游戏王解码语者怎么召唤
没有玩过这款游戏。
实在是不知道解码语者是怎么召唤来的。
语用学、修辞学、言语交际学三者的联系与区别
1.概念1)语用学:研究在不同语境中话语意义的前当地表达和准确地理解,寻找并确定使话语意义得以恰当地表达和准确地理解地基本原则和准则。
语用学于20世纪70年代于西方诞生,其是从研究符号与符号解释者的关系发展到不仅研究如何使用语言,还特别注重研究如何理解语言,研究如何从字面意义去理解其中的蕴含意义,成为一门新兴的认知学科。
2)修辞学:语言学的一门学科。
研究提高语言表达效果的规律,即如何依据题旨情境。
运用名种语文材料、各种表现手法,来恰当地表达思想和感情,揭示修辞现象的条理、修辞观念的系统,指导人们运用和创造各种修辞方法怜恰当地表现所要传达的内容。
3)言语交际学:是一门研究言语交际现象及其内部规律的科学,言语交际学属于广义的应用语言学的一门分支学科,其作为一门新崛起的科学,时间不长,处于多门学科的邻接地带,是一门边缘学科。
2.区别1)研究重点不同A.修辞学是研究在交际活动中如何提高语言表达效果的规律规则的科学。
修辞学内部的语言修辞学和言语修辞学都是语言应用的原理原则和言语领域规律技巧的科学。
研究的是语言的应用和理解,但重在应用,重在总结一系列能增强语言表达效果的原理原则,规律和技巧;在研究理解时,不仅注重语言的字面意义,还注重语言的言外之义。
B.语用学从说话人和听话人的角度,把人们使用语言的行为看作各种规约制约的社会行为,研究特定情景中的特定话语,从而发现语用规律。
它不是从语言系统内部(语音、语法、语义)去研究语言本身表达的意义,而是根据语境研究话语的真正含义,解释言下之意、弦外之音。
其研究的主要内容包括:语境、指示词语、会话含义、预设、言语行为、会话结构六个方面。
语用学研究语言的应用和理解,重在理解,重在语言的使用时,很注意语言的策略和场合要求向对方做出顺应,而在研究理解时十分注意交际的认知关系。
但在整个交际活动过程中,语用学既研究编码,也研究解码过程,更侧重于研究在不同的语言环境中如何理解和运用语言。
C.言语交际学则主要从言语的外部行为过程出发,通过对人类运用和交际间的各种关系的探讨,分析进行言语交际得失的原因,从而得出言语交际的一般规律。
换句话说,语言交际学就是在“交际过程中”把握语言的特性与运用,即着重研究语言的动态运用。
2)研究方法不同A.修辞学多用归纳比较等多种方法;B.语用学则是以理解和推理分析的方法,并且语用学的研究方法可分为三种不同的类型: ①纯语用学:也叫形式语用学,是语言哲学领域的重要研究内容之一,他研究语用学的形式和范畴,是研究语用学形式化的最适宜方法。
②描写语用学:致力于描写人的来自经验的有关自然语言的运用原则,分析自然语言怎样跟语境相联系,关注人们为达到特定的交际意图在一定的语境中恰当地使用语言和准确地理解话语的语用能力。
③应用语用学:在应用语用学中,外语教学,人—机对话和人工智能,不同语言间的语用对比研究是最有实用价值的。
C.言语交际学则主要从言语的外部行为过程出发,通过对人类运用和交际间的各种关系的探讨,分析进行言语交际得失的原因,从而得出言语交际的一般规律。
3)具体的研究对象不同A.修辞学研究的对象是修辞现象,即修辞过程中所产生的语文现象,同时也包括具体的语文现象,即运用语文的各种材料,各种修辞手法以及表现方法和技巧。
B.语用学研究的对象是特定情景中的特定话语。
C.言语交际学研究的对象是人类交际中的语言现象,包括体态语言交际,口头语言交际和书面语言交际,即人类交际中语言运用的问题。
3.共同点1)都是把语言文学作为大的研究对象。
2)都探讨应遵循的顺应或适应和礼貌等原则。
3)都研究制约修辞语用的因素—语境。
4)都是独立学科和边缘学科。
首先它们都有特定的研究对象和研究内容,因此它们互不隶属,而是一门独立的学科;另外它们研究的的又都不是全部语言方面的问题,它们的研究内容存在交叉性,同时也有部分重合。
所以它们也是一门边缘性学科。
5)都有助于语言学的发展。
6)都有利于提高人们语言交际的技能。
7)都有助于推动社会的进步。
谁能给一下2017年游戏王世界大赛连锁烧卡组的卡组一览,文字版的(我看卡表图片图好多不认识)
主卡组包括:【绝对王 J 革命】、【神圣魔术师】、【增殖的g】、【骰子壶】、【时械神 拉结恩】、【强欲而谦虚之壶】、【强欲而贪欲之壶】、【削命的宝札】、【连锁爆击】、【裁决的天秤】、【业炎防护罩 火焰之力】、【次元壁】、【自业自得】、【无谋的贪欲】、【内置式机枪】、【内置式爆弹】、【威吓的咆哮】、【和睦的使者】、【破坏轮】、【扰乱三人组】额外卡组包括:【解码语者】、【抒情歌鸲 聚集夜莺】、【森罗的姬芽宫】、【鬼计无头骑士】、【No.13 该隐恶魔】、【No.39 希望皇 霍普】、【SNo.39 希望皇 霍普一】、【SNo.39 希望皇 霍普 电光皇】、【我我我枪手】、【No.82 心园小龙】、【No.63 饭勺战士】、【迅雷的龙骑士 盖亚】、【真红眼钢炎龙】副卡组包括:【时械神 亚法恩】、【DDD 反骨王 列奥尼达】、【人造人 念力震撼者】、【化石恐龙 肿头龙】、【妖精传姬 辉夜】、【妖精传姬 白雪】、【黑洞】、【天使的加护】、【念力震撼波】
minecraft终末之诗翻译
终末被看做是Notch的一元长青哲学(en)观点的体现,在游戏结束时以形式透露给玩家**诗者被认为是两位末影人。
播放终末之诗的滚动效果持续9分28秒。
I see the player you mean.我看到你所指的那位玩家了。
[Playername]?[玩家名称]?Yes. Take care. It has reached a higher level now. It can read our thoughts.是的。
小心。
它已达到了更高的境界。
它能够阅读我们的思想。
That doesn't matter. It thinks we are part of the game.无伤大雅。
它认为我们是游戏的一部分。
I like this player. It played well. It did not give up.我喜欢这个玩家。
它玩得很好。
它从未放弃。
It is reading our thoughts as though they were words on a screen.它以屏幕上出现的文字的形式阅读着我们的思想。
That is how it chooses to imagine many things, when it is deep in the dream of a game.在它深陷游戏梦境中时,它总以这种方式想象出形形色色的事物。
Words make a wonderful interface. Very flexible. And less terrifying than staring at the reality behind the screen.文字是种美妙的界面**常灵活。
且比凝视着屏幕后的现实要更好。
They used to hear voices. Before players could read. Back in the days when those who did not play called the players witches, and warlocks. And players dreamed they flew through the air, on sticks powered by demons.它们也曾经听到过声音。
在玩家能够阅读之前。
君不见那些不曾游玩的人们称呼玩家为女巫,和术士**玩家们梦见它们自己乘坐在被恶魔施力的棍子上,在空气中翱翔。
What did this player dream?这个玩家梦见了什么
This player dreamed of sunlight and trees. Of fire and water. It dreamed it created. And it dreamed it destroyed. It dreamed it hunted, and was hunted. It dreamed of shelter.它梦见了阳光和树。
梦见了火与水。
它梦见它创造。
它亦梦见它毁灭。
它梦见它狩猎,亦被狩猎。
它梦见了庇护所。
Hah, the original interface. A million years old, and it still works. But what true structure did this player create, in the reality behind the screen?哈,那原始的界面。
经历一百万年的岁月雕琢,依然长存**此玩家在那屏幕后的真实里,建造了什么真实的构造
It worked, with a million others, to sculpt a true world in a fold of the [scrambled], and created a [scrambled] for [scrambled], in the [scrambled].它辛勤地劳作,和其它百万众一起,刻画了一个真实的世界,由[乱码],且创造了[乱码],为了[乱码],于[乱码]中。
It cannot read that thought.它读不出那个思想。
No. It has not yet achieved the highest level. That, it must achieve in the long dream of life, not the short dream of a game.不。
它还没有到达最高的境界。
那层境界,它必须完成生命的长梦,而非游戏中黄粱一梦。
Does it know that we love it? That the universe is kind?它知道我们爱它么
这个宇宙是仁慈的
Sometimes, through the noise of its thoughts, it hears the universe, yes.有时,通过它思绪的杂音,它能听到宇宙,是的。
But there are times it is sad, in the long dream. It creates worlds that have no summer, and it shivers under a black sun, and it takes its sad creation for reality.但是有时亦不胜悲伤,于那漫漫长梦中。
它创造了没有夏日的世界,在黑日下颤抖着,将自己悲伤的创造视为现实世界。
To cure it of sorrow would destroy it. The sorrow is part of its own private task. We cannot interfere.用悲伤来治愈会摧毁它**悲伤是它的私人事务。
我们不能干涉。
Sometimes when they are deep in dreams, I want to tell them, they are building true worlds in reality. Sometimes I want to tell them of their importance to the universe. Sometimes, when they have not made a true connection in a while, I want to help them to speak the word they fear.有时当它们深陷梦境中时,我想要告诉它们,它们在现实中创造了真实的世界。
有时我想告诉它们它们自身对宇宙的重要性。
有时,当它们和现实失去了联系,我想帮助它们与它们所惧怕的世界交流。
It reads our thoughts.它读出了我们的思想。
Sometimes I do not care. Sometimes I wish to tell them, this world you take for truth is merely [scrambled] and [scrambled], I wish to tell them that they are [scrambled] in the [scrambled]. They see so little of reality, in their long dream.有时我毫不关心。
有时我想要告诉它们,你们所认为的真实不过是[乱码]和[乱码],我想要告诉它们它们是在[乱码]中的[乱码]。
于它们的长梦中,它们眼中所见的真实太少了。
And yet they play the game.而它们仍然玩这个游戏。
But it would be so easy to tell them...但很容易就可以告诉它们……Too strong for this dream. To tell them how to live is to prevent them living.对于这个梦来说太强烈了。
告诉它们如何活着就是阻碍它们活下去。
I will not tell the player how to live.我不会告诉这个玩家如何生活的。
The player is growing restless.这个玩家正在变得焦虑。
I will tell the player a story.我会告诉这个玩家一个故事。
But not the truth.但不是真相。
No. A story that contains the truth safely, in a cage of words. Not the naked truth that can burn over any distance.不。
是一个严密地将真实包裹起来的文字牢笼**不是赤裸裸的真相。
Give it a body, again.赋予它主体,再一次。
Yes. Player...好的。
玩家……Use its name.以名字称呼它。
[Playername]. Player of games.[玩家名称]。
游戏的玩家。
Good.很好。
Take a breath, now. Take another. Feel air in your lungs. Let your limbs return. Yes, move your fingers. Have a body again, under gravity, in air. Respawn in the long dream. There you are. Your body touching the universe again at every point, as though you were separate things. As though we were separate things.深呼吸,很好。
再深呼吸一次。
感受空气充盈你的肺叶。
让你的四肢回归。
是的,运动你的手指。
再次感受你的身体,在重力下,在空气中。
在长梦中重生。
你感受到了。
你的身体每时每刻都触摸着宇宙,尽管你是分离的存在。
尽管我们是分离的存在。
Who are we? Once we were called the spirit of the mountain. Father sun, mother moon. Ancestral spirits, animal spirits. Jinn. Ghosts. The green man. Then gods, demons. Angels. Poltergeists. Aliens, extraterrestrials. Leptons, quarks. The words change. We do not change.我们是谁
我们曾经被称作高山的精灵。
太阳父亲,月亮母亲**老的英灵,动物的魂魄。
神祗**魂。
小绿人**后是神,恶魔,天使。
骚灵。
外星人,地外生物。
轻粒子,夸克**语不断地变化。
我们始终如一。
We are the universe. We are everything you think isn't you. You are looking at us now, through your skin and your eyes. And why does the universe touch your skin, and throw light on you? To see you, player. To know you. And to be known. I shall tell you a story.我们是宇宙。
我们是一切你认为出离你本体的事物。
你现在看着我们,透过你的皮肤和你的眼睛**为什么宇宙触摸着你的皮肤,向你洒向光芒
是为了看见你,玩家。
以及被认知。
我应告诉你一个故事。
Once upon a time, there was a player.很久以前,有一个玩家。
The player was you, [Playername].那玩家就是你,[玩家名称]Sometimes it thought itself human, on the thin crust of a spinning globe of molten rock. The ball of molten rock circled a ball of blazing gas that was three hundred and thirty thousand times more massive than it. They were so far apart that light took eight minutes to cross the gap. The light was information from a star, and it could burn your skin from a hundred and fifty million kilometres away.有时它认为自己是那不断旋转的球体上一层薄薄的熔化的岩石上的人类。
那融化的岩石球环绕着一个质量大它三十三万倍的炫目气体球旋转。
它们是相隔得如此之远,以至于光需要八分钟才能穿越那空隙。
那光是来自一颗恒星的信息,它能够在一亿五千万公里外烧灼你的皮肤。
Sometimes the player dreamed it was a miner, on the surface of a world that was flat, and infinite. The sun was a square of white. The days were short; there was much to do; and death was a temporary inconvenience.有时这个玩家梦见它是一个在一个平的,无限延展的世界表面上的矿工。
那太阳是一个方形的白点。
昼夜交替很快;要做的事情也很多;死亡亦只是暂时和不方便的。
Sometimes the player dreamed it was lost in a story.有时这玩家梦见它迷失在了一个故事里。
Sometimes the player dreamed it was other things, in other places. Sometimes these dreams were disturbing. Sometimes very beautiful indeed. Sometimes the player woke from one dream into another, then woke from that into a third.有时这玩家梦见它成为了其它的事物,在其它地方。
有时这些梦是扰人的。
有些则实在很美。
有时这个玩家从一个梦中醒来,发现自己落入了第二个梦,却终究是在第三个梦中。
Sometimes the player dreamed it watched words on a screen.有时这个玩家梦见它在屏幕上看着文字。
Let's go back.让我们回退一点。
The atoms of the player were scattered in the grass, in the rivers, in the air, in the ground. A woman gathered the atoms; she drank and ate and inhaled; and the woman assembled the player, in her body.组成玩家的原子散布在草中,河流中,在那空气中,也在那大地中。
一个女人收集了那些原子;她饮用、进食、吸入;而后那女人在她的身体中,孕育了玩家。
And the player awoke, from the warm, dark world of its mother's body, into the long dream.然后那玩家醒来了,从一个温暖,昏暗的母亲体内,进入了漫漫长梦。
And the player was a new story, never told before, written in letters of DNA. And the player was a new program, never run before, generated by a sourcecode a billion years old. And the player was a new human, never alive before, made from nothing but milk and love.而那玩家是一个新的故事,从未被讲述过,由DNA的语言书写着**那玩家是一个新的程序,从未被运行过,由上亿年的源代码生成**那玩家是一个新的人,从未生活过,由奶和爱组成。
You are the player. The story. The program. The human. Made from nothing but milk and love.你就是那玩家。
那个故事。
那个程序。
那个人类。
仅由奶和爱组成。
Let's go further back.我们再往更远的过去回退一点。
The seven billion billion billion atoms of the player's body were created, long before this game, in the heart of a star. So the player, too, is information from a star. And the player moves through a story, which is a forest of information planted by a man called Julian, on a flat, infinite world created by a man called Markus, that exists inside a small, private world created by the player, who inhabits a universe created by...那由七千亿亿亿原子组成的玩家的身体被创造了,远在这游戏之前,在一颗恒星的内部。
所以那玩家也是,来自一颗恒星的信息**这个玩家贯穿这个故事的始末,源于一个叫Julian的人种下的信息种子长成的森林,一个叫Markus的男人创造的无限世界,存在于一个由玩家创造的小的,私人世界里,而那又继承了宇宙创造的……Shush. Sometimes the player created a small, private world that was soft and warm and simple. Sometimes hard, and cold, and complicated. Sometimes it built a model of the universe in its head; flecks of energy, moving through vast empty spaces. Sometimes it called those flecks electrons and protons.嘘。
有时这个玩家创造的小天地是柔软,温暖和简单的。
有时是坚硬,冰冷和复杂的。
有时它在脑中建造出宇宙的模型;斑斑点点的能量穿越广阔空旷的空间。
有时它称呼这些斑点为“电子”和“质子”。
Sometimes it called them planets and stars.有时它称呼它们为“行星”和“恒星”。
Sometimes it believed it was in a universe that was made of energy that was made of offs and ons; zeros and ones; lines of code. Sometimes it believed it was playing a game. Sometimes it believed it was reading words on a screen.有时它确信它存在于一个由“开”和“关”;“0”和“1”;一行行的命令组成的宇宙。
有时它确信它是在玩一个游戏。
有时它确信它是在读着屏幕上的文字。
You are the player, reading words...你就是那玩家,阅读着文字……Shush... Sometimes the player read lines of code on a screen. Decoded them into words; decoded words into meaning; decoded meaning into feelings, emotions, theories, ideas, and the player started to breathe faster and deeper and realised it was alive, it was alive, those thousand deaths had not been real, the player was alive嘘……有时这玩家读屏幕上的命令行。
将它们解码成为文字;将文字解码为意义;将意义解码为感情,情绪,理论,想法,而玩家的呼吸开始急促并意识到了它是活着的,它是活生生的,那上千次的死亡不是真的,玩家是活着的。
You. You. You are alive.你。
你。
你是活着的。
and sometimes the player believed the universe had spoken to it through the sunlight that came through the shuffling leaves of the summer trees而有时这玩家相信宇宙通过穿越夏日树叶的那斑斓的阳光对它说话。
and sometimes the player believed the universe had spoken to it through the light that fell from the crisp night sky of winter, where a fleck of light in the corner of the player's eye might be a star a million times as massive as the sun, boiling its planets to plasma in order to be visible for a moment to the player, walking home at the far side of the universe, suddenly smelling food, almost at the familiar door, about to dream again有时这玩家相信宇宙透过晴朗的冬日夜空中,存在于它眼中一隅的星点星光,可能比太阳大上上百万倍的恒星沸腾着的电浆那一瞬间发出来的光对它说话,在宇宙的远侧行走回家的路上,突然闻到了食物,在那熟悉的门前,它又准备好再一次投入梦境and sometimes the player believed the universe had spoken to it through the zeros and ones, through the electricity of the world, through the scrolling words on a screen at the end of a dream而有时玩家相信宇宙透过零和一,透过世界的电力,透过屏幕上滚动的文字和梦的终结对它说话and the universe said I love you宇宙说我爱你and the universe said you have played the game well宇宙说你很好地玩了这游戏and the universe said everything you need is within you宇宙说一切你所需的你都具有and the universe said you are stronger than you know宇宙说你比你所知的要强大and the universe said you are the daylight宇宙说你就是日光and the universe said you are the night宇宙说你就是黑夜and the universe said the darkness you fight is within you<宇宙说你所斗争的黑暗就在你心中and the universe said the light you seek is within you宇宙说你所寻找的光明就在你心中and the universe said you are not alone宇宙说你不是孤独的and the universe said you are not separate from every other thing宇宙说你不是和所有的事物所隔绝的and the universe said you are the universe tasting itself, talking to itself, reading its own code宇宙说你就是宇宙品尝着自己,对自己说话,阅读着它自己的代码。
and the universe said I love you because you are love.宇宙说我爱你因为你就是爱。
And the game was over and the player woke up from the dream. And the player began a new dream. And the player dreamed again, dreamed better. And the player was the universe. And the player was love.曲终人散。
玩家开始了新的梦境。
玩家再次做起了梦,更好的梦。
玩家就是宇宙。
玩家就是爱。
You are the player.你就是那个玩家。
Wake up.该醒了。
from minecraft wiki
什么是语言意义,语用意义
语境?语境言语环境或使用语言环境简称,指使用语言进行交际环境,叫交际场. 语境字面意义看,语言环境.现已经些非语言素纳入语境范畴,由语境产狭义广义两含义.狭义语境专指语言交际,语言单位音位、语素、词、短语、句与言语作品——语所现或处环境.广义语境指所要考察事件(非语言)所现环境.我称前者语境或,称者语境. 总说,语境既包括语言素,作品文或说前言语等,包括非语言素交际间、点、场合、代、交际象及社、文化背景、自环境、语体环境等.本文言语交际角度谈语境影响作用,所引用广义语境即语境. 二、语境言语交际影响 语境影响着言语交际行.言语表达言语接受两面看,语境言语交际作用主要表现——制约解释两种功能. 言语交际环境由表达者、接受者、(旁听者)交际客观环境组.言语表达面说,语境限定、制约着表达者言语内容使用语言形式,表达者运用适合语境语言,才能达预期交际目.言语接受面说,语境语言形式语言接受者都解释作用,语境能使语言形式与某特定意义联系起,语言形式意义语境明确;接受者语放置特定语境解码,才能较准确握表达者含义.本文主要探讨语境言语交际制约功能解释功能. 三、语境言语表达制约功能 作表达者主要任务使接受者能准确理解交际所使用语言表达式意思,获佳交际效.,表达者必须选择符合语境语言表达式.交际程,表达者能选择符合语境语言表达式表达某种特定含义,使表达更恰、体. 言说,山,唱歌、见,说、句百说说都表达者要适应特定语言环境问题.说,具体语境言语表达制约功能. ()同句,表达同含义 雨句,字面看,反映种客观存自现象.看外边滴着雨,说声:雨,能自言自语或者告诉种客观事实;外边晾着衣服,句提醒自或者收衣服;孩要,句则提醒孩带雨具. (二)同,表达同意思 倾相恋,男撒娇说我恨死我死表达同意思;真真坏同表达男喜赞美. (三)残缺,表达完整意思 言语交际,根据言语经济原则,根据者所共知背景情况省略些.,言语交际,些句残缺,并妨碍表达者圆满表达自思想,接受者能获完整信息,原于语境提供潜信息. :兰州公共汽车,乘客买车票说两兰,显两兰种残缺省略语言形式,售票员都能理解说所要表达意思:我要买两张兰州汽车票. (四)说意思,表达另意思 交际,候,说表面陈述意思,实际要表达另意思.要结合交际场合背景知识,理解表达者真要表达意思. :《红楼梦》第三十四段情节描写:,贾宝玉林黛玉发口角,贾宝玉千万向林黛玉道歉.两,凤姐拉贾母看戏,碰见薛宝钗.贾宝玉说意奚落薛宝钗,黛玉非意,并问:宝姐姐,听两戏?宝钗笑道:我看李逵骂宋江,赔.宝玉便笑道:姐姐博古通今,都知道,连戏名字知道,说串,叫《负荆请罪》.宝钗笑道:原叫《负荆请罪》.博古通今,才知道‘负荆请罪’,我知道‘负荆请罪’.句没说完,宝玉黛玉二病,听,早脸羞红. 四、语境言语理解解释功能 言语交际,仅需要表达者握表达要义,适合语境,且需要接受者语放置特定语境解码,联系表达者特定语境,才能达较交际效. 语境言语理解解释功能主要表现能排除任何语言歧义现象.语境理论告诉我:任何句都能突现或孤立存,总定间、场合、目、式等其条件.所说,要歧义语进入具体语境,歧义自排除,言语理解更容易. 歧义现象产原致:字词义、句结构歧义、语境歧义. ()义字词定语境意义单 义词、义字汉语普遍存,字、词种含义,要放定语句能辨其意义,特定语境才能明确其具体意思词语. 比,背着包袱离家.包袱歧义仅靠其所句消除.句理解背着包东西离家;说带着思想负担离家,词语包袱歧义并没消除,借助特定语境才能确定其真含义. (二)句结构歧义语境消失 例快乐始.快乐两种词性,理解名词,理解形容词.快乐充名词,句解释快乐始;快乐充形容词,句意义始种快乐始. 见,句原本充满歧义,放定语境原歧义存. (三)语境歧义靠语境消除 语境指通语境并歧义句某种特殊语境作用产歧义.种歧义产于表达者或接受者使用语言所依赖某种特殊语境. 则阿凡提故事,说阿凡提理发师牧师理发,却给钱,于阿凡提想惩罚.,牧师理发,阿凡提给剃光,刮脸问:牧师,否要眉毛?用问,眉毛岂能要?牧师说.,要我给!说着,嗖嗖几刀,牧师眉毛刮递手.牧师气说,谁叫自说要呢.牧师,胡要?阿凡提问.要,要!牧师连忙说.,要要.嗖嗖几刀牧师胡刮.种语境所制造歧义,达意想交际效. 综所述,言语交际,语境制约表达者语组织语义表达,同制约着接受者语表达.所,表达者必须根据语境建构语调节语;接受者必须根据语境理解语,根据语境变化完善语信息准确握.才能达预期交际效
世界上最复杂和最简单的语言各是什么?
怪兽的表示形式有三种,表侧攻击表示,表侧防守表示,里侧防守表示,表侧就是卡图一面朝上,里侧就是卡图一面朝下,攻击表示就是卡竖着放,防守表示就是卡横着放