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形容苗族文化句子

时间:2014-04-02 13:12

苗族文化比较经典的故事

这个我来告诉你,至今仍口口相传,无论云贵川,江西,湖南等地的苗族,抑或越南,缅甸,老挝的苗族。

不管有没接受过文化教育,老人,年轻人,有那么几个故事是共知的:洪水潮天(女娲兄妹恋传说)人虎情未了(一段人,妖情感传说!主角诺丫,彩奏,虎)战神传说(取材于蚩尤战炎皇,直接影响苗族人风俗习惯)至于蛙精取亲,孤儿泪等,知道的人少些。

望采纳

介绍苗族文化

苗族先民于秦汉时聚居在“五溪”地区,即今湘西、黔东等地。

在中国古代典籍中,早就有关于五千多年前苗族先民的记载,这就是从黄河流域直到长江中游以南被称为南蛮的氏族和部落。

苗族历史久远,其先民可能是古代三南的一部分。

一说渊源于殷周时代的“鬃”人。

秦汉时主要居住在湘西、黔东一带,包括在“长沙、武陵变’或“五溪蛮”的名称之中,以后逐渐迁徙,散布在西南各地山区。

还有认为是和远古的“九黎”有关。

四川、贵州、湖南的苗族至今把蚩尤当做自己的祖先。

传说蚩尤是“九黎”之君,在5000年前,九黎部落与黄帝部落冲突,败而退出黄河下游,占据长江中、下游。

逐渐形成“三苗”。

公元前2世纪后,苗族先民大部分已迁至湘、鄂、川、黔等地。

海南的苗族是十六世纪从广西去的士兵。

  苗族主要聚居于贵州省东南部、广西大苗山、海南岛及贵州、湖南、湖北、四川、云南、广西等省区的交界地带,人口:970,000人。

苗族的历史悠久,在中国古代典籍中,早就有关于五千多年前苗族先民的记载,这就是从黄河流域直到长江中游以南被称为南蛮的氏族和部落。

苗族没有文字,苗语属汉藏语系苗瑶语族苗语支。

苗族居住在高山地带,以农业为主,农作物有旱稻。

包谷,荞子,薯类和豆类,经济作物是麻,一般是自己种麻,自己纺织.苗族人民有丰富的民间口头文学,如古歌,诗歌、情歌等等。

苗族也善舞蹈,芦笙舞最为流行。

  云南苗族人口90.7万,占中国苗族人口的12.2%。

主要聚居在文山壮族苗族自治州、红河哈尼族彝族自治州、昭通地区以及武定、禄劝等县。

苗族有本民族的语言文字。

  苗族有自己的语言,苗语分三大方言:湘西、黔东和川黔滇。

1956年后,设计了拉丁字母形式的文字方案。

由于苗族与汉族长期交往,有很大一部分苗族兼通汉语并  用汉文。

  苗族地区以农业为主,以狩猎为辅。

苗族的挑花、刺绣、织锦、蜡染、剪纸、首饰制作等工艺美术瑰丽多彩,驰名中外。

其中,苗族的蜡染工艺已有千年历史。

苗族服饰多达一百三十多种,可以同世界上任何一个民族的服饰相媲美。

苗族是个能歌善舞的民族,尤以情歌、酒歌享有盛名。

芦笙是苗族最有代表性的乐器。

  苗族以能歌善舞著称,苗族民歌尤其丰富,每年农历正月初二或5月5日花山节(即踩花山),青年男女欢聚一起踩鼓,跳芦笙舞,对歌抒情,寻求配偶,同时举行爬花杆、斗占比赛。

苗族擅长渍麻织布、剌绣、蜡染,工艺精湛,深得国内外赞誉。

青年男女喜穿“五色斑衣”,集蜡染、剌绣于一身,绚丽多姿。

苗族主要从事家业。

过去,狩猎是一项主要的副业,常用弓弩、火枪围猎猎物,实行“隔山打鸟,见者有份”的分配方式。

一些苗族同胞信仰民间多神教和基督教。

  【礼仪】  苗族十分注重礼仪。

客人来访,必杀鸡宰鸭盛情款待,若是远道来的贵客,苗族人习惯先请客人饮牛角酒。

吃鸡时,鸡头要敬给客人中的长者,鸡腿要赐给年纪最小的客人。

有的地方还有分鸡心的习俗,即由家里年纪最大的主人用筷子把鸡心或鸭心拈给客人,但客人不能自己吃掉,必须把鸡心平分给在座的老人。

如客人酒量小,不喜欢吃肥肉,可以说明情况,主人不勉强,但不吃饱喝足,则被视为看不起主人。

  苗族讲究真情实意,非常热情,最忌浮华与虚伪。

主人路遇客人不抢走第一步,不走在前面;交谈中用敬语称呼;迎客要穿节日服装;对贵客要到寨外摆酒迎候;客人到家门,男主人要叫门,告知在家的女主人,女主人要唱歌开门迎客;在客人面前,女主人不登高上楼;宴会上以鸡、鸭待客为佳肴,尤以心、肝最贵重,要先给给客人或长者,客人则分给众人享用,次序是先长后幼。

客人不要称主人“苗子”,他们喜自称“蒙”。

  【服饰】  喜戴银饰是苗族姑娘的天性,她们挽发髻于头顶,戴上高约20公分左右,制作精美的银花冠,花冠前方插有6根高低不齐的银翘翅,上面大都打制着二龙戏珠图案。

有的地区,银冠上除插银片外,还插高约1公尺的银牛角,角尖系彩飘,更显的高贵富丽。

银冠下沿,圈挂银花带,下垂一排小银花坠,脖子上戴的银项圈有好几层,多  以银片打制花和小银环连套而成。

前胸戴银锁和银压领,胸前、背后戴的是银披风,下垂许多小银铃。

耳环、手镯都是银制品。

只有两只衣袖才呈现出以火红色为主基调的刺绣,但袖口还镶嵌着一圈较宽的银饰。

苗家姑娘盛装的服饰常常有数公斤重,有的是几代人积累继承下来的。

素有“花衣银装赛天仙”的美称。

苗家银饰的工艺,华丽考究、巧夺天工,充分显示了苗族人民的智慧和才能。

苗族的服饰各地不完全相同,男子多用布包头,身穿短衣裤,但苗族妇女的穿戴普遍比较讲究,尤其是盛装,极为精美,花饰很多,有的裙子有四十多层,故名“百褶裙”。

衣裙上面绣制的各种图案,古色古香,异彩纷呈。

妇女擅长纺织、刺绣、蜡染,工艺十分精湛。

  【习俗】  在苗族人家做客,切记不能去夹鸡头吃。

客人一般也不能夹鸡肝、鸡杂和鸡腿,鸡胆、鸡杂要敬老年妇女,鸡腿则是留给小孩的。

当你离开苗族主人家时,一定要有礼貌地说声“哇周”,意为“谢谢”,感谢苗家对你的盛情款待。

  有些苗族地区,忌随时洗刷饮甑、饭包、饭盆,只能在吃新米时洗,以示去旧米迎新米。

随时洗刷会洗去家财,饭不够吃。

在山上饮生水忌直接饮用,须先打草标,以示杀死病鬼。

忌动他人放于路边的衣物,以免传染麻疯病。

忌孩子在家中乱耍小弓箭,恐射中祖先。

忌跨小孩头顶,否则孩子长不高。

禁忌妇女与长辈同坐一条长凳。

  【婚俗】  苗族是一夫一妻制,男女青年婚前有传统的社交活动。

如“会姑娘”就是苗族青年自由恋爱的方式。

苗族的传统节日是一年一度的花山节(农历正月初五举行,又名踩花山),这是苗族人民最盛的节日,节日期间,身着节日盛装的男女青年欢聚对歌,表演踩鼓,跳狮子和芦笙舞,热闹非凡。

  在青年男女婚恋过程中也必不可少的食品是糯米饭。

湖南城步的苗族把画有鸳鸯的糯米粑作为信物互相馈赠;举行婚礼时,新娘新郎要喝交杯酒,主婚人还要请新郎、新娘吃画有龙凤和奉娃娃图案的糯米粑。

  【食俗】  大部分地区的苗族一日三餐,均以大米为主食。

油炸食品以油炸粑粑最为常见。

如再加一些鲜肉和酸菜做馅,味道更为鲜美。

  肉食多来自家畜、家禽饲养,四川、云南等地的苗族喜吃狗肉,有“苗族的狗,彝族的酒”之说。

苗家的食用油除动物油外,多是茶油和菜油。

  以辣椒为主要调味品,有的地区甚至有“无辣不成菜”之说。

苗族的菜肴种类繁多,常见的蔬菜有豆类、瓜类和青菜、萝卜,大部分苗族都善作豆制品。

  各地苗族普遍喜食酸味菜肴,酸汤家家必备。

酸汤是用米汤或豆腐水,放入瓦罐中3-5天发酵后,即可用来煮肉,煮鱼,煮菜。

  苗族的食物保存,普遍采用腌制法,蔬菜、鸡、鸭、鱼、肉都喜欢腌成酸味的。

苗族几乎家家都有腌制食品的坛子,统称酸坛。

  苗族酿酒历史悠久,从制曲、发酵、蒸馏、勾兑、窖藏都有一套完整的工艺。

日常饮料以油茶最为普遍。

湘西苗族还特制有一种万花茶。

酸汤也是常见的饮料。

  典型食品主要有:血灌汤、辣椒骨、苗乡龟凤汤、绵菜粑、虫茶、万花茶、捣鱼、酸汤鱼等。

  【节庆】  苗族过去信仰万物有灵,崇拜自然,祀奉祖先。

节日较多,除传统年节、祭祀节日外,还有专门与吃有关的节日。

如:吃鸭节、吃新节、杀鱼节、采茶节等。

过节除备酒肉外,还要必备节令食品。

  苗年 苗年一般先在正月第一个卯日,历时三、五天或十五天。

年前,各家各户都要备丰盛的年食,除杀猪、宰羊(牛)外,还要备足糯米酒。

年饭丰盛,讲究“七色皆备”、“五味俱全”,并用最好的糯米打“年粑”。

互相宴请馈赠。

  杀鱼节 多在江边,由妇女带上饭、腊肉、香肠等酒菜,只要捉到鱼,即燃起篝火,架锅煮鱼直到尽兴方归。

  “祭鼓节” 苗族民间最大的祭祀活动。

一般是七年一小祭,十三年一大祭。

于农历十月至十一月的乙亥日进行,届时要杀一头牯子牛,跳芦笙舞,祭视先人。

食时邀亲朋共聚一堂,以求增进感情,家庭和睦。

  踩花山 是境内苗族人民的盛大传统节日,一般在每年农历正月初一、初三、初六这几天举办。

凡有苗族居住的各县,这几天都要立花杆,举行隆重的踩花山活动。

  这既是苗族男女青年谈情说爱的好时机,也是苗族人民开展文体娱乐活动的重要场所。

苗家男女老少,穿金戴银,从四面八方赶到花杆脚下,吹芦生、弹响蔑、跳脚架、耍大刀、斗牛、摔跤、斗画眉、爬花杆。

  打背节 流行于境内富宁县的部分地区,于每年农历正月初三到十五这几天举行,是苗族男女青年的节日。

节日中,男女青年欢聚在风景优美的山坡上,当打背开始时,男的蜂拥而出,冲到自己选中的姑娘面前,一手挽住姑娘的脖子,一手蒙住姑娘的眼睛,其他小伙子去打她的背。

姑娘也不甘示弱,一边大笑,一边挣扎。

挣脱时,捉住小伙子,以其人之道,还治其人之身。

整个场地,男追女逐,欢蹦乱跳。

打累了,男女双双即各找一个地方打土电话(即用两个竹筒,中间连一长线,各在一方对着竹筒讲话、唱歌都能听见),相互倾吐蜜语衷情,以企结成伴侣。

情投意合后,再告诉父母,择吉日成亲。

  【建筑】  由于长期分散居住,形成了不同地区各自的特点,房屋多系木结构,以瓦、杉皮或茅草等盖顶,黔中或黔西地区有用薄石板盖顶。

山区多为吊脚楼;海南岛和云南昭通等地则住长形茅草房或以树干交叉搭成的“杈杈房”;湘西一带则为石屋。

求关于苗族文化的介绍,要英文版的 。

谢谢

Miao People in the Qin and Han Dynasty live in the Cliff area, term of the present western Hunan, eastern Guizhou and other places. Classics in ancient China, there are about 5000 years ago have long records of Miao People, that is, until the Yangtze River from the south of the Yellow River known as the southern barbarian of the clan and tribe. Miao has a long history, its ancient ancestors may be part of the three South. One that originated from the Yin and Zhou era of mane man. Qin, living mainly in Western Hunan, eastern Guizhou area, including Changsha, the Wuling change 'or Wu Xi Man into the name, and then gradually move to spread around the mountains in the Southwest. Also considered and the ancient textual criticism The. Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan Miao have to Chi as their ancestors. legend Chi is a textual criticism of the monarch, in 5000 years ago, Jiuli tribes and tribal conflict in the Yellow Emperor, defeated and out of the Yellow River, Yangtze River in the occupied downstream. gradually, San Miao. After the 2nd century BC, most of the Miao ancestors moved to Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. Hainan Miao is the sixteenth century to the soldiers from Guangxi. Mainly inhabited by the Miao in southeast Guizhou Province, Guangxi Miao Shan, Hainan and Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and other provinces in the border area, population: 970,000 people. Miao has a long history in Chinese ancient books, the early settlers about 5000 years ago, the record of the Miao, that is until the Yangtze River from the south of the Yellow River known as the southern barbarian of the clan and tribe. Miao, no words, Hmong is Sino-Tibetan language family Hmong Miao-Yao branch. Hmong living in the alpine zone, dominated by agriculture, crops are upland rice. Corn, buckwheat son, potatoes and beans, crops are hemp, hemp is usually their own species, their textiles. Miao people have a wealth of folk oral literature, such as the old song, poetry, love songs and so on. Miao has good dance, Lusheng dance the most popular. Yunnan Miao population 907,000, accounting for 12.2% of China's Miao population. Mainly live in the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, and Zhaotong Wuding, Luquan counties. Miao a native language. Hmong have their own language, Hmong has three major dialects: Western, Eastern Guizhou and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. In 1956, the design of the Latin form of writing programs. As a long-term exchanges with the Han Miao, a large part of the Incorporation of Chinese and Miao Using Chinese. Miao region dominated by agriculture, supplemented by hunting. Miao's cross-stitch, embroidery, tapestry, batik, paper cutting, jewelry making and other arts and crafts and colorful, world famous. Among them, the Miao batik process has been thousands of years. Costumes up to more than 130 kinds, can any one nation in the world comparable to the clothing. Miao is an ethnic singing and dancing, especially love songs, songs wine reputation. Miao Hmong are the most representative musical instrument. To sing and dance known Miao Miao folk songs, particularly rich in two days of the first lunar month every year, or May 5 Huashan Festival (the foot of Huashan), young men and women all together step drum, dance Lusheng dance, antiphonal singing lyric, for spouses, same time shot at climbing flowers, accounting for competition fighting. Ma Miao good stain weaving, embroidery, batik, exquisite workmanship, won praise at home and abroad. Hi young men and women wear the Five stain clothing, set batik, embroidery in one, bright and colorful. Miao is mainly engaged in family business. In the past, hunting was a major sideline, used crossbows, firearms hunting prey, the implementation of Geranium Strictipes shooting, see a portion of the distribution. Some of the Miao and Christian polytheistic folk religion. 】 【Etiquette Miao great emphasis on etiquette. Visitor hospitality will slaughter ducks, if all the way to the guests, the Miao people used to invite guests to drink alcohol horn. Eat chicken, the chicken head to the guests to respect the elderly, chicken legs to give youngest guests. There are points in some places the custom heart-shaped, that is the oldest home owner or the duck with chopsticks to heart-shaped heart twist to the guests, but guests are neither eat chicken heart must be divided equally to the present age. * Hold if the guests do not like fat meat, can explain the situation, the owner is not forced, but does not satiate, were looked down upon as the master. Miao pay attention to the real thing, very passionate, very sensitive to vanity and hypocrisy. Guest host Lu-yu does not take away the first step, do not walk in front; conversation using honorific title; welcoming to wear costumes; to await the arrival of guests to give a feast to Zhaiwai; guests to the door, man of the house to Jiao Men, this home The hostess, the hostess opened the door to sing welcoming; in front of guests, the hostess did not climb stairs; dinner with chicken, duck hospitality for the food, especially heart, liver and the most valuable, first to give the guests or elderly Guests were given to everyone to enjoy, long after the order is the first child. Not to host guests said, seedling they would like to call themselves Mongolia. 【Apparel】 Fond of wearing jewelry is the nature of Hmong girl, they pull the hair on the head, put on about 20 centimeters high, beautifully crafted silver Corolla, Corolla 6 inserted in front of the level of missing Yinqiao wing, most are made in the above Erlongxizhu pattern. Some areas, silver crown on the addition of silver chip inserted, has inserted about 1 meter high silver horn, horn tip line color drift, even more noble Wealthy. Along the Silver Crown, Silver Flower Ring with hanging, hanging a row of small Yinhua fall, wearing a silver collar around his neck have a lot more With silver pieces are made in sets of flowers and even made a small silver rings. Silver locks and silver chest pressure collar, chest, back wearing a silver cape, hanging many small silver bell. Earrings, bracelets are silver products. Only two sleeves to fire red only shows the main tone of the embroidery, but the cuff is also studded with a wide silver ring. Miao girls dressed in costumes often several kilograms of weight, some accumulation of several generations inherited. Known as hanai Silver Race angel reputation. Miao silver in the process, gorgeous elegant, wonderful workmanship, it shows the wisdom and talents of Hmong people. Miao costumes are not exactly the same all over, men cloth, Baotou, wearing short pants, but the Hmong women's wear in general more stress, especially the dress, very beautiful, the flower of things, there are 40 multi-layer skirt, hence the name pleated skirt. Above the embroidered dresses of various patterns, antique, colorful. Women good at textiles, embroidery, batik, craft is exquisite. Custom】 【 Miao people in the guest, remember not to eat folder beheaded. Guests can not common folder liver, Dirty, and chicken legs, chicken guts, Dirty to respect of women, chicken is left to children. Miao host family when you leave, be sure to politely say wow Week, which means thank you, thanks for your hospitality Miao. Some Miao areas, avoid drinking any time scrubbing steamer, rice bags, Fan Pen, only eat when new rice washing, to show to welcome the old meters meters. Scrubbing will wash away the family wealth at any time, not enough food to eat. Avoid drinking unboiled water in the mountains to drink, must first beat straw to kill disease show a ghost. Others put on anti-handling street clothes, in order to avoid transmission of leprosy. Avoid chaos at home did little tricks kids bow and arrow, shot in the fear of the ancestors. Avoid cross-head child, or children Zhangbu Gao. Taboo women sit on a bench with their elders. Wedding】 【 Miao is monogamy, marriage of young men and women have traditional social activities. Such as will be girls is the way of free love Hmong youth. Miao's traditional festival is the annual Huashan Festival (fifth day of the first lunar month was held, also known as step Huashan), which is height of the holiday Hmong people during the holiday season, dressed in their holiday best young men and women congregated in antiphonal singing, performing step drums, dancing lions and Lusheng dance, great excitement. Love in the young men and women are essential to the process of food is sticky rice. Chengbu Hmong to draw a duck in the glutinous rice cake as a keepsake and exchange gifts; wedding, the bride and groom drink wedlock, master of getting the bride and groom eat doll painted dragon and phoenix patterns and instructions from glutinous rice cake. 】 .

苗族文化的内涵

巫文化、史诗和古歌文化架构起苗族文化的内核,苗族所有民族文化的源头基本都由这三点派生出来了

苗族文化最早可以追溯到炎黄时代,苗族文化的典型代表有哪些

苗族历史悠久,是我国人口较多的少数民族之一,主要分布在贵州、湖南、云南、四川、广西、湖北、海南等省区。

贵州的苗族共360多万人,占全国苗族人口的一半以上,以黔东南苗族侗族自治州、黔南布依族苗族自治州、黔西南布依族苗族自治州最为集中。

人们通常把世界民族分为两大经济文化类型,一类是农耕民族的田园文化,另一类是游牧民族的“马背上文化”。

然而却常常忽视第三种文化类型的存在,那就是介于两者之间“既耕且游”的民族。

苗族由于政治、经济等种种原因,历来有不断迁徙的习俗,以迁徙求生存,求发展。

但苗族又与游牧民族不同,他们以农耕为业,迁到一个地方,总要在那里驻足一段时间,男耕女织,养精蓄锐,然后再告别旧的家园,又迁到另一个地方,去建设一个新的家园。

他们从黄河流域迁到长江流域,遍布湘、鄂、川、黔、滇、桂各省区,还渡海到达海南,甚至越过国境进入东南亚。

几百万人在大地上流动,这确实是一大壮举。

?  尽管他们越走越远,越走越分散,但文化传统并不曾丢失。

在漫长的历史长河中,它由母文化演绎成多种子文化,形成了一个庞大而复杂的文化系统。

拿服饰来说,如果其他民族以某种服饰作标识的话,那么,苗族是以多种服饰来做文化符号的。

《中国苗族服饰图志》就列有173种。

每逢节日,裙角飘动,银饰丁当,蔚为壮观。

这些不同的“亚族群”符号,产生于特定的文化生态环境,有与之相对应的不同的方言土语,有不尽相同的文化习俗、宗教信仰及群体组合。

可能是由于长期迁徙、融合的原因,苗族的语言特别复杂,分为三大方言、七个次方言、十八种土语,但都同属于苗瑶语族苗语支。

在贵州的民族节日中,苗族节日约占总数的60%以上,这是地域分散、习俗不一的结果。

“跳花”一类节日集会最为普遍,内容大同小异,都是青年男女的社交活动,但时间、形式、称呼就不同,有的叫“跳场”、“跳月”、“跳洞”、“跳年”;有的叫“玩花坡”、“坐花场”、“跳花场”;有的叫“芦笙节”、“爬山节”、“赶秋坡”;有的则叫“姊妹节”、“闹冲”等等。

苗族过苗年,贵阳、黄平、松桃等地过“四月八”,清水江流域则过龙舟节,黔东南苗族在鼓社节祭祖,此外还有迎雷节、斗牛节、祭树节、杀鱼节、招龙节等等。

  苗族歌舞丰富多彩。

歌有古歌、游方歌、飞歌、酒歌、丧歌、祭祀歌诸种,以古歌、飞歌最具特色。

苗族乐器芦笙、唢呐、木鼓、筒、姊妹箫、木叶等别有韵味。

舞蹈最有代表性的是芦笙舞,包括芦笙排舞,芦笙圆舞、芦笙四方舞、芦笙导舞、芦笙群舞、芦笙莽筒舞、芦笙鼓舞等。

这些舞种历史悠久,传承性强,普及面大,参加的人多,保留了许多原始、古朴的特征,如注重节奏感,强调步伐整齐,群体性极强。

成百上千的人在一起跳,动作却惊人的一致,表现出一种排山倒海的气势。

苗族竞技性的舞蹈,有芦笙双人舞、连环套吹芦笙舞、滚山珠等。

苗族文化有巨大的历史穿透力。

苗族古歌,以诗的语言世代传承,把几千年的历史串联起来,从原始走到现代。

六枝梭戛的苗族,至今保持着近乎原始的社会结构、生态环境、古老工艺和文化习俗,引起国内外的关注,在那里建立了亚洲第一个文化生态博物馆。

  雷山西江的“千家苗寨”,苗家吊脚楼层层叠叠,气势恢弘,还有古老的“鼓社”组织,神秘之门还没有真正打开。

如何看待苗族文化中的蛊文化

苗族有苗年,苗族很少存在相亲,因为苗族人男女会在晚上进行坐妹,过年男孩吹芦笙,女孩跳芦笙舞

苗族人喝油茶

苗歌对唱

喝酒喊“呦呀咿唔

”还有很多

反正从小到大就主要身边是这些

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