英语16种被动时态总结
1 一般过去was\\\/were done 2.一般现在is\\\/are done3.一般将来 will be done4.一般过去将来would be done5.过去进行was\\\/were being done6.现在进行is\\\/are being done 7.将来进行will be being done8.过去将来进行would be being done9过去完成had been done10现在完成have\\\/has been done11将来完成will have been done 12过去将来完成would have been done13过去完成进行had been being done 14现在完成进行have\\\/has been being done 15将来完成进行will have been being done 16过去将来完成进行would have been being done 本想做成表格记起来更方便,但出来以后行列对不齐,看起来困难,所以成这样了,谅解
你可以自己根据以上列一个,横行是态(一般,进行,完成,完成进行)纵行是时(过去,现在,将来,过去将来)如下:(对不齐的参照上面)时态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行过去 was done was being done had been done had been being done现在 is done is being done has been done has been being done 将来 will be will be being will have been will have been being done done done done过去 would be would be being would have been would have been being将来 done done done done 注:其中was可用were换,has可用have换自己制的表格不齐全的请谅解
过去进行时讲解( 包括句型结构,用法,动词变化)
结构 1. 过去进行时由“主语+was\\\/were + 现在分词”构成 例如: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2. 过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was\\\/were not +现在分词”构成 例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车? 3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was\\\/were + 主语+ 现在分词”构成 例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?编辑本段主要用法基本用法 1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
过去进行时如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。
3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如:They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。
(指过去长期如此) He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。
(指当时一时的表现) 补充:when 的后面加一般过去时,而且动词是不延续性动词。
while 的后面加过去进行时,动词是延续性动词。
特殊用法 1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时 We listened carefully while the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。
用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
如:He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事发生的背景。
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。
4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
Five minutes later, he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette. 5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。
I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了。
她患了很严重的心脏病。
7、与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。
The girl was always changing her mind. 这女孩老是改变主意。
编辑本段常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now,a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they left the station;吗 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.编辑本段典型例题 (1) Mary _C_ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。
同 时,when表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
(2) As she _b_ the newspaper, Granny _b_ asleep. A.read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案B. 句中的as = when, while,意为当……之时。
描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。
句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
过去进行时的基本用法:表示过去某个时刻或时间正在进行过持续进行的动作,句中往往需要有时间状语来表示这一特定的时间. What were they doing just now? 他们刚才在干什么?编辑本段具体概念 一、 概念和用法:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。
其形式为was \\\/were + V-ing。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
例如: We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么
二、 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。
时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
如: What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么
(介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。
(when从句表示时间点) 三、 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
例如: While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。
(两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。
(两个动作同时进行) 四、 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree, is,am,are, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。
例如: 误:I was knowing the answer. 正:I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
误:I wasn‘t understanding him. 正:I didn‘t understand him. 我不明白他的意思。
编辑本段句型 肯定句=主语(I\\\/you\\\/he\\\/she\\\/It\\\/they\\\/we)+was\\\/were+doing+其它 否定句=主语(I\\\/you\\\/he\\\/she\\\/It\\\/they\\\/we)+was\\\/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语=Was\\\/Were+主语(You\\\/he\\\/she\\\/they\\\/we)+doing+其它 答语:Yes,I was.\\\/No,I wasn't. 特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was\\\/were+主语(I\\\/you\\\/he\\\/she\\\/they\\\/we)+doing+其它编辑本段时态比较过去进行时与一般过去时 都强调过去发生的事 进行时强调过程,不一定完成 过去时强调事件,一定完成 p.s.:表示一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作发生了 如:He played when I was studying. 过去进行时与一般过去时,两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作。
例如: I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信.(可能没打完) I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信.(已经打完) 1、一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
(延续性动词) She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。
(信写完了) She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。
(信不一定写完) 2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
(短暂性动词) She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
3、句中有a moment ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。
4、句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。
过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时,表示更为偶然而非预定的动作: I was talking to Tom the other day. 那天我跟汤姆聊天来着。
这里的过去进行时给人的印象是这一动作既不特殊,也不引人注目。
它同时还倾向于解除主语对于这一动作所负的责任。
句中谁先开口说话既不清楚,也无关紧要。
要注意它与一般过去时的差异: 注意:进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作。
如果把动作分割开,或者说出其发生的次数,就必须用一般过去时:I talked to Tom several times. 我跟汤姆谈过几次话。
Tom washed both cars. 汤姆把两辆汽车都洗了。
当然,看来是并行的两个动作可以都用进行时态来表示: Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog.一点到两点之间我在购物、遛狗。
这样用的进行时态通常和某些时间状语如 today,last night,in the afternoon连用。
这些时间状语可以看做是表示某一时刻,也可以看做是表示某一段时间。
如上面例句所示,某一段时间也可以用确切的时间来表示。
如想问起一段时间怎样度过时,用过去进行时态要用比一般过去时显得有礼貌: What were you doing before you came here
(你来这里之前做什么工作
)要比 What did you do be- fore you came here
听起来有礼貌。
另一方面, What were you doing in my room
(你在我的房间里干什么来着
)可能表示这样一种情感:我认为你没有权利在我的屋子里。
但 What did you do in my room
却毫无这种含义。
不用于进行时的动词 感官动词:hear,see,notice,feel,taste…… 表示态度感情的动词:like,love,hate…… 表心理状态:feel,want,prefer…… 表占有:own,have,…… 表存在状态和持续:look,owe,be…… when 和while的用法区别 两者的区别如下: ①when是at or during the time that,既指时间点,也可指一段时间; while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如: a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为: While we were talking, the teacher came in. b They were singing while we were dancing.
初二下英语词组和语法
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开
十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。
例如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。
例如: When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。
例如: I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
例如: I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗
11.9 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
其构成:have(has) +过去分词。
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till\\\/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了) Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了) Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争) He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 11.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1)It is the first \\\/ second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。
例如: It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。
例如: This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题 (1) ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。
即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month. (对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 11.12 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
例如: I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。
) I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。
) 注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for\\\/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 11.13 since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
例如: I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。
例如: I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句。
例如: Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。
例如: It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
例如: He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。
(表结果) I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。
(表经历) 2) 用于till \\\/ until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句,表示做……直到…… 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示到……,才……。
例如: He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题 1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。
再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ---Oh, not at all. I ___here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
11.15 过去完成时 1) 概念:表示过去的过去 ----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在 2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
例如: She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
例如: When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本…,未能…。
例如: We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如: He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前,因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。
句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在同学们正忙于……这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。
因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。
例如: I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。
例如: He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时 1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
例如: When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
例如: When I heard the news, I was very excited. 3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
例如: Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 11.17 将来完成时 1) 构成will have done 2) 概念 a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
例如: They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。
例如: You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了。
11.18 现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法: a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例如: We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如: Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。
(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。
) c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如: The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
例如: You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it. A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found. 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
11.19 不用进行时的动词 1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。
例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。
例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。
例如: I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。
例如: You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
11.20 过去进行时 1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。
例如: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
典型例题 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。
同时,when表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为当……之时。
描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。
句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick.
英语中共有几个时态,分别是什么?
动词的时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去进行时 将来进行时
过去进行式与一般过去时的时间有何不同
过去进行时一般是用在从句中的.像是When.While引导的时间状语从句。
When引导的从句,主句从句一个是一般过去时,一个是过去进行时,也可以都是过去进行时;但While引导的从句主从句都必须是过去进行时。
一般过去是的时间状语就很多了,像Last…(night.Friday),yesterday,the day before yesterday,at the age of …(10,9)就不列举了
英语中的联系动词到底是不是只有Be
关于系动词 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。
(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。
) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。
fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
)2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达证实,变成之意,例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
(turn out表终止性结果) 关于表语 表语就是放在连系动词之后(连系动词+表语构成谓语),用来说明主语的身份,特征,属性或状态等.一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等等来充当。
例如(在例句中,表语用大写体表示):1.Work is STRUGGLE. (名词) 工作就是斗争.2.Mr.Zhang became a TAXI DRIVER. (名词) 张先生成为出租车司机了.3.Our future is BRIGHT. (形容词) 我们的前途是光明的.4.He is OUT. (副词) 他出去了.5.These books are YOURS. (代词) 这些书都是你的.6.Two times four is EIGHT. (数词) 2乘以4是等于8.7.The result of the test is DISAPPOINTING. (分词) 测验的成积令人失望.8.Her work was WASHING and COOKING. (动名词) 她的工作是洗衣服和做饭.9.Your task is TO LOOK AFTER these children. (不定式) 你的任务是照顾这些孩子们.10.Her mother is IN GOOD HEALTH. (介词短语) 她的妈妈很健康.11.What surprised us most was THAT YOU SPOKE ENGLISH SO WELL. (从句) 最令我们大为吃惊是你英语说得这么好. 关于状语英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。
状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。
副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
1.副词一般在句子中做状语.He speaks English very well. He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。
I come specially to see you.3.介词短语My parents often tell us about their bitter lifein the past.Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.The boy was praised for his bravery. 4.从句作状语When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.5.分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。
Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.其它成分1.主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物(动作的执行者),一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
China is a great country.中国是个伟大的国家。
2.谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类: 1)简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。
2)复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 I can speak a little Eng”lish. 我可以说一点英语。
3.宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
We like English. 我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
如: We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
4.定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。
形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student. 他是个新生。
Do you know my boy-friend? 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的。
关于时态1、一般过去时一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作),也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。
一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。
一般过去时的基本用法 1 )带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once up on a time(过去曾经)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)Did you have a party the other day
前几天,你们开了晚会了吗
Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。
注意在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
2 )表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。
3 )表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always,never等连用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。
)比较Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。
(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)4) 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to doHe used to drink.他过去喝酒。
(意味着他现在不喝酒了。
喝酒这个动作终止了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。
(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。
(只是说明过去这一动作)比较I took a walk in the morning .我曾经在早晨散过步。
(史是说明过去这一动作)5 )有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意
I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。
这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。
实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。
(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。
但是现在我知道你没病)辨别正误Li Ming studied English this morning.(把此句变为一般疑问句)(×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning
(动词应该用原形)(×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning
(时态应该用原句子的时态)(×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning
(应该用一般动词,而不是be动词)(О) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning
2、一般现在时一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。
再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
3、过去进行时 1) 概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 典型例题1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。
同 时,when表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为当……之时。
描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。
句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
过去进行时与完成进行时有什么不同
1 概念:表示过去某时正在的状态或。
2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 典型例题 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。
同 时,when表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为当……之时。
描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。
句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
when和while的区别:一。
引导时间状语从句时,WHILE连接的是时间段,而WHEN连接的多是时间点 例如What does your father do while your mother is cooking? What does your mother do when you come back? 二,WHILE可以连接两个并列的句子,而WHEN不可以 例如I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was whtching TV 三,WHEN是特殊疑问词,对时间进行提问,WHILE不是。
例如,When were you bron?
总结一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、一般过去将来时的时间状语
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。
其形式为was \\\/were + V-ing。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
1. 过去进行时由“助动词was\\\/were + 现在分词”构成 例如: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。 2. 过去进行时的否定式由“was\\\/were not +现在分词”构成。 例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车。 3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was\\\/were + 主语+ 现在分词?”构成。 例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?基本用法 1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
过去进行时如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
2. 过去进行时表示现在用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。
3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如:They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。
(指过去长期如此) He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。
(指当时一时的表现)特殊用法 1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时 We listened carefully while the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。
用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
如:He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事发生的背景。
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。
4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
Five minutes later, he was standing at the door, smoking. 5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。
I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了。
她患了很严重的心脏病。
7、与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。
The girl was always changing her mind. 这女孩老是改变主意。
[编辑本段]常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now,a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they left the station; When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.[编辑本段]典型例题 (1) Mary _C_ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。
同 时,when表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
(2) As she _b__ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A.read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案B. 句中的as = when, while,意为当……之时。
描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。
句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
过去进行时的基本用法:表示过去某个时刻或时间正在进行过持续进行的动作,句中往往需要有时间状语来表示这一特定的时间. What were they doing just now? 他们刚才在干什么?[编辑本段]具体概念 一、 概念和用法:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。
其形式为was \\\/were + V-ing。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
例如: We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么
二、 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。
时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
如: What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么
(介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。
(when从句表示时间点) 三、 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
例如: While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。
(两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。
(两个动作同时进行) 四、 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree, is,am,are, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。
例如: 误:I was knowing the answer. 正:I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
误:I wasn‘t understanding him. 正:I didn‘t understand him. 我不明白他的意思。
[编辑本段]句型 肯定句=主语(I\\\/you\\\/he\\\/she\\\/It\\\/they\\\/we)+was\\\/were+doing+其它 否定句=主语(I\\\/you\\\/he\\\/she\\\/It\\\/they\\\/we)+was\\\/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语=Was\\\/Were+主语(You\\\/he\\\/she\\\/they\\\/we)+doing+其它 答语:Yes,I was.\\\/No,I wasn't. 特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was\\\/were+主语(I\\\/you\\\/he\\\/she\\\/they\\\/we)+doing+其它[编辑本段]时态比较过去进行时与一般过去时 都强调过去发生的事 进行时强调过程,不一定完成 过去时强调事件,一定完成 p,s表示一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作发生了 如:He played when I was studying. 过去进行时与一般过去时,两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作。例如: I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信。(可能没打完) I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信。(已经打完) 1、一般过时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。
(信写完了) She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。
(信不一定写完) 2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
3、句中有a moment ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。
4、句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。
过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时,表示更为偶然而非预定的动作: I was talking to Tom the other day. 那天我跟汤姆聊天来着。
这里的过去进行时给人的印象是这一动作既不特殊,也不引人注目。
它同时还倾向于解除主语对于这一动作所负的责任。
句中谁先开口说话既不清楚,也无关紧要。
要注意它与一般过去时的差异: 注意:进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作。
如果把动作分割开,或者说出其发生的次数,就必须用一般过去时:I talked to Tom several times. 我跟汤姆谈过几次话。
Tom washed both cars. 汤姆把两辆汽车都洗了。
当然,看来是并行的两个动作可以都用进行时态来表示: Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog.一点到两点之间我在购物、遛狗。
这样用的进行时态通常和某些时间状语如 today,last night,in the afternoon连用。
这些时间状语可以看做是表示某一时刻,也可以看做是表示某一段时间。
如上面例句所示,某一段时间也可以用确切的时间来表示。
如想问起一段时间怎样度过时,用过去进行时态要用比一般过去时显得有礼貌: What were you doing before you came here
(你来这里之前做什么工作
)要比 What did you do be- fore you came here
听起来有礼貌。
另一方面, What were you doing in my room
(你在我的房间里干什么来着
)可能表示这样一种情感:我认为你没有权利在我的屋子里。
但 What did you do in my room
却毫无这种含义。
不用于进行时的动词 感官动词:hear,see,notice,feel,taste…… 表示态度感情的动词:like,love,hate…… 表心理状态:feel,want,prefer…… 表占有:own,have,…… 表存在状态和持续:look,owe,be…… when 和while的用法区别 两者的区别如下: ①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间; while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如: a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为: While we were talking, the teacher came in. b They were singing while we were dancing.