英语单词组成句子方法
句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的。
英语句子依其组合方式可分为以下五种基本句型，句子成分的表示法为： S：Subject（主语）, V：Verb（动词）,O：Object（宾语）, IO : Indirect Object (间接宾语), DO: Direct Object (直接宾语) , P：Predicative（表语）, OC： Object Complement（宾语补足语）。
五种基本句型见下表（S＝主，V＝谓，O＝宾，P＝表，IO＝间宾 ，DO＝直宾，OC＝宾补）：
种类 句型 例句
第1种 S+V We work. (不及物)
第2种 S+V+O He plays (及物) the piano.
第3种 S+V+P We are(系动词) students.
第4种 S+V+IO+DO She gave(及物) me a pen.
第5种 S+V+O+OC He made(及物) the boy laugh.
一、 第1种句型：S+V（主语+不及物动词）
1、Birds fly. 鸟飞。
主语＋谓语 (不及物动词)
2、He runs in the park. 他在公园里跑。
主语＋谓语 ＋地点状语 (不及物动词)
此句型是“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。因为是不及物动词，后面当然不能带宾语了，但是可以有状语来修饰。例如上面例句中的 in the park就是地点状语。
3、Class begins.（begin在句中是不及物动词）上课了。
比较：We begin our class at eight. 我们八点钟开始上课。
该句则属于第2种句型，begin在句中是及物动词，由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。
只能当不及物动词的词（必背！）：
sleep 睡觉 walk 步行 swim 游泳 happen（take place）发生
go去 come来 work 工作 laugh 笑 stay呆在…… arrive 到达
二、 第2种句型：S+V+O（主语+及物动词+宾语）
My father read the book. 我父亲读过那本书.
主语 谓语 (及物动词) 宾语
注意：有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它看成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。如：
4、You must listen to me. 你必须听我的。 （Listen是不及物动词。但加上to之后，listen to可以看成一个及物动词。）
可以带宾语的动词是及物动词，可以充当宾语的有名词和名词的相当语（如代词、不定式、动名词及宾语从句）。 如：
5、She likes English. 她喜欢英语。（名词作宾语）
6、I know him very well. 我非常了解他。（代词作宾语） （同第一种句型一样，本句型可以有状语、定语修饰）
7、They want to go. 他们想走。（不定式作宾语）
8、He stopped writing. 他停下笔。（动名词作宾语）
9、The teacher advised that we learn English well. 老师建议我们学好英语。(宾语从句)
三、 第3种句型：S+V+P （主语+系动词+表语）
10、He became a scientist. 他成为一个科学家了。
主语 谓语 (系动词) 表语
be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，才能用来说明主语， 表示“……是……”，“……变成……”等意思。 表语通常是名词或形容词等。
11、They are honest. 他们是诚实的。
12、He became a scientist. 他成为了一个科学家。
13、 His face goes red. 他的脸变红了。
14、 It grew dark. 天变黑了。
注意 ：在英语中，除了be动词和become属于系动词外，还有一些实义动词在表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。
这些词有： keep保持， look看起来， feel觉得， smell 闻起来，
sound 听起来， taste 尝起来，grow/get/go/turn 变得 remain 仍然是
四、 第4种句型：S+V+IO+DO （主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）
15、He gave Tom a present. 他给了汤姆一件礼物。
主 谓(及物) 宾(间接) 宾(直接)
16、Give it to me. 把它给我。
谓(及物) 宾(直接) 宾(间接)
1）、及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象（参见第2种句型）。但有些动词，除了直接宾语外，还要求一个间接宾语，这个间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或物，也可以说是间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的，所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当。
17、We sent them a telegram. 我们给他们打了个电报。
主 谓 宾(间接) 宾(直接)
（ 必背！）常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类）：
A：动词后加to: give 给 show给……看 send寄，打电报 bring带……
read读…… pass递给…… lend借给…… leave留给…… hand交给…… tell告诉…… return把…还给… write给…写信
B: 动词后加for: buy给/为某人买… draw 替/给某人画… make 为某人制作…
【秘诀】 “七给”“一带”to不少， “买”“画”“制作”for来了。
【说明】常跟双宾语的动词“七给”(give, hand，lend, pass, show, send, write)和“一带”(bring)8个及物动词，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上to。即：“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”。buy，draw，make三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后面加for，构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”句型。
关于是否接to 或者接for ，一般都是语言习惯用法的问题，英文中习惯怎么用，就应该怎样来用，没有什么道理可讲。 另外关于to, for 区分的基本原则： to (表示动作对什么人而做)， for (表示动作为什么人而做) ，如： Read the first paragraph to me. 用to表示读的动作是对我而做的。本句的意思是：把第一段读给我听。
五、 第5种句型：S+V+O+OC（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语）
在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
1. He found his new job boring. (形容词做宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词做宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语做宾补)
4. We went to her house but found her out. (副词做宾补)
5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (to be做宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式做宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式做宾补)
9. Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)
【秘诀】 不定式，作宾补， 下列词后省去to：
一“感”二“听”四“看见” 外加三个“小使役”， 保你永远会记住。
【说明】“一感”指feel。“二听”指hear, listen to。“四看见”指notice, observe, see, watch。 三个“小使役”指have, let, make三个使役动词。在这些动词后有不定式作宾补时，不定式的符号to往往要省去。
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词做宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词做宾补) 注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2. I think it best that you should stay with us. 分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
注意：
1. 习惯用语的使用 在英语中，有很多动词习惯用语，在学习的过程中，要注意它们的使用，不必分析单独每个词的使用。 例： We are short of money. (be short of中short做表语)
She is always making trouble for her friends. (trouble做make的宾语)
He has carried out our instructions to the letter. (our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)
We are waiting for the rain to stop. (wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop是宾语补足语)
2. 在英语中，大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，而且还会有一些固定词组，因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。 例：ask：
① Did you ask the price？(直接接名词做宾语)
② She asked them their names. (接双宾语)
③ I asked James to buy some bread. (接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)
④ I asked to speak to Fred. (接不定式做宾语)
⑤ Didn't you ask him in？(在此句中和副词in连用) ⑥ He has asked for an interview with the President. (组成固定词组ask for)
3. There be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有……”
① 谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.
② 有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③ 主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done. (此处也可以使用to do).
④ 谓语动词be可以有时态的变化: There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.
⑤ 谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。 There used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matter with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight?
⑥ there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变翻译疑问句也要借助there。 Is there any hope of getting the job? There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there?
⑦ there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词： Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧ 用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being: You wouldn't want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构) The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构) There being nothing else to do，we went home. (独立主格结构)
■巩固性练习■: 请判断下列句子的结构类型
1. He is running.
2. The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3. The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4. She seemed angry.
5. My father bought me a beautiful present.
6. Why do you keep your eyes closed?
7. Will you tell us an exciting story?
8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10. Can you push the window open?
Health 1．健康的重要性。 2．如何保持身体健康。 3．健康比财富还重要。
It is clear that health is the foundation of one's future success. If you get sick, it is nearly impossible to pursue your career effectively, much less make your dreams come true. On the other hand, if you are stout and strong, you can go all out to overcome the obstacles that lie ahead of you.
Now that we know that health is the source of our energy, what should we do to maintain and enhance our health? First, we should exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second, we should keep regular reasonable hours. If we get up early, we can breathe fresh air. This habit can do wonders in our life. Third, there is a proverb that says, "Prevention is better than cure."
In short, health is more important than wealth. Those who are rich but love their health are no more fortunate than those who are poor. If you want your wish to come true, you should do exercise and keep fit. Health is the most important ingredient of your success. 健康
健康是一个人未来成功的基础，这是显而易见的。如果你患了病，要想有效地成就一生的事业简直是不可能的，更不必说梦想成真了。另一方面，如果你身强力壮，你可以全力以赴克服面前的障碍
既然我们知道健康是能量的源泉，那么，我们该怎样保持和增强健康呢？首先，我们应该每天锻炼身体以强壮肌肉。其次，我们要保持规律的生活。如果早起，我们可以呼吸新鲜空气。这个习惯能在我们的生命中产生奇迹。再次，有一句谚语说得好：“预防胜于治疗。”
总之，健康比财富更重要。失去健康的富人并不比穷人好。如果你想要愿望成真，就应锻炼身体，保持健康。健康是你成功的最重要的组成部分。
The desire for good health is universal. In our competitive society it is important to maintain good health. On the one hand, people with good health can do work with full confidence and their progress in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness. On the other hand, a sick person is usually not interested in everything around him and therefore he loses many opportunities to become successful.
There are many ways to keep it. First, those who are always on the go from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress will affect their health. Second, enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become rested and refreshed. Finally, regular physical exercises benefit one's health a lot. So one should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time
1.One is always on a strange road, watching strange scenery and listening to strange music. Then one day, you will find that the things you try hard to forget are already gone.
一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本是费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就那么忘记了。
2.Happiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in one's hand. It’s about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someone's love when you need love.
幸福，不是长生不老，不是大鱼大肉，不是权倾朝野。幸福是每一个微小的生活愿望达成。当你想吃的时候有得吃，想被爱的时候有人来爱你。
3.Love is a lamp, while friendship is the shadow. When the lamp is off,you will find the shadow everywhere. Friend is who can give you strength at last.
爱情是灯，友情是影子，当灯灭了，你会发现你的周围都是影子。朋友，是在最后可以给你力量的人。
4.I love you not for who you are, but for who I am before you.
我爱你不是因为你是谁，而是我在你面前可以是谁。
5.Love makes man grow up or sink down.
爱情，要么让人成熟，要么让人堕落。
6.If you can hold something up and put it down, it is called weight-lifting; if you can hold something up but can never put it down,it's called burden-bearing. Pitifully, most of people are bearing heavy burdens when they are in love.
举得起放得下的叫举重，举得起放不下的叫负重。可惜，大多数人的爱情，都是负重的。
7.We all live in the past. We take a minute to know someone, one hour to like someone, and one day to love someone, but the whole life to forget someone.
我们每个人都生活在各自的过去中，人们会用一分钟的时间去认识一个人，用一小时的时间去喜欢一个人，再用一天的时间去爱上一个人，到最后呢，却要用一辈子的时间去忘记一个人。
8.One may fall in love with many people during the lifetime. When you finally get your own happiness, you will understand the previous sadness is kind of treasure, which makes you better to hold and cherishthe people you love.
一个人一生可以爱上很多的人，等你获得真正属于你的幸福之后，你就会明白一起的伤痛其实是一种财富，它让你学会更好地去把握和珍惜你爱的人。
9.When you are young, you may want several love experiences. But as time goes on, you will realize that if you really love someone, the whole life will not be enough. You need time to know, to forgive and to love. All this needs a very big mind.
年轻的时候会想要谈很多次恋爱，但是随着年龄的增长，终于领悟到爱一个人，就算用一辈子的时间，还是会嫌不够。慢慢地去了解这个人，体谅这个人，直到爱上为止，是需要有非常宽大的胸襟才行。
10.When tomorrow turns in today, yesterday, and someday that no more important in your memory, we suddenly realize that we are pushed forward by time. This is not a train in still in which you may feel forward when another train goes by. It is the truth that we've all grown up. And we become different.
当明天变成了今天成为了昨天，最后成为记忆里不再重要的某一天，我们突然发现自己在不知不觉中已被时间推着向前走，这不是静止火车里，与相邻列车交错时，仿佛自己在前进的错觉，而是我们真实的在成长，在这件事里成了另一个自己。
11.A contented mind is perpetual feast.知足常乐。
12.A constant guest is never welcome.久住非佳宾，常来不欢迎。
13.A common danger causes common action.同仇敌忾。
14.A cock is valiant on his own dunghill.夜郎自大。
15.A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入，祸从口出。
16、 Don't waste your time on a man/woman, who isn't willing to waste their time on you.
不要为那些不愿在你身上花费时间的'人而浪费你的时间。
17、Just because someone doesn't love you the way you want them to, doesn't mean they don't love you with all they have.
爱你的人如果没有按你所希望的方式来爱你，那并不代表他们没有全心全意地爱你。
18、Don't try so hard, the best things come when you least expect them to.
不要着急，最好的总会在最不经意的时候出现。
19、 Maybe God wants us to meet a few wrong people before meeting the right one, so that when we finally meet the person, we will know how to be grateful.
在遇到梦中人之前，上天也许会安排我们先遇到别的人;在我们终于遇见心仪的人时，便应当心存感激。
20、Don't cry because it is over, smile because it happened.
不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，为你的曾经拥有。
21. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
无热情成就不了伟业。
22. Actions speak louder than words.
行动比精神更响亮。
23. Lifeless, faultless.
只有死人才不犯错误。
24. From small beginning come great things.
伟大始于渺小。
25. One today is worth two tomorrows.
一个今天胜似两个明天。
26. Truth never fears investigation.事实从来不怕调查。
27. The tongue is boneless but it breaks bones。
舌无骨却能折断骨。
28. A bold attempt is half success.
勇敢的尝试是成功的一半。
29. Knowing something of everything and everything of something.
通百艺而专一长。
30. Good advice is beyond all price.
忠告是无价宝。
1、Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.
任何值得做的，就把它做好。
2、Happiness is a way station between too much and too little.
幸福是太多和太少之间的一站。
3、In love folly is always sweet.
恋爱中，干傻事总是让人感到十分美妙。
4、The hard part isn’t making the decision. It’s living with it.
做出决定并不困难，困难的是接受决定。
5、Your happy passer-by all knows, my distressed there is no place hides.
你的幸福路人皆知，我的狼狈无处遁形。
6、You may be out of my sight, but never out of my mind.
你也许已走出我的视线，但从未走出我的思念。
7、Love is not a maybe thing. You know when you love someone.
爱不是什么可能、大概、也许，一旦爱上了，自己是十分清楚的。
8、In the end, it’s not the years in your life that count. It’s the life in your years.
到头来，你活了多少岁不算什么，重要的是，你是如何度过这些岁月的'。
9、When the whole world is about to rain, let’s make it clear in our heart together.
当全世界约好一起下雨，让我们约好一起在心里放晴。
10、It’s better to be alone than to be with someone you’re not happy to be with.
宁愿一个人呆着，也不要跟不合拍的人呆一块。
11、Life is a journey, not the destination, but the scenery along the should be and the mood at the view.
人生就是一场旅行，不在乎目的地，在乎的应该是沿途的风景以及看风景的心情。
12、Time goes by so fast, people go in and out of your life. You must never miss the opportunity to tell these people how much they mean to you.
时间在流逝，生命中人来人往。不要错失机会，告诉他们在你生命中的意义。
13、I lied when I said I didn’t like you. I lied when I said I didn’t care. I lie every time I try to tell myself I will never fall for you.
我说不爱你，那是假话；我说不在乎，那是假话；我告诉自己对你再不会有感觉了，那也是假话。
14、One needs 3 things to be truly happy living in the world: some thing to do, some one to love, some thing to hope for.
要得到真正的快乐，我们只需拥有三样东西：有想做的事，有值得爱的人，有美丽的梦。
