(+should) do...
【用法】在表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气。
【例句】My suggestion is that we (should) get started soon.我的建议是我们应该尽快出发。
1.to get on : (to enter, board)
说明：to get on(搭乘，上车) 动词get的用法很多，常常在后面接用各种不同的介系词或副词而形成意义不同的习语。这里的on是介系词，后面的bus和subway用作它的受词。如果on作副词用，则有进步，相处甚好，与年事已长的意思。
例：
(1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street.
我总是在34街搭乘公共汽车。
(2) William gets on the subway at the same station every morning.
威廉每天早晨在同一车站搭乘地下火车。
2.to get off : (to leave, descend from)
说明：to get off (下车)与上面的get on相反。Get off也有好些其它的意义，如寄出，离开等。下车也可以用alight from或get out of a carriage或motor car, 不过下电车或公共汽车多用get off .
例：
(1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.
海伦在42街下公共汽车。
(2) At what station do you usually get off the subway?
你通常在那一站下地下火车?
3.to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes)
说明：
to put on (穿，戴)特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个成语。英文中还有wear和dress二字也是穿的意思。可是wear是继续的动作，表示穿着的状态，而put on是一时的动作。下面两个句子都是错的：
I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (应用put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day (应用wear).dress的意思是
①put clothes on后面的受词一定是人，如dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white,
②put on clothes, vk Get up and dress quickly. (快点起来穿好衣服。)
例：
(1) Mary put on her hat and left the room.
玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这屋子。
(2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat?
约翰为什么穿衣戴帽呢?
4.to take off : (to remove-said also of clothes)
说明：to take off (脱去)与put on 的意义相反，指脱去衣物鞋帽.民可以用put off, 但较不通用。
例：
(1) John took off his hat as he entered the room.
约翰在这屋时脱下他的帽子。
(2) Is Helen taking off her coat because it is too warm in the room?
海伦是不是因为室内太暖和而脱去她的外衣呢?
5.to call up: (to telephone)
说明：to call up (打电话给……)后面一定要有受词，也就是接电话的人。如果受词是代名词的话，常插在call与up 之间。
例：
(1) I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at three o’clock.
我昨天忘记打电话给钟斯先生，虽然我答应了在三点钟的时候打电话给他的。
(2) Did anyone call me up while I was out?
我出去的时候有人打电话来找我吗?
6.to turn on : (to start, begin)
说明：to turn on (扭开，打开)指扭开电灯，电炉，电扇，煤气等的按钮或开关，以及自来水的水龙头等而言。开电灯也可以用put on the light.
例：
(1) Please turn on the light. This room is dark.
请你扭开电灯，这房间太黑暗了。
(2) Someone turned on the radiator in this room while we were out.
我们外出时，有人把房内的'电炉扭开了。
7.to turn off : (to stop, terminate extinguish)
说明：to turn off (关闭，停止)指扭熄电灯，关闭无线电、自来水等。关灯也可以用put out the light.
例：
(1) Please turn off the light. We do not need it now.
请把电灯关了，我们现在不需要它。
(2) Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it?
我可以把收音机关掉吗，你是不是还要收听呢?
8.to pick up : (to take-especially with fingers)
说明：to pick up (拾起，拣起)尤指用手指把东西拿起业而言。To pick up还有很多其它的用法。如
①让人搭便车：
The motorist picked up a couple of servicemen along the highway
这个乘汽车的人在公路上让两个军人搭乘便车。
②听会，自然学会，(言语，游戏等)：
He never studied French; what he knows he picked up while living in France.
他从来没有学过法文;他所知道的是他住在法国的时候听会的。
③捉住，逮捕，萍水相逢便行订交，选出：
I picked up London lastnight.
昨晚我在无线电听到了伦敦的播音。
例：
(1) John Picked up the newspaper which was on his desk.
约翰把书桌上的报纸拿了起来。
(2) Why didn’t you pick up that pencil which lay on the floor?
你为什么不把地板上的那枝铅笔拾起来呢?
9.at once: immediately, very soon, right away
说明：at once (立刻，马上)为一级通用的副词片语，也可以作为同时(simultaneously)解，如
This book is at once interesting and instructive.
此书既有趣又有益。
例：
(1) He asked me to come to his office at once.
他请我立刻就到他的办公室去。
(2) I want you to send this telegram at once.
我希望你马上把这电报发出去。
