1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope， or pronghorn.
2. Of the millions who saw Haley‘s comet in 1986， how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear， happiness， sadness， and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans， the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
5. Insgroupsto remain in existence， a profit-making organization must， in the long run， produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
6. The greater the population there is in a locality， the greater the need there is for water， transportation， and disposal of refuse.
7. It is more difficult to write simply， directly， and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one‘s meaning.
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized， designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer， less severe interiors.
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
10. The knee is the jointswheresthe thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
11. Acids are chemical compounds that， in water solution， have a sharp taste， a corrosive action on metals， and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
12. Billie Holiday‘s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
13. Essentially， a theory is an abstract， symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language， they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
15. Thanks to modern irrigation， crops now grow abundantly in areasswheresonce nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay， which returns ingredients to the soil， enhances soil fertility， and decomposes animal debris.
19. When it is struck， a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone， retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States， they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
在备课托福写作的过程中，很多拿不到高分的学生不是看不懂题目，也不是没有论点，而是论证方面不够具体，这从某种程度上来说成为了托福写作的死穴。在OG中反复强调的FULLY DEVELOPED的重要性其实说得也就是这个道理了。论证的方法有很多，比较常见的包括直接论证，举例子，描写原因，或者引用他人的观点和数据等等。其中，最容易操作的而且又容易得高分的就是举例子了。 然而，举例子这个方法向来不被大家所重视，因为对于大多数学生来说，举例子实在有些过于简单了，只要写上for instance, for example这之类的提示词，然后再根据自己的自身经历去描写一些大家都知道的事实就可以了。其实正如大家所想，考官对于这些例子早已看过了千遍万遍，想得高分可能就会比较困难了。
因此，想要举例子并且拿高分，最好是举两种例子，首先是外国人比较熟悉的例子，根据他们的社会情况，文化起源来举例子。这种方法显然对于那些对国外生活还不十分了解的同学来说是有一定的难度的了。那么第二种就是讲自己的亲身经历和自己身边的故事，这也能让考官产生亲切感。
拿第一种例子来说，如果用得恰当，会给考官眼前一亮的感觉，例如在讨论媒体对人们的影响时，选用美国人所熟知的脱口秀女王Oprah Winfrey作为例子。或是在讨论学生是否都应该学习历史的时候，选用美国历史上知名的总统，如Thomas Jefferson, Herbert Hoover等进行论证都非常好。但是这对考生对于考前的准备工作以及素材的积累工作要求比较高，要知道，不是随随便便哪一个人都可以对于英美的`体制和历史这么了解的，这需要一段时间的系统学习。
那么，对于大多数备考时间十分有限的同学们来说，花大量的时间和精力去准备第一种例子似乎有些不太合适。因此，第二种方法看起来实用性更强一些。
有些同学会问，我身边没有那么多的例子可以去写，又该怎么办呢。这种时候，就要充分发挥我们的想象力，学会编例子了。这里的编并不是随手胡编，更重要的是编的有道理，能够让别人信服。这里就要有一些小技巧教给大家了。首先，在编例子的时候尽量具体，比如加上具体的时间，地点。其次，写完故事之后，千万别忘了再加上一到两句话去论证，这样会有很好的巩固效果。另外有一点需要注意，在你的文章当中，每一句话都是要为你的论点服务的，千万不要只陶醉于自己的故事当中，而忽略了写作的目的。
篇【1】：托福独立写作模板：英文例文
When we see photographs of starving children, it’s hard to say that we should spend billions of dollars on space exploration. But that’s just what we should do. Children don’t need to be starving, but we do need to explore space. Right now, we have enough money to feed every person on Earth. Children are starving because of mismanagement of resources and simple human greed. Those are problems we can solve right here on earth. That shouldn’t stop our need to find out what’s beyond our own solar system.
We may never make contact with whatever other species there may be out there in space. Even so, there are still two very practical and positive consequences of space exploration. One is a certainty and the other is a possibility. The certainty is medical research. Yes, we can conduct research here on earth. But much of the research done in space, for example, on the effects of gravity on bone marrow, is making a difference in medicine here on Earth. When we do research in space, we also learn more about space exploration. Also, many of the inventions that were developed for space travel have been adapted to good use on Earth.
The possible consequence of space exploration is finding another planet human beings can colonize. Overpopulation is a huge problem on our planet. People are living longer, more healthful lives, and that’s a good thing. But it means there are fewer people dying and more people being born. Eventually we’ll have less space, fewer resources, and major distribution problems. If we can find another planet to live on, we can relieve the problems of overpopulation on our planet.
It’s a tragedy that there are human beings suffering on Earth. However, if we wait until everyone has a perfect life, we will never explore space—and that , too, would be a kind of tragedy.
篇【2】：托福独立写作范文：
Most of us can learn how to do something simple on our own with just a set of instructions. However, to learn about something more complex, it's always best to have a teacher.
Teachers bring with them varied and useful backgrounds. They've been trained to teach individuals in different ways depending on their style. For instance, omen students learn better by discussing a topic. Others learn more by writing about it. Teachers can help students learn in the way that's best of each student. A textbook or a manual can only give you one way of learning something. Plus they're only as helpful as your ability to understand them. A good teacher can adapt her teaching to your needs. Teachers help you focus on what you're learning. If you're learning something by yourself, it’s easy to become distracted, and go on to other activities. Teachers keep your attention on the subject. They also approach a subject logically, taking it one step at a time. On your own, it's tempting to skip parts of the learning process you think you don’t need. That can binder your ability to really understand the subject.
Learning a subject on your own is a very narrow way of learning. You can only use the information you get from the textbook. With a teacher, you get the information in the written materials as well as the teacher's own knowledge of the topic. Teachers can also provide extra materials to broaden the scope of what you're learning.
There's nothing wrong with studying on your own, and a learner can always benefit from some quiet study. For the best possible learning, though, a good teacher is the biggest help you can have.
