
英语的句子结构有哪些
各种词怎样排序
急需
多谢
英语主干就是三个部分,即主语、谓语、宾语(或者表语)。
名词、代词、动名词均可做主语,谓语有两种即有实际意义的动词和be动词,能做宾语的词很多,主要是形容词、名词,当谓语动词是be动词的时候宾语又称为表语
英语中 并列形容词的排列顺序
形容词的排列顺序 一、表示不定、泛指意义的多类形容词修饰同一名词时,其顺序一般排列为: 限定词类+描述或性质类+大小、长短、高低类+形状、新旧、年龄类+颜色类+来源、国籍、地区、出处类+中心词.该排列顺序可按美小圆旧黄,法国木书房顺序记忆.如: 两件又新又漂亮的绿色丝绸女士晚礼服. two beautiful new green silk evening dress 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩 that hungry,tired,sleepy little match girl 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅 an old large red brick dining hall 在遵循以上的排列顺序的同时,要注意以下几点: 1.上述同一形容词并列时,一般用逗号分开或用and连接,并要视形容词音节的多少决定其先后位置,音节多的仅靠名词,音节少的离名词较远,即按先简后繁排列.如: a nice,beautiful girl\\\/a nice and beautiful girl(描述词并列) 2.需要强调时,表示质量、新旧、大小和形状的形容词的位置可以有变化,如何变化取决于所要强调的是哪个词.如: a beautiful new house(正常顺序) a new beautiful house(强调beautiful) an expensive small clock(正常顺序) a small expensive clock(强调expensive) 二、表示限定意义的形容词多个并列时,遵循下列原则: 1.限定词分类:(1)前位限定词:all,both,half,double,倍数词和分数词.(2)中位限定词:冠词、指示代词、代词所有格、名词所有格以及some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough,much,whose等.(3)后位限定词:基数词、序数词以及little,few,last,next,other,another,more,less,most,several,least,plenty of等不定量代词. 2.限定词的排列顺序:前位+中位+后位+中心词.如: all(前)these(中)last(后)few(后)days 在运用限定词的排列顺序规则时,要注意以下几点: (1)前位限定词不能两个或两个以上同时修饰同一个名词. (2)中位限定词不能两个或两个以上同时修饰一个名词,如some much water是不可以的. (3)表示同类意义的不同位的限定词不能同时修饰同一名词. (4)后位限定词可同时出现,但位置比较固定.如:the first two chapters(头两章),three other girls(另外3个女孩),another twenty tons(又一个20吨). (5)such和what为跨类限定词.可作前位:such\\\/what+a book(单数可数名词);such\\\/what+time(不可数名词);such\\\/what+people(复数可数名词).也可作后位:such与some,any,no,every,each,all,another,several,few,many,one,two等前、中、后位限定词一起同时修饰同一名词时,作后位,即such置于这些词之后,如:no such book,any such plans,few such books等. 三、英汉互译时,要注意形容词词序的排列,英语的习惯是:与名词关系最密切的,离名词最近,不那么密切的就较远.这在汉语中不一定是这样.如: an ancient Chinese writer中国古代文学家(而不是古代的中国文学家),practical social activities社会实践活动(而不是实践的社会活动) 四、形容词并列作表语时,通用and连接.如: He was tall,dark and handsome.他又高又黑又漂亮. She is ill and ugly.她又凶又丑.
英语句子排列的顺序是怎样的,
很简单啊,抓住一句话的主要部分, 既主语,谓语,宾语然后再看那些成分是修饰说明的,比如定语,那些是时间、地点、程度、方式、条件、因果的……,这些一般都是状语。
其实一个英文句子基本上就分这些成分。
A tall building, in which some old people have lived since it was built in 1976 , will be rebuilt next year because it has been detroyed in the earthquake.主干部分就是 A building will be rebuilt. 定语in which some old people have lived since it was built in 1976 修饰主语building, 其中又包含了一个状语从句since it was built in 1976 , 后面的because it has been detroyed in the earthquake.是原因状语从句。
汉语:很多老人从这座建筑物1976年始建就住在这里了,但是由于在地震中损坏严重,明年这座建筑物将被重建英文句子在主干的基础上可以很长很长,但是汉语翻译的时候要简单。
英语里名词前做定语的数个形容词的排列顺序是什么
巧记高考形容词作定语的排列顺序,屡试不爽二.多个形容词作定语的排列顺序 当名词前面有几个形容词作修饰语时,一般按下列次序排列:限定词+描绘形容词+形状+大小+颜色+国籍原材料。
有一个句子利用谐音可以帮助我们很容易地记这个顺序:县官行令杀(色)国才(国家的栋梁之才)。
(限定词+外观的词+形状+年龄大小+颜色+国籍词+材料)。
这个顺序可以说是屡试不爽。
三.比较结构中表示倍数和百分数的词的位置。
一般来说,这类词放在as┉as 结构之前,也可以放在the size\\\/length\\\/width\\\/depth\\\/height等之前。
如: three times as big as, thirty percent the depth of 等。
以下是一组关于词序、语序的高考试题,请你做做练一练:1.This _____ girl is Linda’s cousin. (2005年北京第23题)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little prettyC. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2.What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is _____ it is long. (2005年湖北第28题)A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half asC. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half3.John is the tallest boy in the class,_____ according to himself. (2005年安徽第31题)A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as4.______, Carolina couldn’t get the door open. ( 2005年广东第23题)A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. She might try as D. Might as she try 5.______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005年重庆第27题)A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 6. Only after my friend came ____ . (2005年福建第32题)A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computerC. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired7.______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. ( 2005年江苏试题)A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC.How curious the couple were D. The couple was such serious8.John Smith, a successful business man, has a ______ car. (2004年辽宁试题)A. large German white B. large white GermanC. white large German D. German large white9.The _____ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. (2004年江苏试题)A. little white wooden B. little wooden whiteC. white wooden little D. wooden white little10.______ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004年浙江试题)A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. young strong ten Chinese11.Why ! I have nothing to confess. ___ you want me to say? ( 2004年上海试题)A. What is it that B. What it is thatC. How is it that D. How it is that12.It was ____ back home after the experiment . ( 2004年湖北试题)A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go13. If I had ____, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting place.(98全国)A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough14.---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (95全国) --- It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunnyC. last sunny few D. few sunny last15. Paper produced every year is ____ the world’s production of vehicles. (98上海)A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as Key:1.—5 ACBAB 6--10 CBBAA 11—15 ACABB==================记得高中时看到有本词典上有,时间长了,忘了,上面的应该可以
英语句子词性顺序是怎样
(全面点,最好有例子)
最最最基本的就是:主+谓+宾。
好比汉语中咱说的:“我爱你”I LOVE YOU,你还别笑,真的,这个很简单,我I就是主语,主语一般都是人,意思是主人的意思,而“爱”LOVE:就是他的一个动作,意识,这个动作或意识要作用到另外一件东西上,那就是“你”YOU 宾语,你就理解成贵宾呗,动作的对象,贵宾不就是让别人为他服务吗
主+谓+宾是最基本的,接着往后就都是后话了,都是修饰这三个主杆的,这三个好比一个大树的主杆,其他的都是树枝和叶子,明白了吗
我说的可能有点懵,不过我尽力了,其实根本都不难,只要你用心体会,你做造几个汉语句子,然后翻译成英语就一目了然了,英语是离不开汉语的,一定要造简单的句子哦,祝你成功。
一.主语:主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1.名词作主语。
如:A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。
) Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。
) 2.代词用作主语。
如:You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。
He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑 3.数词用作主语。
如:Three is enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。
4.名词化的形容词用作主语。
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。
5.副词用作主语。
如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
Carefully does it. 小心就行。
6.名词化的介词作主语。
如:The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
7.不定式用作主语。
如:To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again. 如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。
8. 动名词用作主语。
如:Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work. 看电影是乐事, 制作影片则是苦事。
9. 名词化的过去分词用作主语。
如:The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。
10. 介词短语用作主语。
如:To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。
From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. 从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。
11.从句用作主语。
如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。
Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to. 不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。
12.句子用作主语。
如:”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。
二.谓语 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。
1.由简单的动词构成。
(1). What happened? 发生了什么事
(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。
(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。
2.由动词短语构成的谓语。
(1). I am reading. 我在看书。
(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着
(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。
3.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动。
这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。
如: (1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水(had a swim 代替了swam) (2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个
(take a look 代替了 look) (3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。
(gave a sigh 代替了sighed) (4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。
(a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分,彻底的)) 三.表语 表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。
它也可以说是一种主语补语。
它位于联系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构。
在系表结构钟,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。
可以作表语的词有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
1.The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。
(名词) 2.So that’s that. 就是这样。
(代词) 3.We are seven. 我们一共7人。
(数词) 4.Are you busy? 你有空吗
(形容词) 5.Are you there? 你在听吗
(电话用语)(副词) Is anybody in? 里面有人吗
(副词) 6.All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。
(不定式) My answer to his threat(威胁) was to hit him on the nose. 我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。
(不定式) 7.Complimenting(赞美,祝贺) is lying. 恭维就是说谎。
(动名词) Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗
(动名词) 8.I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。
(过分) I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。
(过分) 9.She is in good health. 她很健康。
(介词短语) The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。
(介词短语) 10.Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗
(从句) 11.This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。
(从句) 补充: 能做系动词的实义动词: come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词) fell,sound ,smell , look , taste (感观动词) seem, appear (似乎,好像) 例如: 1.Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。
(Come后常加 easy ,loose natural 等) 2. He fell sick. 他病了。
Keep fit.保重。
Keep作为系动词还常接quiet ,calm ,cool, well, warm ,silent,clean,dry 3.The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。
(short , loose , wild , cold 等) 4.A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is. 一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些。
四.宾语 宾语(object)在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。
如: Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。
可以用作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。
1.Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗
(名词) 2.They won’t hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。
(代词) 3.If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。
(数词)。
4.I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。
(名词化形容词) 5.He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。
(副词) 6.Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗
(不定式) 7.He never did the unexpected(想不到的,意外的). 他从不做使人感到意外的事。
(名词化的分词) 8.Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗
(从句) 扩展: 宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语,即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。
直接宾语一般指动作的承受者,间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人),具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb), 常用的有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等,间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用,通常放在直接宾语之前。
如:I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。
五.补语 补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。
补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(subject complement),补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(object complement). (1). 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了。
有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。
如: The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求。
(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等 1.They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。
(名词用作并与补语) 2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾语补语) 3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。
(形容词用作宾语补语) 3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。
(形容词短语用作宾补) 4.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. 同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。
(不定式用作宾语补语) 5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。
(动名作宾补 6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。
六.定语 定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。
可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。
1.形容词用作定语是大量的。
(1). She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。
(2). He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。
(后置定语) 2. 名词用作定语。
如 (1). A baby girl 女婴 (2). well water 井水 (3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车 (4). A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂 2.代词作定语。
(1). Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。
(物主代词用作定语) (2). Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责。
(不定代词所有格作定语) 3.数词作定语 (1). There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。
(2). Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 现在就干吧,你可能再没有机会了。
基数词用作后置定语: page 24 Room 201 the year 1949 4. 副词充当定语时常后置,如: the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日 5.不定式用作定语 (1). Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。
(2). That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。
6.动名词用作定语. A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药 eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法 7.分词充当定语 a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者 a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花 7.介词短语用作定语。
(1). This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。
(2). The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。
8.从句用作定语,即定语从句 The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了。
七.同谓语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同谓语(appositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
1.名词用作同谓语是大量的。
(1). We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。
(2)We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。
2.代词用作同谓语。
(1)。
They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他。
(2)。
Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧。
3.数词用作同谓语。
(1)。
Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗
(2)。
They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了,我们三个留了下来。
4.不定式与动名词用作同谓语。
(1)。
Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。
(2)。
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭,被拒绝了。
5.Of 短语用作同谓语 The city of Rome 罗马城 the art of writing 写作艺术 The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好 6.从句用同谓语,即同谓语重句 (1)。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不确。
(2)。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。
八.状语 状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。
。
如: 1.The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。
2.可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
(1)。
副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中。
He speaks the language badly but read it well. 这种语言,他讲得不好,但阅读能力很强。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. 当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。
3.状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等 (1)。
时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中 Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? In China now leads the world. (2).地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。
There are plenty of fish in the sea. She kissed her mother on the platform(月台). (3)。
原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。
Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes because I like them. (4). 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。
She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway. She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said. (5). 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首。
He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. (6). 条件状语。
多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。
We’ll be lucky to get there before dark. If he were to come, what should we say to him? (7). 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。
For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. 他尽管有钱,但似乎并不幸福。
He helped me although he didn’t know me. (8).程度状语。
常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。
The lecture is very interesting. To what extent would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何
(9)。
伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示。
对位于句末和句首。
My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten. He stood there ,pipe(烟斗) in mouth.
中英文句子结构有哪些差异,翻译有哪些技巧
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为: 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports 典型例题:1) is going camping with ___ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 答案:C。
由限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao? ---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案:B。
本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。
一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table



