1、结构正确、用给定的英语词完整表达所给的汉语信息，给满分;
2、未用给定词不给分;
3、结构不正确不给分;
4、结构正确，信息完整，但一个或一个以上拼写错误扣0.5分;
5、结构正确，信息有遗漏扣0.5分;
6、结构正确，添加无关信息扣0.5分.
大家可以看出，在所给的评分原则中，有两点极为关键，一是结构，二是给定词，而判卷老师在纷杂的试卷中也一般以这两点为中心去把握学生的得分，而当我们知道判卷规则，再对正下药，就可以尽可能的多得分，而当我们了解到评分规则以后，就应该深刻分析真题，了解每个语法点的考察对象，读懂每道题的字里行间之意，以做到对题目的咬文嚼字。
试题分析：
下面我们一起来逐题分析一下湖北省2007年高考真题，通过结构我们一起逐步定位答案：
31.They sat together around the table, with____________(门关着)，(shut)
咬文嚼字：首先我们要注意到括号后面的给定词——shut，从中文意思中可以推断出shut为关着，还有一个词就是门，而在逗号后面是个with，我们发现该题考的是非谓语动词，再根据门和关着的动宾关系可以马上得出 the door shut 答案，shut为过去分词表示被动含义。
32.I haven’t the slightest idea___________ (他正在说什么).(talk)
咬文嚼字：首先还是确定括号后面的给定词——talk，根据中文意思“正在”我们可以分析出talk应变为talking，而中文意思中“他正在说什么”我们只剩下“他”和“什么”，而相对应中文的两个单词”what”与”he”已经在我们的脑海中浮现出来，在这个时候，大家想想这个句子——“你在说什么?——What are you talking about?”就不难把句子变成完整的what he’s talking about。
33. The fact______(他失败了数次)makes him very upset. (he, fail)
咬文嚼字：对于这道题目所给的给定词更多，所以我们在写句子的时候只用先拟出大概结构，他(he)失败了(fail)数次，而从中文的字里行间我们应该发现“失败了”其实就是已经失败，在英语的结构中就是现在完成时，再回看整个英语句式，我们不难判断the fact后面加从句，而从句的连接词也就是同学们非常熟悉的that，综上，我们就可以得出正确的答案：that he has failed (for) several times。
34.Last night, John was answering the letters that _________(寄给他的) during the past two weeks.(arrive)
咬文嚼字：这道题是在高考中失分较多的一题，很多学生知道要用arrive，但是不知道arrive究竟如何去用，而当时考试时属于非常时间，一紧张就乱写一通，其实只要我们按照结构去分析，就可以减少丢分，甚至不丢分。因此，我们还是根据给定词列出基本结构——从中文意思中我们已经知道 arrive--寄，他--he，而根据句子中the letters that我们可以知道信——到达，后面肯定是接arrive，那么究竟是什么时态呢，在句子中我们了解了John回的这封信应该是两个星期前寄给他的，不难判断就是过去完成时了，就应该写成had arrived，而这时还有一个“他”，所以我们就可以列出基本的结构——had arrived(介词)he,究竟用什么样的介词了，这时候我们就不难得出for，故答案应为 had arrived for him。可见当我们列出基本结构以后就算介词写错，也可以得到部分的分数。
35.He believes that children___________(应允许……学习) at their own pace.(allow)
咬文嚼字：较上一题相比而言，35题无论从单词搭配上还是语法结构上都比前一题要简单的多，允许已经给出了allow这个单词，而学习study和 learn都可以，最后只用解决“应”这个中文意思，马上可以得出应该写情态动词，所以该题答案为should(ought to/must)be allowed to learn/study。
36.She has an excellent _______(对名字的记忆力), which helps her quite a lot in her work.( memory)
咬文嚼字：这道题目也是一个比较容易出错的题目，当同学们一看到“对名字的记忆力”马上又头脑发热起来，其实还是结构的问题，我们还是先列出单词：name，memory，再联系上下文看到了excellent，意思是惊人的，很显然是对记忆力的修饰，马上把“memory”放在前面，name 在后，但是要注意，对名字的记忆当然是对很多名字，所以要加复数，而“对”这个字又考的是英文的介词，回过头来看我们的答案 memory ( ) names，这个时候我们发现当结构正确以后就不难填出介词，因此答案为memory for names。
37. _________(他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference.(he, abroad)
咬文嚼字：在这道题中，我们要首先抓住一个中文的关键词“是否”，这时候同学们马上应意识到表示是否的单词whether，继而确定结构—— whether，he，go abroad(出国)，而问到“他是否出过国”当然应该是已经出国，所以是现在完成时，于是，根据结构和中文意思，我们就可以得出正确答案：Whether he has been abroad or not。
38.The factory’s output of cars this year is_______(大约是去年的三倍).(as, great)(倍数的表达)
咬文嚼字：从整个句子来看，又是一道相对“较长”的一道题目，但是只要一开始定好结构其实都是万变不离其中。还是看给定词和中文意思，在给定词中有 as、great，可以确定考核的是倍数的表达方式：n.+ times as … as，可以回到中文确定结构和给定词：about three times，as great as，last year，这个时候我们再根据对等原则，根据output为不可数名词用that修饰，所以我们得出答案：about three times as great as that of last year。
39.Not only___(要帮助)the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it.(give)
咬文嚼字：这道题虽说是失分率较高的题目但其实仔细了解中文含义还是不难做出判断的，首先我们看到中文“要帮助”，在回到整个文中，很明显我们要完成的句子没有主语，找不到主语的时候宾语变主语，主动变被动，所以先列出结构——help，be given，然后回到文中，我们要警觉到所给的关联词，时态要保持一致，在结构中加上一般将来时，正确答案为：will help be given。
40.It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he ________(可能参与) in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones.(hand)
咬文嚼字：最后一道题虽然给出的中文较少，但翻译内容很多，首先还是列出结构：“可能”(may/might/could),“参与”给出固定搭配 have a hand(in)，然后根据前后文的联系我们可以马上发现讲国王曾经的事情应该用完成时态，故可以给出正确答案：may/might/could have had a hand。
2016年高考英语答完形填空答题技巧
2015年高考英语答完形填空答题技巧
1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则：从近几年的完形填空题看，近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强，并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近，要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象，或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大，必然文章中藏有提示语，正因如此，往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。
2. 词语语义与强于语法原则：完型填空题的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地点、时间、人物和事由。再则，单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴，所以，指导学生时，首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则，然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义，再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。
3. 解题四步法原则：
第一步：跳读。带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。
第二步：选答。这一步最为关键，要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲，但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题，对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去，遵循先易后难的解题原则。
第三步：推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑，把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。
第四步：复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步，要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍，从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。
do / does → am / is / are done
常搭配的时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, on Saturdays, every day, once a month, frequently, every+基数词+可数名词复数(每隔…) …
翻译：1.就像老话说的那样，失败是成功之母。
As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
2.我们每两周回家一次。
We go home every other week.
3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡觉。
He gets up at 5：30 every morning and go to bed at 10：00 every night.
4.作业每天都做。（用被动语态）
Homework is done everyday.
5.我们家附近有一家医院，这对我们很必要。
There is a hospital nearby which is necessary for us.
6.我的航班于上午10点钟起飞。
My flight takes off at 10:00 AM.
7.如果你尽力的话你会成功的。
You’ll succeed if you try your best.
8.他一来我就告诉他这件事。
I’ll tell him about it as soon as he comes.
补充：want, hope, plan, expect, intend, mean, suppose, think本身一般现在时后接不定式表示将来的含义
9.我打算上一所重点大学。
I expect to go to a key university.
做题法宝：一看主语定单复数、定语态，二看状语或其他句子中的动词定时态
一．一般过去式
did → was/were done
常搭配的时间状语：yesterday, last week/month, ago, in the past, in 1980, in the 1980s, the day before yesterday, the other day(不久前的一天), at that time, later that day, once upon a time,…
翻译：1.我小学上了五年。
I studied at the primary school for five years.
2.我半年前加入了这个俱乐部。
I joined the club half a year ago.
3.自从他加入到这个俱乐部已经半年了。
It has been half a year since I joined the club.
4..他在拐角处停下把空瓶子扔进了垃圾箱。
He stopped at the corner and dropped the empty bottle into the dustbin.
5.从1952年到1959年他在部队当了7年兵。
He served in the army from 1952 to 1959 for seven years.
6.中国不再是它过去的样子了。
China is no longer what it used to be.
7.过去，他写了五部小说。
Five novels were written by him in the past.
8.是时候努力学习了。
It’s high time that you worked hard.
9.如果我是你的话，我会更努力学习Englishtec。
If I were you, I would work harder.
三、现在完成时(动作始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去)
has / have done →has / have been done
常搭配的时间状语：lately, recently, in/over/during the past/last few days, these days, so far, by now, up to now, till now,…
1.这是到这个学校以来，我出席的最重要的讲座。
It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
2.到目前为止，Tom已经学了2000个英语单词了。
So far, Tom has learned 2000 English words.
3.她教英语有20年了。
She has taught English for 20 years.
4.你去过伦敦吗？
Have you ever been to London?
5. So far, progress _____has been______ (be) very good and we are sure that the work________will be finished________
(finish) on time.
6.—I ____haven’t found________(find) the book till now.
---Don’t worry. You may have left it at home.
7.His first novel _____has received________(receive) good reviews since it___came out_____(出版、发行) last month.
8.In the past few years thousands of films ___have been produced_________(produce) all over the world.
四、过去完成时
had done → had been done
常搭配的时间状语: by then, until then,by that time, before 2000, by the end of last month, by the time he was ten,…
过去完成时的用法：
1.过去的过去；到过去某个时间为止的动作
2.hardly/scarely(过完)… when(一般过去)
no sooner(过完)… than(一般过去) 表示“刚…就…”
3.It/This/That was + the 序数词 time + that (过完) “那是第几次做…”
4.hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时时表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本…”
1.他说他在国外呆了3年了。
He said he had been abroad for 3 years.
2.在我回家之前他已经离开了。
He had left before I got home.
3.到上个学期末，我已经学了3000歌单词。
By the end of last term, I had learnt 3000 words.
4.比赛刚刚开始就开始下雨了。
Hardly had the game began when it started to rain.
5.那是他第三次犯同一个错误了。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
6.我本想帮你的，但当时太忙了。
I had intended to help you, but I was too busy.
五、现在进行时
am/is/are doing →am/is/are being done
现在进行时的用法：
1.说话时或者现阶段正在进行的动作；
2.某些短暂性动词如come/go/start/ open /close/arrive/return/begin/leave用于进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作；
3.与always / continually/ constantly/forever/all the time 连用表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有厌恶、赞赏、遗憾等情绪
1.我们的朋友现在正在外边等我们呢。
Our friends are waiting for us outside.
2.她现在正在大学学英语。
She is studying English in college.
3.我爸妈这周六要来看我。
My parents are coming to see my this Statuary.
4.他总是先想到其他人。
He is always thinking of others first.
5.教学楼正在被建。
The building is being built now.
六、过去进行时
was/were doing → was/were being done
常用时间状语：at this/that time + 过去时间；at…o’clock + 过去时间；from…to…+过去时间； those days; just now; last night
1.昨天晚上9点钟你在干什么呢？
What were you doing at nine last night?
2.那个男孩子正在写作业的时候突然他爸爸进来了。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came in.
七、一般将来时will do → will be done
1.老师一来，我们就开始上课。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
2.——Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
——It doesn’t matter. I __will____ go myself.
3.Look at the clouds. It __is going to___________ rain.
4. They are to be married in this May. (按计划安排要发生的动作,非个人能随意改变)
5. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。（要求或命令他人做某事）
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
6. He is to succeed. (注定)
7. The Queen ____is to_______visitJapanin a week’s time.
8. The train ___is about to leave_______ (leave).火车马上就要离开。
八、过去将来时would do → would be done
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，有过去时间或动作作参照。Was/were about to do ….when…该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语连用。
1.他说他会在车站等我们。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
2.我正准备出门的时候我的一位老朋友来了。
I was to about to go out when one of my old friends came.
九、将来进行时will be + doing→ will be being done
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。
明天这会我正在写作业。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
十、将来完成时will have +done → will have been done
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。
常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。
到下个月底，他就已经学了3000个单词了。
By the end of next month, he will have learnt 3000 words.
五个基本句式详细解释如下：
1.S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi.)。例如：
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country.
中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out.
煤气用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的钢笔水用完了。
2.S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系动词(link v.)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard.
书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town.
他们在家乡种水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
请把这个句于泽成英语。
3.S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt.)，因此有宾语。例如：
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily.
他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year.
他们去年建了一所房子。
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children.
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你应该好好照看你的孩子。
4.S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他问我个问题。
注意，下边动词只有一种说法：
They robbed the old man of his money.
他们抢了老人的钱。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
5.S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out.
我发现他出去了。
I saw him in.
我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
