美国励志人物大学演讲稿中英文对照版，有哪些
Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today's graduates, 尊敬的Faust校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位毕业生同学， Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you. 感谢你们，让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。
I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers. Last year, J.K. Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium. The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not a billionaire, but at least I am a nerd. 我不太肯定，自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。
去年登上这个讲台的是，英国亿万身家的小说家J.K. Rowling女士，她最早是一个古典文学的学生。
前年站在这里的是比尔•盖茨先生，他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑高手。
今年很遗憾，你们的演讲人是我，虽然我不是很有钱，但是至少我也算一个高手。
I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine. You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family. My older brother has an M.D.\\\/Ph.D. from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard. When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased. Not so. When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next. Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied. 我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位，这对我很重要，也许比你们会想到的还要重要。
要知道，在学术上，我是我们家的不肖之子。
我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士，在哈佛大学得到哲学博士；我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。
我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候，我想我的妈妈会高兴。
但是，我错了。
消息公布的那天早上，我给她打电话，她听了只说：这是好消息，不过我想知道，你下次什么时候来看我
如今在我们兄弟当中，我最终也拿到了哈佛学位，我想这一次，她会感到满意。
Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches. I ask that you forgive me for two reasons. 在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲，还有一个难处，那就是你们中有些人可能有意见，不喜欢我重复前人演讲中说过的话。
我要求你们谅解我，因为两个理由。
First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once. In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery. 首先，为了产生影响力，很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。
在科学中，第一个发现者是重要的，但是在得到公认前，最后一个将这个发现重复做出来的人也许更重要。
Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients. Picasso declared Good artists borrow. Great artists steal. Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard? 其次，一个借鉴他人的作者，正走在一条前人开辟的最佳道路上。
哈佛大学毕业生、诗人爱默生曾经写下：古人把我最好的一些思想都偷走了。
画家毕加索宣称优秀的艺术家借鉴，伟大的艺术家偷窃。
那么为什么毕业典礼的演说者，就不适用同样的标准呢
I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply. I am married to Dean Jean, the former dean of admissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance. When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word rejected. She never rejected applicants; her letters stated that we are unable to offer you admission. I have difficulty understanding the difference. After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, deans of rejection. Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing. 我还要指出一点，向哈佛毕业生发表演说，对我来说是有讽刺意味的，因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请，一定会被拒绝。
我的妻子Jean当过斯坦福大学的招生主任，她向我保证，如果当年我申请斯坦福大学，她会拒绝我。
我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目，她强烈反对我使用拒绝这个词，她从来不拒绝任何申请者。
在拒绝信中，她总是写：我们无法提供你入学机会。
我分不清两者到底有何差别。
在我看来，那些大热门学校的招生主任与其称为准许你入学的主任，还不如称为拒绝你入学的主任。
很显然，我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。
My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself. So, here comes the advice. First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, there's an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, don't bargain for the last, little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that credit is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit. 毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构，我的演讲也不例外。
刚才是第一乐章----轻快的闲谈。
接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。
这样的忠告很少被重视，几乎注定被忘记，永远不会被实践。
但是，就像王尔德说的：对于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送给别人，因为它对你没有任何用处。
所以，下面就是我的忠告。
第一，取得成就的时候，不要忘记前人。
要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些启发过你的教授，尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授，因为他们迫使你自学。
从长远看，自学能力是优秀的文理教育中必不可少的，将成为你成功的关键。
你还要去拥抱你的同学，感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈，这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。
当然，你还要感谢哈佛大学。
不过即使你忘了这一点，校友会也会来提醒你。
第二，在你们未来的人生中，做一个慷慨大方的人。
在任何谈判中，都把最后一点点利益留给对方。
不要把桌上的钱都拿走。
在合作中，要牢记荣誉不是一个守恒的量。
成功合作的任何一方，都应获得全部荣誉的90%。
Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P. Dowd in the movie Harvey got it exactly right. He said: Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, Elwood, you must be ... she always used to call me Elwood ... in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.' Well, for years I was smart. ... I recommend pleasant. You may quote me on that. 电影《Harvey》中，Jimmy Stewart扮演的角色Elwood P. Dowd，就完全理解这一点。
他说：多年前，母亲曾经对我说，'Elwood，活在这个世界上，你要么做一个聪明人，要么做一个好人。
'我做聪明人，已经做了好多年了。
......但是，我推荐你们做好人。
你们可以引用我这句话。
My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion. If you don't have a passion, don't be satisfied until you find one. Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something. When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist. After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs. During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics. 我的第三个忠告是，当你开始生活的新阶段时，请跟随你的爱好。
如果你没有爱好，就去找，找不到就不罢休。
生命太短暂，如果想有所成，你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。
我在你们这个年龄，是超级的一根筋，我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。
本科毕业后，我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了8年，读完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去贝尔实验室待了9年。
在这些年中，我关注的中心和职业上的全部乐趣，都来自物理学。
Here is my final piece of advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won't be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made. 我还有最后一个忠告，就是说兴趣爱好固然重要，但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。
当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时，你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。
你的物质生活和得到的承认，都不会产生自豪。
只有那些你出手相助、被你改变过的人和事，才会让你产生自豪。
After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the real world, a university. Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was practically perfect in every way, but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles. I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children. 在贝尔实验室待了9年后，我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔，走进我眼中的真实世界----大学。
我对贝尔实验室的看法，就像别人形容电影Mary Poppins的话，实际上完美无缺。
但是，我想为世界留下更多的东西，不只是科学论文。
我要去教书，培育我自己在科学上的后代。
Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best: 我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼杰出同事Ted Geballe。
他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室，几年前又离开贝尔实验室去了斯坦福大学。
他对我们的动机做出了最佳描述： The best part of working at a university is the students. They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life. They don't realize it, but they're the recipients of the best our society can offer. If a mind is ever free to be creative, that's the time. They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don't know everything, and then they start to think on their own. Then, I begin learning from them. 在大学工作，最大的优点就是学生。
他们生机勃勃，充满热情，思想自由，还没被生活的重压改变。
虽然他们自己没有意识到，但是他们是这个社会中你能找到的最佳受众。
如果生命中曾经有过思想自由和充满创造力的时期，那么那个时期就是你在读大学。
进校时，学生们对课本上的一字一句毫不怀疑，渐渐地，他们发现课本和教授并不是无所不知的，于是他们开始独立思考。
从那时起，就是我开始向他们学习了。
My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary. Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard. I have learned much from them. Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace. 我教过的学生、带过的博士后、合作过的年轻同事，都非常优秀。
他们中有30多人，现在已经是教授了。
他们所在的研究机构有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大学。
我从他们身上学到了很多东西。
即使现在，我偶尔还会周末上网，向现在还从事生物物理学研究的学生请教。
I began teaching with the idea of giving back; I received more than I gave. This brings me to the final movement of this speech. It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses. It's a call to arms and about making a difference. 我怀着回报社会的想法，开始了教学生涯。
我的一生中，得到的多于我付出的，所以我要回报社会。
这就引出了这次演讲的最后一个乐章。
首先我要讲一个了不起的科学发现，以及由此带来的新挑战。
它是一个战斗的号令，到了做出改变的时候了。
用英语介绍美国食物的演讲稿
American Food You are what you eat.Nutrition experts often use this saying to promote better eating habits.What we put in our mouths does become a part of us.But we can look at this statement another way.What we eat reflects who we are--as people and as a culture.Do you want to understand another culture?Then you ought to find out about its food.Learning about American food can give us a real taste of American culture. 你吃什么就成为什么样子营养专家经常使用这句话来倡导更好的饮食习惯，入嘴的东西确实成为我们的一部分．但我们也可以从另一个角度来看这句话，我们所吃的反映出我们自己－－不论就人或文化而言．你想了解另一种文化吗
那么你应该去认识他们的食物．认识美国食物可以让我们得知美国文化的精髓。
What is American food?At first you might think the answer is easy as pie.To many people,American food means hamburgers,hot dogs,fried chicken and pizza.If you have a sweet tooth,you might even think of apple pie or chocolate chip cookies.It's true that Americans do eat those things.But are those the only kind of vittles you can find in America? 何谓「美式食物」
乍听之下你可能认为答案容易得很。
对许多人而言，美式食物就是汉堡、热狗、炸鸡和披萨。
如果你是好吃甜食的人，你可能会想到苹果派或巧克力片饼干。
美国人确实吃这些东西，但这些就是你在美国唯一找得到的食物吗
Except for Thanksgiving turkey,it's hard to find a typically Americanfood.The United States is a land of immigrants.So Americans eat food from many different countries.When people move to America,they bring their cooking styles with them.That's why you can find almost every kind of ethnic food in America.In some cases,Americans have adopted foods from other countries as favorites.Americans love Italian pizza,Mexican tacos and Chinese egg rolls.But the American version doesn't taste quite like the original! 除了感恩节火鸡以外，挺难找到典型的美国食物。
美国是个移民之地，所以美国人吃的食物来自许多不同的国家，当人们移居美国，他们也将自己的烹调带了进来。
那也就是为什么在美国你几乎可以看到所有不同民族的食物。
在某些情况中，美国人把外国的食物视为最爱。
美国人喜爱意大利的披萨，墨西哥的玉米饼和中国的春卷，但是这些东西的美国版味道却不很道地
As with any large country,the U.S.A has several distinct regions.Each region boasts its own special style of food.Visit the South and enjoy country-style cooking.Journey through Louisiana for some spicy Cajun cuisine.Take a trip to New England and sample savory seafood dishes.Travel through the Midwest,the breadbasket of the nation,for delicious baked goods.Cruise over to the Southwest and try some tasty Tex-Mex treats.Finish your food tour in the Pacific Northwest with some gourmet coffee. 和许多大国一样，美国有数个截然不同的地区，每个地区都以自己特有的食物夸口。
走访美国南部享受乡村式的烹调；到路易斯安纳州品尝辛辣的凯郡式料理；走一趟新英格兰试尝它美味的海鲜；再到中西部「美国的面包之乡」品尝可口的烘培食品；乘船游览至西南部尝试一些好吃的墨式德州小吃，最后到太平洋西北岸，啜饮美食家的咖啡，作为美食之旅的句点。
Americans living at a fast pace often just grab a quick bite.Fast food restaurants offer people on the run everything from fried chicken to fried rice.Microwave dinners and instant foods make cooking at home a snap.Of course,one of the most common quick American meals is a sandwich.If it can fit between two slices of bread,Americans probably make a sandwich out of it.Peanut butter and jelly is an all-time American favorite. 生活在快速步调之下的美国人通常只能「很快地吃几口」。
快餐店提供赶时间的人各种食物，从炸鸡到炒饭，应有尽有。
微波炉晚餐和实时餐点使得在家烧饭省事又快速。
当然，最平常的美式速餐之一就是三明治。
任何能夹在两片土司中间的东西，美国人就可以把它作成一份三明治，花生酱和果酱更是一直都深受美国人的喜爱。
Americans on the go also tend to eat a lot of junk food.Potato chips,candy bars,soft drinks and other goodies are popular treats.Many people eat too many of these unhealthy snacks.But others opt for more healthy eating habits.Some even go all natural.They refuse to eat any food prepared with chemicals or additives. 忙碌的美国人也趋向于吃一大堆「垃圾食物」。
洋芋片、糖果、汽水和其它好吃的东西都颇受欢迎。
许多人吃了太多这类不健康的零嘴，但是其它人则选择较健康的饮食习惯，有些人甚至选择「全天然」的食物，他们拒绝吃任何有化学制品或添加物的食物。
求一篇关于关于美国文化的英语演讲稿
Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word Hollywood is often used as a metonymy of American cinema. The nickname Tinseltown refers to Hollywood and the movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production and lighting companies, remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues and concert stages to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. It is a popular destination for nightlife, tourism, and is home to the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
求一篇关于美国文化的英语演讲稿
For some students, English is very difficult to learn. It's true that English is different from other subjects. Because we learn other subjects in Chinese. We know Chinese much earlier than English. So Chinese influences our English learning. Do you want to learn English well? And then I'll be very glad to share the experiences. The most important thing is to remember four Cs. First, Carefulness. You must be careful when you do anything, and also, when you learn English. Many students make simple mistakes at times. 'Cause they are not careful enough. Also, many students don't regard English learning as an important thing. But we all know that English is the most widely used language in the world. As we are growing up, English is becoming more and more important in our life. So, when you learn English, please be careful. Further more, you also need to listen carefully. At school, listen carefully when you learn in class. The teacher can tell us a lot. If you have chances to speak to foreigners from English-spoken country, you should listen to them carefully. ay attention to their pronunciations and ways to express. Next, Confidence & Courage. Many Chinese students are troubled by spoken English. Of course there is a reason about the language environment. However, the more important thing is that some of us are not confident enough to open the mouth. When we meet some foreigners, we hardly speak to them if they don't speak to us. Confidence & Courage are what we need. We can practice our English at home. Find a mirror and then speak to ourselves. Then you may feel more relaxed and comfortable than speaking to others. Don't afraid to make mistakes. But also be careful, don't make mistakes that you know what is right. The last one is Curiosity. You need to keep curious. Interest is the best teacher. When you read an English article, see an English movie, watch some English programs or when you join any other events about English, you should keep curious. If you learn a new word, then guess the meaning before you use the dictionary. If you find a sentence that you consider very meaningful, then you can write it down and collect all of them. If you keep curious about English, you may find learning English is so interesting. Can't you learn English well then? These are my suggestions of English learning. And I hope it can be helpful for you.And thank you all for listening
大学英语演讲稿
Some people think there is no true friendship exsting, but I believe a friend in need is a friend in deed.In my oppinion, friends are those who could share happiness and also sadness with you together. When you are upset, they could comfort you,and say I know you whether they really know or not. And when you get success they will be joyful with you. They may be sometimes hurt you, but never at the urgent time.And friendship needs no rewards. But that depends on two sides of us. Each side is a important ingridient.In a word, I believe in true friendship.
一篇有关美国民权运动历史的英文演讲稿，急
Not until we are lost do we begin to understand ourselves. ~Henry David Thoreau迷失自我，才能发现自我。
——亨利·大卫·梭罗（美国作家及自然主义者）Everything about my future was ambiguously assumed. I would get into debt by going to college, then I would be forced to get a job to pay off that debt, while still getting into more and more debt by buying a house and a car. It seemed like a never-ending cycle that had no place for the possibility of a dream. 我们未来的一切似乎都模糊地设定好了，利用贷款上大学，然后为了还债被迫去找一份工作，还要为了买房买车背负更多的债务……这仿佛是一个无休止的循环，让我们的梦想没有实现的机会。
I want more—but not necessarily in the material sense of personal wealth and success. I want more out of life. I want a passion, a conceptual dream that wouldn't let me sleep out of pure excitement. I want to spring out of bed in the morning, rain or shine, and have that zest for life that seemed so intrinsic in early childhood. 我们想要的更多——并不是对于个人财富和成功等物质性需求，我们对于生活，想要更多。
我想要热忱、有概念的梦想，让我不会空怀纯粹的兴奋入睡。
我希望能在早晨一跃起床，无论是阳光普照还是刮风下雨，也能对生活充满热情，就像我们的童年时固有的一样。
We all have a dream. It might be explicitly defined or just a vague idea, but most of us are so stuck in the muck of insecurity and self-doubt that we just dismiss it as unrealistic or too difficult to pursue. 我们都有梦想，无论它是明确的目标还是模糊的主意，但我们大多数人都受困于不安全和自我怀疑的泥泞里，我们把梦想看做是不现实的、难以追求的，最后放弃了。
We become so comfortable with the life that has been planned out for us by our parents, teachers, traditions, and societal norms that we feel that it's stupid and unsafe to risk losing it for the small hope of achieving something that is more fulfilling. 我们变得满足于父母、老师、传统及社会规条为我们营造的安逸生活。
为了那一点点能够为生活变得更充实的希望去冒险，我们会认为这是愚蠢和危险的。
The policy of being too cautious is the greatest risk of all. ~Jawaharlal Nehru过于谨慎才是最大的危险——贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁（印度开国总理）Taking a risk is still a risk. We can, and will, fail. Possibly many, many, many times. But that is what makes it exciting for me. That uncertainty can be viewed negatively, or it can empower us. 冒险始终还是有风险。
我们，也有可能失败，还有可能是失败很多很多次。
但这会让我们更加兴奋。
不确定因素看起来有不利，但同时也能激励我们。
Failing is what makes us grow, it makes us stronger and more resilient to the aspects of life we have no control over. The fear of failure, although, is what makes us stagnant and sad. So even though I couldn't see the future as clearly as before, I took the plunge in hopes that in the depths of fear and failure, I would come out feeling more alive than ever before. 失败能让我们成长，让我们更强大，让我们更能适应生活中难以控制的各个方面。
对于失败的恐惧，让我们停滞不前，悲伤不已。
尽管不能清晰地看见未来，在恐惧和失败的深渊里，我们也要保持希望，那么我们将活得更有生命力。
If you feel lost, just take a deep breath and realize that being lost can be turning point of finding out who you truly are, and what you truly want to do. 如果你迷失了自我，请深呼吸，迷失或许能成为你人生的转折点，让你发现真正的自己，并让你知道自己想真正成为怎样的人。
帮我找一篇关于健康的英语演讲稿，三分钟左右，大学四级水平
Soy food good for womenWomen who ate soy regularly as children have a lower risk of breast cancer, American researchers report. And men who eat fish several times a week have a lower risk of colon cancer, a second team of researchers have told the American Association for Cancer Research. The studies add to a growing body of evidence about the role of diet in cancer. Cancer experts now believe that up to two-thirds of all cancers come from lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet and lack of exercise. The US National Cancer Institute and researchers at the University of Hawaii found that women who ate the most soy-based foods, such as tofu and miso, when aged 5 to 11, reduced their risk of developing breast cancer by 58 per cent. It was not clear how soy might prevent cancer, though compounds in soy called isoflavones have estrogen-like effects. A second study showed that men who ate fish at least five times a week had a 40 per cent lower risk of developing colorectal cancer compared with men who ate fish less than once a week. Many kinds of fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which interfere with the cyclooxygenase-2 or COX-2 enzyme. COX-2 affects inflammation, which may play a role in tumour growth.据美国研究人员报告，儿童时期经常吃豆类食品的女性患乳腺癌的风险较小。
另一组研究人员则向美国癌症研究协会提出，一周吃几次鱼的男性患结肠癌的几率较小。
这两项研究进一步证明了饮食对于防癌的作用。
癌症防治专家认为，在所有种类的癌症中，多达三分之二都是由吸烟、节食及缺乏锻炼等不健康的生活方式造成的。
美国全国癌症研究所和夏威夷大学的研究人员发现，在5岁至11岁时经常吃豆腐、味噌等豆类食品的女性患乳腺癌的几率要低58%。
至于豆类食品为什么可以防癌还不清楚，不过大豆中所含的名叫异黄酮的化合物具有雌性激素的作用。
另一项研究表明，一周吃鱼至少五次的男性患结肠癌的风险要比那些一周都吃不到一次鱼的男性低40%。
很多鱼类中所富含的Omega-3脂肪酸能够抑制环氧化酶2的活性。
环氧化酶2会引起发炎，这可能会刺激肿瘤的生长。
If you're middle-aged and your memory's not what it used to be, check the bathroom scale, researchers warned, suggesting overweight people tend to score more poorly on tests of memory than their thinner peers do. The findings suggest that a heavier weight in middle age may mean a higher risk of dementia later in life. Reporting in the journal Neurology, the researchers speculated that higher rates of cardiovascular disease or diabetes might help explain the link. But it's also possible that substances produced by fat cells, such as the hormone leptin, have direct effects on the brain. The study compared mental abilities to body mass index (BMI), a measurement of weight in relation to height used to define overweight and obesity. A BMI of 25 or more indicates overweight, and 30 or more is obese. The study also investigated the relationships between BMI and cognitive function in 2,223 healthy men and women between the ages of 32 and 62 in France through the use of four cognitive tests. The study found a higher BMI was associated with lower cognitive test scores. Results from a test involving word memory recall show people with a BMI of 20 remembered an average of nine out of 16 words, while people with a BMI of 30 remembered an average of seven out of 16 words. 研究人员提醒，如果你已步入中年，发现自己的记忆力不如从前，那么你得小心体重了。
研究表明，超重的人记忆测试的得分要比较瘦的人低。
研究发现，体重偏大的中年人今后患老年痴呆症的可能性较大。
研究报告在《神经学》期刊上发表，研究人员推断，心血管疾病及糖尿病的高发现象可以解释其中的原因。
此外，脂肪细胞所产生的物质，如瘦体激素，对大脑有直接影响。
此项研究将调查对象的智力与体重指数进行了对比。
体重指数指的是身高和体重之间的比例，主要用来衡量一个人是否偏胖或肥胖。
体重指数为25或25以上的人偏胖，达到30或30以上的人则为肥胖。
研究人员还对体重指数和认知功能间的关系进行了研究，他们在法国对2223位年龄在32岁至62岁间的健康男女进行了认知测试。
研究发现，体重指数越大，认知测试的得分越低。
其中一项单词记忆的测试结果表明，在16个单词中，体重指数为20的人平均能记住9个，而体重指数为30的人平均只能记住7个。
People who do not get enough sleep are more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to a large British study released Monday.Although the reasons are unclear, researchers said lack of sleep appeared to be linked to increased blood pressure, which is known to raise the risk of heart attacks and stroke.A 17-year analysis of 10,000 government workers showed those who cut their sleep from seven hours a night to five or less faced a 1.7-fold increased risk of death from all causes and more than double the risk of cardiovascular death.The findings highlight a danger in busy modern lifestyles, Francesco Cappuccio, professor of cardiovascular medicine at the University of Warwick's medical school, told the annual conference of the British Sleep Society in Cambridge.A third of the population of the UK and over 40 percent in the US regularly sleep less than five hours a night, so it is not a trivial problem, he told reporters.Previous research has highlighted the potential health risks of shift work and disrupted sleep. But the study by Cappuccio and colleagues, which was supported by British government and US funding, is the first to link duration of sleep and mortality rates.The study looked at sleep patterns of participants aged 35-55 at two points in their lives - 1985-88 and 1992-93 - and then tracked their mortality rates until 2004.The results were adjusted to take account of other possible risk factors such as initial age, sex, smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index, blood pressure and cholesterol.Cappuccio said it was possible that longer sleeping could be related to other health problems such as depression or cancer-related fatigue.In terms of prevention, our findings indicate that consistently sleeping around seven hours per night is optimal for health, he said.(Agencies) 本周一公布的一项大规模英国调查表明，睡眠不足的人死于心脏病的几率是睡眠充足者的两倍多。
目前其中的原因尚不清楚，但研究人员称，睡眠不足会导致血压升高，从而增大患心脏病和中风的风险。
一项针对1万名政府职员、长达17年的跟踪调查表明，每晚睡眠时间从七个小时减少到五个小时或更少的人因各种原因而死亡的几率是睡眠正常者的1.7倍，而且死于心血管疾病的风险也增加了1倍多。
沃里克大学医学院的心血管药物学教授弗朗西斯哥•卡普西奥在英国睡眠学会在剑桥召开的一年一度的研讨会上说，这一研究成果揭示了忙碌的现代生活中潜在的危险。
他在接受记者采访时说：“三分之一的英国人以及超过40%的美国人每晚的睡眠时间常常达不到五个小时，所以这个问题不可小视。
”此前有调查发现轮班及睡眠中断会对健康产生潜在威胁。
但卡普西奥及其同事的这项调查则首次揭示了睡眠时间长短与死亡率之间的关系。
该调查由英国政府和美国基金提供资助。
该调查对年龄在35岁至55岁之间的人在1985年至1988年以及1992年至1993年两个阶段的睡眠模式进行了探究，并对这一人群截至2004年的死亡率进行了追踪。
调查还考虑到了调查对象的初始年龄、性别、是否吸烟喝酒、体重指数、血压及胆固醇指标等其它可能的风险因素。
卡普西奥说，睡眠时间过长也可能导致如抑郁症及癌因性疲乏等其它健康问题。
他说：“就预防而言，我们的研究结果表明，每晚睡眠时间持续保持在七小时左右最益于身体健康。
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