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英语考研长短句重要吗精选96句

时间:2017-07-28 00:12

钻石句型:①主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)

②主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)

一、句子扩展:修饰成分加长

(一)钻石句型①主谓宾句型

The boy (主语) likes (谓语) English (宾语).

1.主语扩展:

The clever boy likes English.

The boy with a book in his hand likes English.

The boy who is full of imagination likes English.

The clever boy who is full of imagination with a book in his hand likes English.

注:主语中心词为the boy, 可以通过加形容词、介词短语、定语从句及其组合等成分使主语复杂化,从而增加理解难度。考研翻译中的主语考点多为修饰成分繁多的主语。

2.谓语扩展:

The boy likes English very much.

The boy likes English out of interest.

The boy likes English influenced by his parents.

The boy likes English, hoping that one day he can go abroad.

The boy liked English when he was five years old.

注:谓语动词like通过添加副词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、状语从句等进行扩展,从而使句子变得复杂,增加了理解难度。考研翻译中注意找准动词及其修饰成分,以弄清逻辑关系。

3.宾语扩展:

The boy likes American English.

The boy likes English, the international language.

The boy likes English which is the most widely spoken language in the world.

The boy likes English spoken by many people nowadays.

The boy likes English, a beautiful language, spoken by many people living in every corner of the world.

注:宾语English通过添加形容词(短语)、同位语、定语从句、分词短语及其组合进行扩展,从而使简单句变得复杂化。考研翻译中要注意这些修饰成分,如分词结构要找出逻辑主语等,定语从句要找出先行词,等等。

(二)钻石句型②主系表句型

The girl (主语) is (系动词) Mary (表语).

各部分扩展:

The girl in a pink hat with a book in her hand is probably Mary a kind-hearted girl of inexhaustible energy which often amazes her classmates.

注:此句的扩展同上(也是通过添加修饰成分变复杂),不再赘述。

二、句子扩展:成分替换

句子的复杂不仅体现在修饰成分繁多上,还体现在句子成分本身的复杂化上,下面就通过句子成分由简单到复杂的替换来演示句子是如何变难的。

(一)钻石句型①主谓宾句型

主语扩展:

The event amazed the world.

What happened on July 15, 2001 amazed the world.

To hold the 2008 Olympics in China amazes the world.

Holding the 2008 Olympics in China amazed the world.

That China is to hold the 2008 Olympics amazes the world.

注:由此可见,充当主语的除了简单的名词(短语)、代词、数词,还可以是形式比较复杂的动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、主语从句。考研翻译中明确这一点,才能打开思路,更好地划分句子成分,从而做到真正理解句意,进而很好的用汉语表达出来。

宾语扩展:

He can hear me.

He can hear the strange sound.

He can hear anything happening in the building.

He can hear the sound from that building.

He can hear a girl crying in the building.

He can hear whatever happens in the building.

He decided to check what’s going on in the building.

He considered going to the building for a look.

注:由此可见,充当宾语的除了简单的名词(短语)、代词、数词,还有形式比较复杂的动词不定式(短语),动名词(短语),宾语从句。同样的,考研翻译中明确这一点也非常重要,有助于打开思路,理清句子成分。

(二)钻石句型②主系表句型

主语扩展:钻石句型①中的主语扩展(成分替换)已经很明确了,此处不再重复。

表语扩展:

They are beautiful.

They are in the zoo.

They are beautiful animals in the zoo.

They are interested in the new invention.

To see is to believe.

That is what we are talking about.

注:由此可见,充当表语的成分繁多,有形容词(短语),介词短语,动词不定式(短语),分词(短语),名词,表语从句。考研翻译中若这些充当表语的成分变得更长一些,要注意识别。 三、示例

通过下面这个例子,并结合以上句子的扩展,体验一下

But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.

解析:

并列句。第一个分句主干:science does provide us。其中with the best available guide to the future为状语修饰provide, the best available和to the future分别为guide的前置定语和后置定语,由此本句宾语被复杂化: 第二个分句主干:it is critical that...,其中,it为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语,从句主语为名词短语our nation and the world, base...on...为固定搭配,第二个that从句为judgments的定语从句,分词结构concerning...为judgments的后置定语。

一、明确

一篇好的作文,要有一个主题思想,整篇作文应该是紧扣文章主题,遵循特定的文体格式,选用恰当的语言合理组织文章结构,内容统一、连贯,语法、拼写、标点 正确,用词恰当。很多同学在准备英语写作时找不到方向,一味的想在考研英语写作上面抓分,却又不知道怎么样提高。杨老师在此特别提醒考生首先要学会抓住考研英语写作要领,尤其注意文章逻辑关系在阅读中的运用。逻辑关系散布在文章的句子内部、句句之间、以及段落之间。最基本的逻辑关系有以下几种:

1、因果关系:as a result ,therefore,hence,consequently,because,for, due to, hence, consequently等等。

2、并列、递进关系:and, or, then,in addition,besides,in other words,moreover等等

3、转折关系:however,but, yet, in fact等等。

这些其实是已经很熟悉的逻辑提示词在文章中起的效果,并非仅仅是衔接文章的句子,从阅读的角度来看,其实同时在给我们某种提示,告诉我们哪些句子是有效信息,相对重要的信息,哪些信息是相对不重要的信息,因为我们在英语写作的时候,有一条清晰的思路,你不是为了完整翻译文章而进行阅读,而是为了获取主旨来写作。

二、摆脱无话可说 练习“三段式”思维

在英语作文写作时,无话可说的确让人比较头疼,无话可说是一个极端,有的考生题目看得懂,提纲也一目了然,就是不知道该说什么,在考场上头脑一片空白,想到的也只是空泛的东西,在

1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)

2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)

3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)

4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)

8)most important of all, moreover, finally

9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)

10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!

三、用词准确保证语言连贯

考研英语写作中,同样是一篇作文,在没有语法、词汇等基础性错误的前提下,一个考生的句式平平,而另外一个考生的句式灵活多变,非常漂亮,毫无疑问,后者肯定比前者的分数高。但写英语作文时最忌讳的是用一些模棱两可的词,表达不够准确,而且考试时要特别注意语法、词语、语气、标点符号等,避免单词拼写错误、语法错误,不要为了追求词语的华丽而堆积一些自己也没把握的单词,不要刻意追求长句而写一些自己不知对错的有多个从句组成的长句。建议考生考试时,最好选择自己最有把握的词汇、短语和句式。

很多考生习惯背诵模版,在写作文是喜欢套用背诵模版,但由于仓促,紧张等原因,很容易犯一些简单的错误,如语句不通。所以提醒考生选材时切忌胡子眉毛一把抓,词语堆积,不伦不类。前后及段落之间在逻辑关系上要紧密衔接,不能把没有任何逻辑关系的词放在一起,可以用恰当的关联词把思想连贯的表达出来。总之,无论想要套用那个模版,前提都要保证语言通顺,文章思想连贯。此外,要有自己的style,一来通过背诵或研究范文,把握考研英语作文的整体结构特点,以及写作格式,二来要在研究范文的基础上寻找自己的闪光点,比如闪光词汇。如果大家仔细研究真题,就会发现,几乎所有的高分作文都有一个共同点,那就是都具有几个闪光词汇,这个词汇可能并不是什么高级词汇,但是你能把它的延伸意,或者说你能把我它的一词多义,并且应用到你的文章中。

四、长短句巧搭配 精悍短语当亮点

写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。此外短小精辟的句子,也可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although oneaction is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy theintellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

杨老师强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

1.The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix ofinteractivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.

【译文】Virtual Vineyards和Amazon.com及其他开拓者的例子说明:一个销售对路商品的网站,如果将互动性、热情服务、安全性适当结合起来,肯定会吸引网上用户。

【析句】这个句子的主干是The examples... show that,that引导的主语从句作主干结构的宾语。在从句中,主语是a Web site,现在分词结构(selling the right kind ofproducts with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security)作a Web site的定语。

【讲词】interactivity意为"交互性,互动性"。hospitality意为"好客;热情招待",其形容词是hospitable。The visitingdelegation was overwhelmed by the hospitality extended by the localgovernmental officials.(来访的代表团受到当地政府官员热情的款待。)security除了表示"安全"之外,还可以表示"担保;担保人;保障;保险;有价证券"。social security(社会保障或社会保险),credit security(信用保证),fixed interest securities(定息债券)。

2. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, asuccessful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.

【译文】幸运的是,假如门垫或炉灶没有警示你可能会发生的危害,你或许可以对自己所遇到的麻烦索赔并获补偿。或者说人们是这么想的.,因为自80年代初以来,陪审团越发认为公司应对其顾客所遭受的不幸负责。

【析句】句子本身并不复杂,两个句子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中,or so the thinking has gone是一个倒装结构,正常的语序应该是or the thinking has gone so(或者说人们是这么想的)。

【讲词】liable意为"有责任的,有义务的"。I am not liable for otherpeople's debts.(我对其他人的债务不负责任。)He is liable to come today.(他今天很可能要来。)be liable for sth意为"应对......负责";to hold sb liable forsth意为"某人应对某事负责",类似的表达还有to hold sb accountable for sth或to hold sb responsible for sth。I will hold you liable for any damage.(如有损坏,我拿你是问。)

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