初二英语语法总结
初二英语语法总结1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。
例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。
例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。
例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚
should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。
此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。
例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。
should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。
例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。
如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的
该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。
如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。
如： What color do you like best? （所有颜色） 你最喜爱什么颜色
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范围） 你最喜爱哪一种颜色
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。
如： Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国
4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always（总是，一直） usually（通常） often（常常，经常） sometimes（有时候） never（从不） 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。
如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。
如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。
如： Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。
如： Never have I been there. 5) every day 与 everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。
如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。
I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么
6) 什么是助动词 1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。
被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如： He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义） 2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： a. 表示时态，例如： He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如： He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如： Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如： I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如： Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7) forget doing\\\/to do与remember doing\\\/to do 1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。
(未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。
(已做) The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。
(没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。
( 已做过关灯的动作) Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。
(to come动作未做) 典型例题 ---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh，I forgot___. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案：C。
由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。
此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。
如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。
如： You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。
) 9) 对两个句子的提问 新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。
例如： 句子：The boy in blue has three pens. 提问：1.Who has three pens? 2.Which boy has three pens? 3.What does the boy in blue have? 4.How many pens does the boy in blue have? 很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。
再如： 句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday. 提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday? 5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday? 6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends? 10) so、such与不定冠词的使用 1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a\\\/an+名词”。
如： He is so funny a boy. Jim has so big a house. 2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a\\\/an+形容词+名词”。
如： It is such a nice day. That was such an interesting story. 11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况 1.在进行时态中。
如： He is watching TV in the room. They were dancing at nine o'clock last night. 2.在there be结构中。
如： There is a boy swimming in the river. 3.在have fun\\\/problems结构中。
如： We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain. 4.在介词后面。
如： Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball.
感叹句what和how的用法
感叹句What与How的用法1、What+a\\\/an+形+可数名词单+主+!Whatalovelyboy(Tomis)!2、What+形容词+可数名数（+主+谓）!Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!3、What+形容词+不可数名词（+主+谓）!Whatdeliciousmeat(itis)!1、How+形容词\\\/副词+主+谓!Howtalltheboyis!2、How+形容词+a\\\/an+单数可数名词（+主+谓）!Howbeautifulagirl(sheis)!3、How+陈述句（主+谓）!Howheloveshismother!(((()1._______aclevergirlsheis!A.What)2._______shesings!A.HowgoodB.HowB.HowwellB.HowC.What’sC.WhatwellC.Howa)3._______excitingthenewsis!)4._____hissisterworks!A.HowcarefulB.HowcarefullyA.WhataC.WhatcarefulB.HowC.WhataC.HowC.HowC.WhatanC.Howa(((((()5._____noisythestudentsaremaking!A.What)6.______deliciousfish!)7.______heavyrain!A.HowA.WhataB.WhatB.What)8.____oldbikeTimisriding!A.Whata)9.______excitingmomentitis!A.How)10.______dinnerwe’rehavingtoday!A.WhatadeliciousB.HowdeliciousB.WhatanB.HowanC.Whatdelicious给大家推荐一个英语微信群-EmptyYourCup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说
英语句子排列的顺序是怎样的,
很简单啊,抓住一句话的主要部分, 既主语,谓语,宾语然后再看那些成分是修饰说明的,比如定语,那些是时间、地点、程度、方式、条件、因果的……，这些一般都是状语。
其实一个英文句子基本上就分这些成分。
A tall building, in which some old people have lived since it was built in 1976 , will be rebuilt next year because it has been detroyed in the earthquake.主干部分就是 A building will be rebuilt. 定语in which some old people have lived since it was built in 1976 修饰主语building， 其中又包含了一个状语从句since it was built in 1976 ， 后面的because it has been detroyed in the earthquake.是原因状语从句。
汉语：很多老人从这座建筑物1976年始建就住在这里了，但是由于在地震中损坏严重，明年这座建筑物将被重建英文句子在主干的基础上可以很长很长，但是汉语翻译的时候要简单。
it is +adj+for sb to do sth与it is+adj+of sb to do sth有何区别
用for 是因为前面的adj是来描述do后面的sth.用of 的话,adj就用来形容sb的it is adj of sb to do,这里的形容形容人的性格特征的,如nice,kind clever,foolish,smart,都是形容人的,it is adj for sb to do就是普通的形容词,如hard,impossible,important翻译：对我们来说学习英语太难了it is+adj+for sb to do...it is+adj+of sb to do ....的含义及区别一.导入It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了.（kind 形容的是you）It is beneficial for you to do sports.运动对你有益.（beneficial形容的是do sports）二.表达含义:1.it is+adj+for sb. 就是“做…对某人(for sb)来说怎么样(adj)”2.it is+adj+of sb. 就是“某人做…(of sb)怎么样(adj)”三.辨析:it is+adj+for sb和it is+adj+of sb.①“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样” 一般用表示人物的性格,品德.表示主观感情或态度的形容词.若形容词是描述逻辑主语(行为者即of后的sb)的性格、品质特征的形容词. 这个adj.是用来形容sb.的.of后的宾语能与前面的形容词构成主表关系. 这类形容词有:good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的), right(正直的)careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)wise, clever, nice, kind, silly,rude, wrong, right, foolish,natural, stupid, bad, brave,cruel, honest,naughty,wise,rude等.例如:It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好.It's very kind of you to look after my cat.你能照看我的猫,真好.It’s kind of you to say so.(=You are kind to say so)It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁.It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了.It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了.It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem. It's very kind of you to look after my cat.你真聪明,解出了这道数学题.It’s foolish of you to do that.It’s wrong of the other children to make fun of you.②“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词.若形容词是描述做的事情（即adj描述的是to do）,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用for sb.这类形容词有:important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的),right(正确的) likely(可能的)等，例如:It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易.It's very hard for him to study two languages(=To study two languages is very hard for him).对他来说学两门外语是很难的.It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的.It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的.It’s important for her to come to the party.=It is important that she should come to the party.对她来说来参加聚会很重要.It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险.It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难.③注意:for 与of 的辨别方法: I.区别:1.含义上的区别:两种句型的主谓关系不一样.It is+adj+for sb to do. adj应该是对做这件事的评价;It is+adj+of sb to do sth. adj应该是对做这件事的人的评价,adj多用形容人的.①It is +adj+for sb to do sth. 形容词(for前的)是多用来形容一件事情(动词不定式所表示的动作),即修饰的是 to do sth. adj是do sth.的属性; sb.跟adj.没有直接联系. for是指干谋事会如何.It's plesant for us to take a walk after supper.②It is+adj+of sb to do sth. 形容词(of前的)是多用来形容人的;修饰的是介词of后面接的宾语. sb.跟adj.有直接联系.③实例辨析:It's very difficult for me to do it. (difficult 指事情很难)It's very kind of you to do it for me. (kind指人的品质好)It is more convenient for him to walk directly.对他来说,直接走过来比较便捷. (convenient 指事情很便捷)It is clever of him to come down without ropes.他很聪明,不用绳子就能下来. (convenient 指指人很聪明)2.逻辑结构上的区别:方法:取介词of\\\/for后的代词作逻辑主语和介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子.句子结构:“逻辑主语+be+形容词”.即:sb.is adj to do sth (不定式作句子的状语).如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for.如:It is good for you to look at this book. 是说: ....对你有好处. 看这本书对你有好处.It is nice of you to give me such advice.是说: 你很好,感激你给我提供建议.*提取逻辑主语和形容词造句:It is nice of you to help me. 提取you与nice 可构成you are nice. (通顺,所以应用of).It's very kind of you to help me. 提取you与kind可构成you are kind. (通顺,所以应用of).It is good for you to look at this book.提取you与good可构成you are good(有好处的). (不通,所以应用for)It is hard for him to study two languages. 提取he与hard可构成he is hard(困难的). (不通,所以应用for)四.注意:of sb. 的句型通常都可转换为不定式作状语的句子,但for sb.句型不可以. It’s very nice of you to offer me a seat. = You are nice to offer me a seat. 十分感谢你给我让座. It is careless of him to lose so many things. = He is careless to lose so many things. 他丢了这么多东西,真是太粗心了. It’s very important for you to practise your oral English in daily life.
