定语从句的英语句子
一、疑问句中考查定语从句
1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week?
A. whereB. the oneC. on whichD. /
【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句
2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.
A. whichB. thatC. /D. where
【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
三、 拆分词组和固定搭配
3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.
A. of whichB. whereC. to doD. that
4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?
A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where
【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part (in)。
四、添加插入语或状语
5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I believe is of great importance.
A. thatB. /C. whichD. why
【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think (suppose， expect， believe， imagine)， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。
五、插入非谓语动词
6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________
the radio for me?
A. who;repairedB. that;repaired
C. whom;repairingD. that;repair
【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.
定语从句翻译方法
定语从语从句有以下五种翻译方法：
前置法：
这是定语从句的翻译中较常见的一种，即把定语从句的内容翻译成“…………的”，放在被修饰词的前面。这种方法的使用有一个原则即是定语从句内容简短，翻译符合汉语表达习惯。
后置法：
与前置法不同，后置法就是把定语从句的翻译放在被修饰词之后，这样做的目的在于使译文符合汉语的表达习惯。在此，定语从句的后置翻译分为三类：由which引导定语从句时一般翻译为“这”;另一些引导词则在翻译时重复先行词，即被修饰词;还有一些引导词在翻译时可以省略不译。
融合法：
在限制性定语从句中，由于定语从句与主句关系紧密，所以定语从句往往翻译成句子的谓语部分，主语即是定语从句的先行词。这里讲的融合法即是将定语从句与主句融合为一个简单句的方法。这种用法往往用在“there be”结构带有定语从句的句型中。。
状译法：
英语的定语从句中有一类在形式上是主句的定语从句，而其所起的作用却相当于主句的状语，修饰主句的谓语或者全句。这种状语功能常常包括原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等，所以我们在翻译时需要弄清主句和定语从句之间的逻辑关系，从而是译文通顺合理，符合汉语表达习惯。
对于定语从句的用法，大家了解多少呢?以下是定语从句总结，一起来看看吧!
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：
1.what不能引导定语从句.
2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。
一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. (=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：
A. 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1.先行词为one、ones或anyone
(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2.先行词为these时
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3.在there be 开头的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.
5.在非限制性定语从句中
A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
C. 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。
(1)先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
(5)如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?
D.只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。
(1)关系代词放在介词之后
This is the factory in which we once worked.
(2)非限制性定语从句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
(3)that，Those作主语时
Those which are on the desk are English books.
E.先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
三.比较When/which、where /which、why.
which I still never forget.
This is the day when I joined the party.
which he spent reading the books.
where I found the book.
which makes machines.
This is the place which we once visited.
which I will never forget.
which I am looking for.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。(没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。)
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。) 从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。) 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which
先研究下面两个例句：
○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。
○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。
这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：
1. 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。
2. 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：
1.He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。
2. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。(不用as)
3.The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。(不 用as)
4.He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)
5.As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：
1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的'书对于初学的人来说是太难了。
=Books such as this are …
=Books like this are …
2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。
3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。
4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。
“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况
这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：
1. That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
2. This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
3. She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .
4. This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,
如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：
1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)
as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.
4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
句子成分精讲
句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分：主语和谓语
1、主语
一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：
一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语
She goes to school by bike.
Eight is a lucky number.
The blind need more help.代词做主语 数词做主语 名词化的形容词做主语
There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语
Predicting the future is interesting.
To be a doctor is my dream.
2、谓语
表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.
英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的构成。
分析句子的主语和谓语
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner.
3、表语
用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
表语的位置
用在动词be和系动词的后面。
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
Your pen is on the desk.
He got very angry.
My dream is to have a robot.
动名词做主语 不定式短语做主语
常见的系动词
1. be动词
2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等
3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等
上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。
4、宾语
是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.
不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.
I saw a plane in the sky just now.
I want three. 名词做宾语 数词做宾语
I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语
We think predicting the future is hard.
5、宾语补足语（宾补） 宾语从句
有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。 充当宾补的有:
1. 形容词作宾语补足语
The sun keeps us warm.
2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:
I found her in the room.
3. 副词作宾语补足语。
Please let him in.
4. 名词作宾语补足语。
We made him monitor of the class.
5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。
I asked him to come.
6、定语
定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的)
1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)
They have a clever son.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 名词作定语:
Is it a color film?
名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:
school bus, ticket office, paper flowers
但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop
man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:
men drivers , women doctors
3. 代词作定语:
This song is better than that one.
4. 数词作定语:
There are only thirty students in our class.
带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.
a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy
5. 副词作定语():
Do you know the young man over there?
6. 介词短语作定语(The students in our class like swimming.
7、状语
修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.
1. 副词作状语:
The old man is walking slowly.
The boy is very clever.
2. 介词短语作状语:表方式 表程度
I have lived in Shanghai for five years.
3. 不定式作状语 表时间
I come here to see you.
4. 现在分词作状语 表目的
The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式
5. 状语从句
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
状语的位置
1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。
We like our school very much.
2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.
I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.
3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,
用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后
I usually get up early.
He is often late.
一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似
sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末
only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.
The actor only sang a song.
Only the actor sang a song.
The actor sang only one song.
两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序
1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.
We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.
2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大
Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.
3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词
She sang very well at the meeting last night.
时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯
Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.
动词-ed形式作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语
一、动词-ed形式作定语
过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：
spoken English (英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);
但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
(1)前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。 激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)
．虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=time which is lost)
(2)后置定语 ①少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。
1. Everything used should be marked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
2. Among the invited were some ladies．被邀请的人中,有些是女士。
3. The books left are for my students．剩下的书是给我的学生的。
②动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。
1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight)
2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。 注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词,改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。
二、动词-ed形式作表语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如： He looked worried after reading the letter．看完信后,他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea．听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。
常见的作表语的过去分词有:
amused(愉快的)； broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的); delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)； surprised(吃惊的); married(已婚的)； known(著名的) 等等
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
She found the door broken in when she came back．她回来时发现有人破门而人。
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。
少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时,强调动作完成后的状态.
They found all the guests gone when they woke up.当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了。
