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中华门城堡英语导游词

时间:2020-07-08 11:09

从中华门地铁站下地铁直接步行到中华门城堡或雨花台烈士陵园可行么

中华门,又称瓮城、四方城、月城、曲池聚宝门,为南京古城墙13个城门中规模最大的城堡式城门,是当今世界上保存最完好、结构最复杂的古城堡,被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

位于南京市中华路南端,是南京城的南大门。

城堡高21.5米、东西宽118.5米、进深129米,占地16500多平方米。

城门分4道, 每两道之间的空地称作瓮城。

每道城门除置有铁皮包严的木质大门外,城门两边还有石槽,石槽内嵌有千斤闸,战时如木质城门被敌军攻破,可从城上放下千斤闸以阻止敌军前进或退却。

城堡上下还设有27个藏兵洞,可埋伏士兵3000多人,以对付困在瓮城中的敌军。

今千斤闸虽已毁坏,但从城上石槽仍能看出当年设计的机关原理。

对外的第一道城门分上、中、下三层,上层原建有庑殿式重檐筒瓦顶的镝楼,但毁于1937年侵华日军的炮火,现尚存台基残迹;中层为砖石结构,朝内一排7 个藏兵洞,洞内设茶室,经营旅游纪念品;下层中间为瓮城甬道,两侧各有3 个藏兵洞。

二至四道城门为二层结构,上面有木质城楼,下层为砖石结构。

瓮城的东西两侧各建有一条宽11米的斜坡式登城马道,供守军骑马上城,现在马道旁每隔一段都有一个真人大小的将军装束的人偶,供游人拍照留念,马道下的外侧还各有一排7 个小藏兵洞。

整个城堡构思奇巧,建造精良,充分体现了我国古代能工巧匠的智慧和技艺,是研究城垣建筑史、都城史和古代战争史的珍贵实物。

中华门城堡藏兵洞

中华门瓮城上下两层分布有13个藏兵洞,加上东西两侧马道下方的14个藏兵洞,共计27个,可藏兵三千。

首道拱门二层面北的中洞进深45米,宽6.85米,高6.32米,居各洞之首。

这些藏兵洞在战争期间对于军需物资的储备和兵源的设伏,都有十分重要的作用。

详细介绍南京的中华门是我国现存最大的古城堡,为明初都城的正南门,后称“聚宝门”,1931年改为中华门。

明洪武二至八年(公元1369至1375年)在南京建康府城南门的基础上扩建而成。

中华门城堡东西宽118.5米,南北长128米,总面积15168平方米,高20.45米,三道瓮城由四道拱门贯通。

各道门内原均有上下可启动的千斤闸和双扇木门,现仅存闸槽和门位痕迹。

整个瓮城有藏兵洞27个,能藏兵3000余人。

瓮城两侧各有坡道,可骑马登城。

这种藏军设施,在古代战争中具有十分重要的作用。

遇有敌人强攻时,可将敌兵放进城门,然后关起各道城门,把敌军截为三段,分而歼之,似如“瓮中捉鳖。

”中华门规模巨大,雄伟壮观,结构复杂,设计巧妙,是我国古代防御性的建筑,在世界城垣建筑史上占有重要地位,被列为省级文物保护单位。

中华门,明代称聚宝门,为明初都城的正南门,1931年改用今名。

明代的南京城垣,是明太祖朱元璋听取朱升关于高筑墙的建议,自公元1366年至1386年兴建的。

城垣沿用南唐都城的南面和西面的城墙,并扩建东、北两面城墙而成,周长33.676公里,高14-21米,下宽14.5米左右,上空4-9米。

城垣规模宏大,气势雄伟,为我国古代第一大城。

中华门是南京城垣十三个城门中最大、最雄伟的一个城门。

它位于南京城南,是在南唐都城南门的故址上重建的,整个瓮城南北长128米,东西宽118.5米,占地面积15168平方米。

它的南面有雨花台作为天然屏障,门前后有两支秦淮河水横贯东西,前临长千桥,后倚镇淮桥,地势险要,为城南交通咽喉所在。

中华门共建有三道瓮城,由四道拱门(券门)贯通,各门均有可以上下启动的千斤闸和双扇木门,现闸、门均无存,仅存闸槽和门位遗迹。

在第二道拱门至第四道拱门上方建有木结构绞关亭(闸亭,现已无存),在首道拱门二层藏兵洞的南端东西两侧墙体上,尚存绞关石柱一对。

城门外壁高20.45米,除箭垛以外,全部用巨型条石砌成。

首道城门上下共分三层,最上层原筑有一座三檐歇山顶敌楼,用以了望。

据记载,公元1520年,明武宗南幸,曾于正月迎春日,在此坐观百艺,可见当年此门形制之宏大。

清嘉庆年间,敌楼倒塌,筹款重修后,形制已缩小。

1937年,重修后的敌楼毁于侵华日军攻占南京的战火中。

中层砖石结构(上砖下石),面北筑有藏兵洞7个;下层正中筑拱门通瓮城,面北左右各筑藏兵洞3个。

瓮城东西两侧筑有宽11.5米、长86.1米的马道,马道陡峻壮阔,是战时运送军需物资登城的快道,将领亦可策马直登城头。

中华门瓮城上下两层分布有13个藏兵洞,加上东西两侧马道下方的14个藏兵洞,共计27个,可藏兵三千。

首道拱门二层面北的中洞进深45米,宽6.85米,高6.32米,居各洞之首。

这些藏兵洞在战争期间对于军需物资的储备和兵源的设伏,都有十分重要的作用。

中华门建筑宏伟,结构复杂,设计巧妙,别具匠心。

它的兴建前后历时21年,采用巨型条石、大砖与糯米汁、石灰、桐油拌合后砌成。

砌城墙所用城砖,每块长约40-50厘米,宽20厘米左右,厚10厘米上下,每块重15-20公斤,这样厚重的城砖,烧制技术的难度是相当大的。

城砖的制作由南京工部、京师驻军及长江中下游的湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏五省共125个县承担,烧成后由水路运送到南京。

为了保证城砖的质量,采取了严密的检验制度,每块砖上都在侧面印有制砖工匠和监造官员的姓名,一旦发现不合格制品,立即追究责任。

所以城砖的质地细密坚实,虽经六个世纪的风风雨雨,仍然完好如初,可见当时沿江人民为了建造这座宏伟的京城曾经付出了多少艰辛的劳动。

八十年代以前,中华门城堡常年废弃,处于无人问津的状态。

1980年正式开放后,在国家旅游局、南京市文物管理委员会、园林局及秦淮区人民政府等单位领导和规划下,采用边开放、边维修、边完善内部设施的办法,相继设立了中华门史料陈列室、盆景园等,完成了城堡四周居民和多家商店工厂的搬迁以及大量积土乱石的清运平整,全面整修了二层朝北墙体,并着意绿化、美化环境。

到目前为止,除敌楼、绞关亭外,基本上恢复了古城堡的原貌。

南京中华门城堡东侧的那个5进古建筑“祥和”到底是个什么东西

边营1号的那个“祥和”根本不是古建筑,只是仿古的而已,名义上是沈万三纪念馆,实际上根本就是一处违建,先是荒废了5年,里面盛了一堆老城南改造拆下来的木、砖、石构件,后又成为老城南改造的指挥部,现在似乎也是旅游公司的办公地点。

想想看,如果真是古建筑,五进的古民居在南京显然已经非常有价值了,但在任何级别的文物保护单位的名单上都找不到。

您可看看下面参考的新闻:

南京明城墙和中华门城墙是同一个城墙吗

在一起,但不是一个地方,千万被混淆了

明城墙是整个明朝南京城的城防建筑!中华门只是整个南京明城墙中保存最完好也最具特色的一个城门洞!现在一般旅游赏玩南京明城墙会以中华门为代表,毕竟南京的明城墙并没有整体保存下来,不适合外地游客整体游览,所以建议可以通过游中华门城堡来了解整个南京明城墙!

中英文对照导游词

北京天安门 中英文导游词Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps: 1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony) 2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower. 3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed. 4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites. 5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”. During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities. On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution. The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept. The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west. The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament. The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely. In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration. On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\\\\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper. Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st. Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features. 2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC); 2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.); 3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.); 4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.) The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949. 3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value. On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai. At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are: 1) The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi; 3) The Revolution of 1911; 4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919; 5) The May 30th Movement of 1925; 6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi; 7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945; 8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”. 4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977. The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children. Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country. In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him. On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country. Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999. 各位游客朋友: 我们我们现在已经来到了天安门广场。

大家可以看一下,我们现在的位置是在天安门广场南北方向的中轴线上,距我们南面的人民英雄纪念碑大约有100米左右的距离。

我们今天在天安门广场游览的时间是30分钟。

大家向我这里聚一下,我先给大家简要介绍一下天安门广场的主要景观。

(手势,向北指)大家先向这边看。

(稍停顿,待游客目光集中于手指方向)我爱北京--天-安-门。

一会儿,我会向大家详细介绍天安门的的沧桑历史。

除了天安门城楼外,我还要向您介绍天安门前的金水桥、以及桥前的华表和石狮。

大家回一下头,您看到了,这就是庄严挺拔的人民英雄纪念碑了,随后我也将向您讲一讲她的故事。

纪念碑南边的建筑就是毛主席纪念堂,我们今天的行程没有安排大家瞻仰毛主席遗容,如果您有意去的话,可以告诉我,我会尽量满足您的愿望。

天安门广场东侧的建筑是中国革命历史博物馆,这里陈列了大量珍贵的革命历史文物。

和她相对着的,(手势,向西指)西边的这座建筑,就是非常著名的人民大会堂。

关于她,一会儿我也会向您做详细介绍。

好好好,大家现在可以在广场上拍照留念。

拍照前我给大家提个醒,大家尽量避免站在这条中轴线上拍照,旗杆可能会影响您的拍摄效果。

另外,大家如果在纪念碑前拍照的话,建议您到纪念碑的那一侧去拍,在这边是逆光,会影响照片的效果。

给大家10分钟时间,拍完照请到这里集合,我在这里等大家. 下面我首先为大家介绍一下天安门城楼。

天安门原为明清两代皇城的正门,始建于明永乐十五年(1417),最初叫做承天门,取承天启运,受命于天之意。

清顺治八年(1651年)重修而改名天安门,含受命于天和安邦治民的意思。

至今已有580多年的历史了,是全国重点文物保护单位。

天安门城楼,建筑在巨大条石砌成的须弥座式城台上,造型庄重浑厚,宏伟典雅,是中国传统建筑艺术的典型代表作之一。

城楼通高34.7米。

城台上的大殿宽九楹(62.77米),进深五楹(27.25米),象征封建帝王的九五至尊。

大殿为重檐歇山式,朱墙黄琉璃瓦顶。

南面设有菱花隔扇门、窗36扇,殿内外立有直径2米的巨柱60根,天花、斗拱、梁枋等处、均绘满了最高等级的金龙和玺彩画,金碧辉煌,极为雄伟壮观。

1988年的元旦,天安门城楼正式对外向游客开放。

在天安门高大的暗红城墙中辟有五个券洞门,明清时代,这里的门、桥行走规制森严,中门为皇帝进出专用。

皇帝每年冬至往天坛祭天,夏至去地坛祭地,孟春赴先农坛耕籍田,都要出入天安门。

那么,在当时,是不是只有皇帝一人才能进出中门呢

这位朋友答的对,不是。

大家知道还有什么人可以走这里吗

(稍做停顿)让我来告诉大家。

此外,皇帝的父母可从中门入宫;皇帝大婚,皇后可从中门进入一次;新科状元等金殿传胪后,可从中门出宫一回。

除此之外,严禁任何人进出,否则是要治重罪的。

中门左右的两座旁门,供宗室王公和三品以上文武百官通行。

过去天安门是座只进喜,不出丧的吉祥之门 好好天安门的设计者是蒯(kuǎi)祥。

蒯祥是江苏吴县人,明初洪武年间生于木匠家庭,他的父亲是一位有名望的木工师傅,能主建大型工程。

蒯祥受父亲影响,从小学艺,勤奋好学,聪慧过人,三十来岁时,已成为才华出众的木工匠师了。

燕王朱棣,也就是后来的永乐皇帝,经靖难之役取得帝位后,决定从南京迁都北京。

永乐四年至十八年(1406-1420),明成祖朱棣调集全国各地的能工巧匠前来北京营建工程巨大、难度极高的天安门(初名承天门)等宏伟建筑。

蒯祥以高超的设计方案和精湛的建筑技艺,被推选为皇宫工程的建筑设计师。

当时人们尊称他为蒯鲁班。

蒯祥曾担任建筑皇家宫殿的官吏,直至工部左侍郎等官职,为中国的民族建筑艺术创下了光辉的业绩。

天安门是明清两朝历代帝王金凤颁诏的重地,凡遇国家庆典、新帝即位、皇帝结婚、册立皇后,都需要在此举行颁诏仪式。

届时于城楼大殿前正中设立宣诏台。

由礼部尚书在紫禁城太和殿奉接皇帝诏书,盖上御宝,把诏书敬放在云盘内,捧出太和门,置于抬着的龙亭内,再出午门,登上天安门城楼。

然后将诏书恭放于宣诏台上,由宣诏官进行宣读。

文武百官按等级依次排列于金水桥南,面北而跪恭听。

宣诏完毕,就把皇帝诏书衔放在一只木雕金凤的嘴里,再用黄绒绳从上系下,礼部官员托着朵云盘在下跪接,接着用龙亭将诏书抬到礼部,经黄纸誊写,分送各地,布告天下。

这种颁发封建帝王圣旨礼仪的全过程,就叫做金凤颁诏。

好好我国古代有人生四喜的说法,也就是久旱逢甘霖,他乡遇故知,洞房花烛夜,金榜题名时。

现在,问大家一个有意思的问题,哪位朋友知道,金榜题名的金榜张贴在什么地方

(稍停,待游客猜测)到底在哪里呢

请听我下文分解。

明清时代盛行科举制度,每逢殿试后的第三天,新考中的进士们恭立于天安门金水桥南,等候传呼他们进太和殿朝拜皇帝的礼仪,名叫金殿传胪。

当在太和殿传胪唱名后,礼部官员捧着皇帝钦定的黄榜,带领新科状元、榜眼、探花们出午门,再将黄榜放在龙亭内,在鼓乐仪仗的簇拥下抬出天安门,将黄榜张贴于龙门,也就是当时的长安左门外的龙棚里,公布天下,这里就是张贴金榜的地方,长安左门的位置大致是现在的劳动人民文化宫门前东南侧。

天安门历经沧桑,在新中国成立后,更焕发出了耀人的光彩。

1949年的10月1日,主席在天安门城楼上向全世界宣布了社会主义新中国的诞生,天安门不再是至高无上的封建皇权的象征,而成为了一个新生的人民民主国家的标志,在国徽图案的中央,我们可以看到这座庄严雄伟的建筑。

建国以后,这里成为国家举行重大庆典活动的场所,特别是每逢国庆,党和国家领导人都要登上天安门城楼主持庆典并和各界群众联欢。

天安门前的金水河又称御河、外金水河。

河上横跨七座石桥,中桥正对天安门的中门,叫御路桥,最宽大,雕龙修饰,供帝、后专用。

两旁桥名王公桥,为宗室王公行走。

外侧的两桥称品级桥,供三品以上官员通行。

以上五桥均为三孔。

位于太庙(今劳动人民文化宫)和社稷坛(今中山公园)门前的单孔石桥,叫公生桥,为四品以下官员过往。

那时门、桥行走等级森严,不得有丝毫触犯。

天安门前,也是明清两代进行秋审和朝审的地方。

封建王朝的最高执法机关--刑部衙门,每年五月要把全国各省被判死刑的囚犯名单汇集起来,敬呈皇帝过目。

八月中旬,皇帝诏令有关官员在天安门前进行最后判决,这叫秋审。

朝审则在霜降后举行,主要终审在北京刑部监狱里关押的死刑犯。

这就是为什么以前被判处死刑的人要秋后问斩。

凡经秋审、朝审判处死刑的人,立即推出虎门--长安右门,押赴宣武门外的菜市口等刑场处决。

因此人们对长安左、右门,有龙门与虎门之称。

即凡出'龙门者,荣登金榜,前程似锦;而押出虎门者,则被终判死罪,毫无生还之望。

长安右门的位置大致是在现中山公园门前西南侧。

在天安门南北门外,分别耸立有一对雕刻精美、挺拔秀丽的云龙华表。

据《淮南子·主术训》记载,远在尧舜时代就有街头设表木的做法,用以王者纳谏,征求民众意见以治天下。

到秦汉时期,表木被改为指路标,叫华表。

后来华表经不断美化,便逐渐演变成为中国独具民族建筑特色的艺术装饰品,深为世人所青睐。

系神话传说中的神异物,用汉白玉石雕成蹲于每支华表顶端的承露盘中,双目炯炯有神,密切注视前方。

于天安门里的 脸朝北,双目紧盯皇宫,名望君出,它提醒皇帝不要迷恋深宫生活,而应及时出宫巡视,以利治理天下。

在天安门外一对华表的 则脸朝南,双目向远方眺望,名望君归。

它时时关注皇帝外巡中的行为举止,如不检点或时间长了,望君归就呼唤帝王不得沉米山水、野趣、而应早日回宫,料理国家大事。

好好天安门金水桥前的这一对大石狮,雕工精绝,造型逼真,威武异常。

它们的双目都紧紧注视着天安门前正中的御道(中轴线),以体现它们是封建帝王忠实的卫士身份。

朋友们来看西边的这一只石狮,它的肚皮上有一个深深的洞,这是怎么回事呢

这里有一个很有传奇色彩的故事,据说明代崇祯十七年(1644年)四月,农民起义军首领闯王李自成攻打北京时,当他率军冲进天安门前的T形广场后,只见皇城的大门--承天门就在眼前。

对此,他愤怒地拈弓搭箭,只听嗖….的一声,正射中承天门匾额的天字,顿时众军喝彩,欢声雷动,随后李闯王收起硬弓,挺枪跃马一直奔金水桥冲杀过去。

突然,桥头的两只大石狮张牙舞爪,凶猛阻挡去路。

闯王见此怒不可遏,挺枪刺去,即刻火花四溅,长枪戳向了一只狮子的腹部。

双狮见势不妙,拖着悲惨的哀鸣声,各自退回了原位。

现在的这个洞,就是枪伤疤了。

朋友们,我们面前的这条街就是有神州第一街美誉的长安街。

长安街,当年从长安左门至东单牌楼,名东长安街;从长安右门至西单牌楼,叫西长安街。

古时东西长安街仅3.7公里,有十里长街之称,这是京城历史上有名的天街,其名取自盛唐时代的大都城--长安,含长治久安的之意。

长安街修筑于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406-1420),与皇城同时建造,是明代兴建北京城总体规划的重要组成部分之一。

东西平行走向的长安街,与纵横南北八公里长的御道中轴线,在天安门前正好垂直相交成准确的十字型经纬座标中心点,从而构成了北京城座北朝南,街巷纵横的总体布局。

原东、西长安左、右门前分别均竖有巨型下马碑,上刻官员人等,到此下马。

古代皇宫内是严禁骑马的,除非是金殿传胪时的新科状元,可骑皇帝御赐的高头大马,在长安街上走过,以示皇恩浩荡。

清王朝灭亡后,内城墙中东西两侧的建国门与复兴门在民国二十九年(1940)被打开的。

新中国成立以后,街面被展宽为50-100米,东西长安街的延伸线东达通州,西抵石景山,总长50公里,有百里长街的美称。

大家现在随我通过地下通道去天安门广场,上下台阶时请您注意安全。

(天安门广场) 我们现在处的这个位置是天安门广场,位于北京城的中心。

其南北长880米,东西宽500米,占地面积44万平方米。

可容纳100万人举行盛大的集会、游行,是当今世界上最宏大的城市中心广场和最著名的旅游胜地之一。

在明清时代,天安门广场是一处皇家禁地,由宫墙围护,仅设三门。

即南有大明门(清朝改称大清门,辛亥革命后叫中华门)、东有长安左门、西有长安右门。

三门之间形成一个封闭式的T字形宫廷广场,原是天安门前举行皇家活动的重要场所。

在T形广场的东、西、南三面,当时建有通脊联檐的朝房144间,名叫千步廊,以供场内活动之用。

清代乾隆年间,又在东、西长安左、右门外加筑三座门,严禁行人过往。

那时人们来往于东城和西城之间,需要绕行于大清门以南或地安门以北,极为不便。

在天安门T形广场东、西千步廊外的大片地带,原是明清两代皇家最高官署衙门的集结之地。

如:东侧(今历史博物馆一带)有礼部、户部、吏部、工部、兵部、宗人府、鸿胪寺、钦天监和太医院等中央文职机关。

西侧(人民大会堂一带)设有銮仪卫(御林军)太常寺、通政司和前、中、后、左、右五军都督府等武职机构。

过去有文东武西和东掌生、西掌死之说,指的就是这些关系到人们生死荣辱的封建王朝的最高权力衙门而言。

明清两朝,从天安门T形广场南端的大明门(清时叫大清门,今毛主席纪念堂一带)至正阳门之间,有一块方形场地,宛如棋盘,故有棋盘街之名。

当年人们喜爱在此贩卖风味小吃、小百货,以及表演戏曲、杂耍等,情似庙会,非常热闹。

由于

求南京景点导游词(中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷公园、总统府、夫子庙、中华门),今年考英语导游证,求资料

这个在这里不可能都打出来的。

去买一本导游词的书就好了呀。

南京中华门有那些景点

一般坐公交车停靠的站是中华门内,过了中华门就是,中华门现在是一个旅游景点。

南京中华门有那些景点

中华门,明代称门,为南京古城墙13个城门中规大的城堡式城门,是当今世界上保存最完好构最复杂的古城堡,被列为全国重点文物保护单位,国家AAAA级旅游景点,江苏省爱国主义教育基地。

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