
哪位英语高人帮忙翻译一下西汉南越王墓4导游词
At present, only unearthed in the corner of South King Palace, Palace of the group of less than 1%, yet the main part of his palace. Because it is now casual water unearthed only 22 meters, yet to see a higher level and the threshold, it is estimated that the North Hall of the wall on the 1st of more than 50 meters in length. Have information on, the early Han Dynasty in Xi'an长乐宫building from east to west前殿Zhangting 50, and up to 200 meters while未央宫. Based on current clues, hidden in the underground palace of South Vietnam should be a lot of blocks! And each are a group of buildings. South King Palace is based on the construction of the Western Han Chang'an, Chang'an town has未央宫,长乐宫, Mingguang Palace, Palace and other GUI palaces, and each function of the palace is not the same, is that the emperor未央宫leaders North Korea will群臣place, and it is the emperor长乐宫Empress office and bedroom. King had been unearthed in South Vietnam and India have a Chang'an Palace is the seal, and now I unearthed the Chang'an Palace Hall will do? According to the Western Han Chang'an city planning, city未央宫in the southwest, southeast长乐宫in the city, and Jianzhang Palace in the west outside the city.未央宫and are built in长乐宫Longshou high plateau on the ground, use of the topography of the parents to highlight the emperor and took control of the commanding heights of the city, in favor of cities and the emperor's own security. Han emperor Liu Bang长乐宫received in the initial朝贺when civil and military群臣proudly said: I do know that the noble king. One of the palace is now the site is the Yu Shan in ancient high ground, is located southeast of the city of赵佗side, the location and the location of the Western Han Dynasty长乐宫similar to the southeast side is the Royal Garden for royal leisure and recreational purposes. Therefore, I will be长乐宫Hall? Worth considering. Guangzhou municipal government has planned the construction site of the Department of the South Vietnamese museums Palais des Nations, it is estimated that more than 10 billion to spend. Only to the cost of the current has reached more than 500 million yuan, not including the cost of the relocation of house demolition. Mayor Lin said: The loss of land for construction of a few can be the loss of the value of heritage can not come with money count. Wealth left behind by our ancestors can not be defeated by the hands of our generation. 2, the Western Han Dynasty King Nanyue
哪位英语高人帮忙翻译一下西汉南越王墓5导游词
Western Han Dynasty is located in the liberation of South Road of King Kong as a hill, is the Kingdom of the Western Han Dynasty in the early years of second-generation South Vietnamese ignorant of the tomb of Zhao. Zhao Mei is the grandson of the more carry on the back, known as Wen, 137 BC to 122 years in office. Discovered in 1983, the archaeological finds in the line Xi Wen The Indian side as well as the chapter of Zhao Mei Indian jade, to prove the identity of the tomb owner. Level off hilltops for the hills South King, from Split Rock岗as 20 meters, carved a Plane convex竖character, from the front of the east and the west side of open hole horizontal ear into room, open up the south slope墓道. To the rock tomb replica soongorica sleep before the Church of the shapes after the underground structure, with 24 stone墓顶coverage, and then layered together to lay a solid foundation. Replica tomb built his residence, tomb ride south, a total of 7 d after the first three rooms, 12.5 meters wide, 10.85 meters long. Home owner in the back room, after the lobby of the Treasury, the former Department of things for the ear room for rear things侧室. From a total of 15 objects, of which 4 were姬妾, servant 7. Before the front room walls and roof are all decorated with ink and white satin cloud patterns; East Room is the banquets Appliances ears, there are bronze bells, stone chimes and mention extinguishers, Fang, Pei, such as wine and board, such as six-Bo; Room ears are weapons, vehicles, horses, armor, arrows, Goshiki Healing Stone and living supplies, possession of the treasures, in particular, precious银盒from the Persian, African ivory,漆盒, smoked and deep-blue glass furnace . These relics prove that the country of South Vietnam during the early or pre-Guangzhou with Persia and the east coast of Africa, there are sea-borne trade. The rear of the main room center, the main room for the owner of the tomb coffin, wearing a silk thread owner jade clothes, carry the seal 9, the largest one as a line Xi Wen Dragon Jinyin button, in addition to the tiger Varicorhinus button Indian Emperor , turtle button Yasuko golden chapter of Indian as well as the owner of the tomb, Zhao Mei India and other jade.姬妾possession of the eastern side of the room for room, object姬妾4 per capita and India have a wife. Easement on the west side of the room for the kitchen, the objects 7, no coffin, rear room of pigs, cattle, sheep三牲. Room after the possession of the Treasury for the storage of food, there are nearly a hundred pieces of large-scale copper, iron, ceramic cooking utensils and containers. A total of over a thousand pieces of archaeological finds (sets), the Indian is the first emperor of Han Dynasty unearthed in Jinyin. These archaeological finds in the study of Qin and Han Dynasties to work Lingnan development, production, culture, trade, construction, etc. as well as the history of South Vietnam and other countries are of great value. King of the South Vietnamese text unearthed, as the modern Chinese archaeologists found one of the top five freshmen. South Western Han Dynasty King museum has not opened up. Are on the mausoleum and some precious relics for more detail. [Large stone chamber tomb paintings] Large stone chamber tomb painting is a large stone chamber tomb of the Western Han Dynasty, is the owner of the tomb on behalf of the South Vietnamese country's second king, Zhao Mei (赵佗the Sun), more than 2,000 years ago. In 1983, in the liberation of North Hill Gang as a site of this tomb was found in depth of 20 meters underground, with more than 750 building blocks of sandstone boulders. The tomb of an area of about 100 square meters, hours before and after the two parts, a total of seven rooms. Before the middle room, rooms are painted on all sides and at the top have Chinese, Mexican and white moire pattern, a symbol of朝堂. Residual slope墓道long 10.46 meters, width 2.36 - 2.59 meters.墓内before and after the two parts, each with one pairs of Shihmen fan. King is the Lingnan region of South Vietnam discovered the largest and most diverse archaeological finds, in his capacity as owner of the tomb were the highest specifications of a tomb is found in China so far during the first large stone chamber tomb mural painting. The underground tomb of treasure can be a total of unearthed cultural relics of various kinds of more than 1000 pieces (sets), the connotation of a very rich, particularly in copper, iron, pottery, jade the largest share of the four. And line Xi Wen The archaeological excavations in China and India are found for the first time the Emperor in India Yuxi, the most valuable. King of the South Vietnamese found that their social, historical, cultural and scientific value of the land has not only shocked the Lingnan, and alerted the country, the world-famous, from the archaeological community, the community to the media, are surprising. Some evaluation of this is the countless people struggling to explore the 2000 years of secrecy, China's archaeological history of the discovery of one of the most glorious.'s Tomb of the baby was described as: Treasures from the brilliant, golden, sparkling silver Jade is the most, Biyu treasure, rare treasure, Han-yu must of valuable goods, there are many rare, first, only, unique absolutely fine, can not be replaced and the top rating. Xinhua News Agency as the broadcast and the People's Daily published articles and other media, the whole world is a strong feeling that the Chinese ancient culture of the Lingnan region of the shock, at the same time, but also stimulate people to search for the tomb of赵佗hope seems lost exposed
哪位英语高人帮忙翻译一下西汉南越王墓3导游词
In 1997 the city Department of Cultural Affairs in the original plans for the construction of 51 foreign compound layer Sindh Cultural Square. 3-5 meters underground palace found in the entire Department of Royal Garden meandering stone Shiqu, 150 meters long, 4000 square meters has been excavated, is an artificial water garden. Shiqu tortuous, from west to east, drainage density Shop at the end of black gravel. Tung Tau have a meniscus-shaped stone pool, pool found the wreckage of hundreds of turtles, that it was raising the pond turtles, turtles may bepreference, so long life.sodu have stone steps and stone, even outside the. Shiqu bending for which there are two limits of the drainage water and water blocking weirs, so as to form and sparkling blue water. Shiqu iron in there and leaves,Gyoen visible fruit and flowers are planted. Royal Garden can imagine all bridges, fruit fragrance, flowers, flowers, turtles reptiles, fish Xiang shallow end of a very elegant leisure, one Lingnan garden landscape scenery. Shiqu connect a large reservoir of water, and dark wooden trough exports to the Pearl River drainage, and maintain continuous flow all the year round. Royal Garden song Drainage Design Science, building sophisticated, full of fun, is an ancient landscape architecture landscape quality, to achieve a fairly high level. Royal Garden at the site of a total of seven times the overlap layer and found that the Qin, the South Vietnamese country, the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Southern Dynasties, Tang, Song period relic sites. Also found that all 83 wells during the period, During the country from South Vietnam to the Republic of China, and Doi, brick wells, tile wells, wooden wells, ring wells and pottery bamboo ring wells, reflecting the different cultural characteristics of the construction period. It is interesting to note that in particular gossip brick wells, eight vertical line block cross between brick brick, into the eight trigrams of the form, we can see that the ancients had to understand the principle of rigid mechanical structure, the building is indeed a very high technical level of wells.Ancient Chinese wooden architecture are building, orbuilding, where the ancient city like Rome, built of stone knot in the ruins of the Qin and Han Dynasty in China is unique, does the Panyu has been building technology into the West? Of course, there will be the ground or wood construction, but only out of South Vietnam when the Western Han Dynasty set fire to it. Qu bending and drainage flow, separated by Jing Jing, small and, to the natural landscape in the courtyard between the microfilm, is a typical feature of the Oriental garden; completely different from the Western landscape with geometric symmetry box, made exhaustive list of garden-style (such as France Chateau de Versailles). We believe thatThis stone is like building Rome, technologies, and combined with the Oriental style of gardening is that the South Vietnamese Royal Garden Palais des Nations Department of the National first character of the most prominent examples.[South Vietnamese country palace ruins]The center of the palace is in the early 2000 archaeologists discovered about 500 square meters of the palace site on the 1st, where we can clearly see the two former South Vietnam in 2000 the palace of the King casual water in the Tang Dynasty 1,300 years ago paving the corridor , 1000 4 years ago, the South Han Palace stone plinth pier foundation trench, as well as the structure of various types of construction sites. Bottom line we can see that there are cobbled rocks. According to the archaeological director of the Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the ancient palace-chu Liu archaeologists study presented here, which is usually gravel with Shop in the ancient palace of the ground under the eaves, rainwater is used to access the casual water.Structure of the Han Dynasty to gravel for the casual water is a class limit, if the ground around the palace roof were covered with casual water is a standard Palace, shops on both sides is the only criteria Wang. From this site, the north and east of the palace have paved the gravel casual water, in accordance with the laws of China Construction symmetry, has not yet been unearthed in the west and south should also be paved with. In other words, this palace is the palace of South Vietnam in accordance with the construction of the Han. From the size, it may be the office of the local South Vietnamese Wang.believe that the palace must have more than one hall, there are similar Hall of Supreme Harmony in Beijing, China and the Middle Temple, Paul and Hall do? 30 years from his palace by the archaeologicalInspection to determine, and now unearthed a large hall, the south will no longer have a hall, it is estimated that more should be in the area west of the palace.
广东中山市中文导游考试口语有那几篇导游词
求已考考生解答
口试部分(导游服务能力)中文考生涵盖“语言技巧”、“景点知识”、“常规服务”、“应变知识”、“个性展示”五个科目。
外语类考生除以上五个科目外,增加“中外互译”、“短文复述”两科。
(1)语言技巧:语言的准确性、逻辑性、严谨性,普通话的语音、语调、语速以及表情运用等。
(2)景点知识:对景点知识的掌握及导游讲解的艺术。
(3)常规服务:对导游服务程序与标准的掌握,以及运用能力。
(4)应变知识:旅游活动中特殊事故的预防、处理的规范要求。
(5)个性展示:导游在接团过程中应具备的满足游客需要,调动游客情绪,个性突出,才艺俱佳的表现能力。
(6)中外互译:导游讲解过程中现场翻译能力和听力水平。
(7)短文复述:通过现场随机抽取短文进行复述,考察考生对外语的理解与运用能力。
从本次考试开始,口试考试内容改为:景点增加至八个,取消市景点;导游规范、应变能力题目各增加一题,具体要求和分值详见考试指南。
3.本次口试指定景点: (1)中文景点: 南海西樵山、越秀公园、新会圭峰山风景区、西汉南越王墓、鼎湖庆云寺、阳春凌霄岩、连州地下河、南澳岛(八个景点根据抽签考其中1个)。
(2)英语、日语景点:广东概况(必考);越秀公园、鼎湖庆云寺、新会圭峰山风景区、西汉南越王墓(四个景点根据抽签考其中1个)。
(3)本次小语种口试指定景点:广东概况(必考);中山纪念堂、陈家祠、世界地质公园—丹霞山、开平碉楼与立园(考生抽签取其中一个景点进行讲解) (二)考试分数计算:笔试“导游综合知识”(上、下午成绩合计)满分800分,合格分为480分;口试“导游服务能力”满分200分,合格分为120分;加考笔试“广东导游基础知识”满分220分,合格分为132分。
新考生必须笔试和口试同时合格才能通过考试,加考考生加考科目合格即可通过考试。
新考考生的笔试或口试成绩合格,下一次报考只需加考尚未合格的科目。
(三)口试“导游服务能力”在2014年10月15日至11月14日之间完成(每位考生考试时间为30分钟)。
各口试点须在2014年8月20日前上报考务有关工作计划,并在口试结束后第二天报送口试资料。
(四)准考证领取办法。
考生可在2014年9月10日起登录报名网页账号,点击“打印准考证”,按《考试须知》要求打印准考证(毁坏、遗失准考证的可再次打印)。
满城汉墓英语导游词
汉阳陵就在西铜高速公路和西安机场高速公路的交汇处附近,建有地下博物馆,从市区去咸阳机场都会经过这里。
市区有3-16路车(编号就是3-16,不是3到16呀)从万寿北路口开出,经停站包括西安火车站,到达汉阳陵。
汉阳陵 阳陵是汉景帝刘启及其皇后王氏同茔异穴的合葬陵园,位于今陕西省咸阳市渭城区正阳镇张家湾、后沟村北的咸阳原上, 地跨咸阳市渭城区、泾阳县、高陵县三县区。
1990年5月以来,陕西省考古研究所对汉景帝阳陵进行了较大规模的调查、测绘、钻探、发掘和研究,取得了许多令人瞩目的发掘研究成果。
阳陵陵园平面呈不规则葫芦形,东西长近6公里,南北宽1至3公里,面积约12平方公里。
由帝陵,后陵,南、北区从葬坑,刑徒墓地,陵庙等礼制建筑,陪葬墓园及阳陵邑等部分组成。
帝陵座西面东,居于陵园的中部偏西;后陵、南区从葬坑、北区从葬坑、一号建筑基址等距分布于帝陵四角;嫔妃陪葬墓区和罗经石遗址位于帝陵南北两侧,左右对称;刑徒墓地及三处建筑遗址在帝陵西侧,南北一字排列;陪葬墓园棋盘状分布于帝陵东侧的司马道两侧;阳陵邑则设置在陵园的东端。
整个陵园以帝陵为中心,四角拱卫,南北对称,东西相连,布局规整,结构严谨,显示了唯我独尊的皇家意识和严格的等级观念。
阳陵帝、后陵均为亚字形,座西面东的探明,在西汉十一陵考古中是第一次。
这次发现基本解决了学术界关于汉陵面南还是面东这一长期争论不休的难题,否定了汉代帝陵依照昭穆制度进行布局的论点,解决了汉代帝陵制度研究的一大难题。
帝陵园内86座从葬坑的钻探发现和试掘为汉陵的田野调查、钻探和发掘提出了新的课题,为帝陵制度的研究开辟了新的视野。
这些从葬坑的分布和坑内陪葬物品的放置,无疑与当时宫廷的制度等有关,因而对这批从葬坑的发掘和研究,对汉代宫廷制度、帝王生活、陪葬习俗的研究都具有重大价值。
帝陵陵园南门阙是目前发掘的时代最早,等级最高,规模最大,保存最好的三出阙遗址,它的发掘对于门阙的起源、发展,门阙制度的形成、影响,以及中国古代建筑史的研究等有着重要作用。
此外,南阙门遗址还出土有目前发现最早的砖质围棋盘、陶质脊兽和最大的板瓦等。
位于帝陵东南、后陵正南的南区从葬坑和帝陵西北的北区从葬坑,分别占地96000平方米。
90年-97年,先后对南区的14座坑进行了部分试掘或整体发掘,这些坑中有排列密集的武士俑群,有堆放粮食的仓库,还有牛、羊、猪、狗、鸡等陶质动物及成组的陶、铁、铜质生活用具,全面展现了汉代的军旅场景,可能与西汉时期的南军、北军有一定关系。
罗经石遗址位于帝陵东南。
此处地形隆起,外貌呈缓坡状。
根据考古钻探得知,遗址平面近方形,边长约260米,外围有壕沟环绕。
遗址中心部分的最高处放置着一块方形巨石,当地群众叫做罗经石,经测定为正南北方向。
据研究推测,它可能为修建阳陵时标定水平、测量高度和标示方位之用,是目前世界上发现的最早的测量标石 。
这处建筑遗址地势高亢,布局规整,规模宏大,应该是阳陵陵园中最重要的礼制性建筑之一。
刑徒墓地在帝陵西北约1.5公里处,其面积达8万平方米,70年代初被发现,估计葬于此地的刑徒在万人以上。
72年发掘了其中的29座墓葬,发现了35具人骨架,其墓葬排列无序,尸骨凌乱,相互枕籍,埋葬草率,均无陪葬品。
骨架上大多戴有钳、釱等类铁制刑具,有的还有明显的砍斫痕迹。
陪葬墓园区西起帝陵东侧约1100米处,东到马家湾乡米家崖村塬边。
全长2350米,占地约3.5平方公里。
整个墓区被壕沟分成若干个方块,成为墓园,这些墓园东西成排,南北成列,呈棋盘状分布。
这次发现的陪葬墓园数量众多,围沟完整,布局规整,排列有序,显然是经过精心设计和安排的。
这一发现在西汉十一座帝陵的考古研究中是首次的,具有重要的研究价值。
1998年以来,陕西省委、省政府根据我省实际情况,结合汉阳陵遗址分布密集、规模宏大,地上、地下文物资源十分丰富等特点,本着滚动开发的原则,在核心区内征用了2894亩文物保护和建设用地,拟将汉阳陵建成一个功能、设施、质量等均为世界一流的大遗址保护和社会效益、经济效益、环境效益统一的汉文化综合旅游风景区。
1999年9月30日,经陕西省文物局评审验收,汉文化旅游景区的先期工程--汉阳陵考古陈列馆正式竣工并向社会开放。
陈列馆陈列面积1400平方米,展线350米,展出文物1770件。
同时,还限制性开放了南区从葬坑、罗经石遗址、帝陵排水渠道、南门阙遗址和帝陵从葬坑等六个零散景点。
在今后几年里,陕西省将投巨资开发和建设阳陵,随着阳陵考古事业的发展,这里将会成为世人瞩目的旅游胜地和考古与文物保护基地。
阳陵的考古科研成果是举世瞩目的,它的钻探、发掘、研究成果为西汉帝陵的埋葬、陪葬制度的研究奠定了坚实的基础,为研究西汉社会的政治、经济、文化生活等提供了大量详实的实物资料,为西汉诸陵的考古研究中起到了先导和借鉴的作用,汉阳陵考古陈列馆的对外开放则向世人展示了整个文景之治的盛况。
导游词 王昭君和成吉思汗的故事
提起“昭君出塞”,你道吗这就是汉代王昭君远嫁和亲的事。
在我国古典文,最早提到昭君墓的是唐代杜佑所著《通典》。
王昭君名嫱,西汉南部抹归(今湖北省兴山县)人。
为中国古代四大美女之一。
汉元帝时入宫为宫女。
竟宁元年(公元前33年),匈奴呼韩邪单于入朝求和亲,昭君自愿远嫁匈奴,后被封为宁胡阏氏,这就是历史上有名的“昭君出塞”的故事。
看到这里你们肯定会问:“昭君死后埋葬在哪里呢
”这个问题就由我来解答吧
位于呼和浩特市南9公里的大黑河畔,墓身为人工夯筑的封土堆,高达33米,矗立在一片平畴中,更显其巍峨高耸,姿态雄伟。
远望陵墓呈青黛色。
据说每年“凉秋九月,塞外草衰”的时候,唯有昭君墓上草色青青,因此,历代相传称为“青冢”。
“青冢拥黛”被誉为呼和浩特八景之一。
昭君墓占地1.3公顷。
墓前有平台及阶梯相连;与中原地区汉代帝王陵墓的形制颇近。
第二层平台及墓顶各建有一亭。
伫立墓顶,极目远眺,阴山逶迤峥嵘,平畴阡陌纵横,墓草青青,古木参天。
昭君墓周围景色宜人,加上晨曦或晚霞的映照,墓地的景色似乎时时都有变化。
民间传说昭君墓一日三变,“晨如峰,午如钟,酉如纵”,更增添了昭君墓这一塞外孤坟的神秘色彩。
… … 俗话说:“光说不来是没用的
” 话说回来,我介绍的只是大草原风光的一小部分。
如果你们能来草原,那才是“天苍苍,野茫茫。
风吹草底见牛羊”呢
司马迁导游词150字
司马迁祠墓始建于公元310年,距今己有1600多年的历史。
祠墓是为了纪念世界文化名人,我国西汉时期伟大的史学家、文学家、思想家司马迁而修建的。
祠墓依山就势,建于4个平台之上,占地l04亩。
1982年,国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位。
大家面前的这个门额“汉太史司马迁墓”大匾,是大书法家启功先生的墨迹。
这条古道全用石条铺成,上面有车轮碾轧、风雨侵蚀的痕迹,凸凹不平,是一个千年古道。
春秋时期,韩、赵、魏三家分晋之前,韩城属于晋国。
分晋之后,韩城就属魏国的“西河之地”了。
魏国在这里建了个少梁城,为了开通少梁与河西各地的交通,便在前面这个土崖上开凿了这条大道。
韩城是西周武王的封地,名曰“韩侯国”,因此这条道被称为“韩奕坡”。
“奕”即大的意思,是指这条道是韩城最宽、最长、最古老的一条道。
后来,司马迁祠修建在其北侧,韩城当地人也称其为“司马坡”、“司马古道”。
在韩城流传着一句俗语:“下了司马坡,秀才比驴多”,赞誉韩城地灵人杰,出人才,文人多。
古道最早为土坡,为了防止下雨路泥车滑,北宋时铺砌了石条。
石条上清晰的车辙说明历史上这里交通的繁忙。
古道最早修有3里多地,现保留完整的只剩下300余米。
古道通上去与108国道接壤,可以说它是108国道的前身,800多年前的高速路。
请大家看这座木制牌楼上面的“高山仰止”四个字。
《诗经》上有“高山仰止,景行行止”的诗句。
司马迁在写《史记·孔子世家》时,用这句话赞誉孔子,把这4个字用到这里,也是赞誉司马迁品德高尚,德高如山,世人景仰。
现在大家踏上的这条砖石小道,俗称 “朝神道”。
1668年,韩城县令翟世琪率领芝川民众大规模扩建司马祠,在司马坡上架了一座天桥,把南原的土运到司马祠前,垫起了祠台堂基。
在堂基前方,把有数丈深的沟填平,筑了这条上祠之道——朝神道。
朝神道修得非常有特点,中间低,两边高,晴天作为人行道,下雨天是排水道,一路两用。
前面这些台阶有99级。
为什么要筑99级台阶呢
古人对于不同的数字赋予不同的意义。
古称九为数之极,九九则是至高无上了。
修99级台阶用以比喻司马迁历尽千辛万苦,在史学和文学方面取得了很高成就,有九九归一的意思。
台阶中间这一砖砌牌坊,上书 “河山之阳”。
《史记·太史公自序》中说:“迁生龙门,耕牧于河山之阳。
”这就是其出处。
牌坊两侧的这一副对联是:“圣人光道统,汉史竟经文。
”现在请大家环顾四周。
东边,黄河滔滔,涤荡胸中滞气;西边,梁山苍苍,畜积天人灵光;南边,魏长城蜿蜒作围墙;北边,芝秀河潺潺作腰带。
一派俊秀河山!祠院大门上“太史祠”这3个字,是韩城县令王增琪在清光绪十二年 (1886年)题写的,字迹端庄雄健。
司马祠院是整个司马迁词墓的主体建筑。
祠院由献殿和寝宫组成。
献殿是司马迁后裔祭祖的地方,中间这一石桌是供桌,用来放置供品;桌面刻有琴棋书画和二龙戏珠图案。
献殿的对联上联是:刚直不阿留得正气凌霄汉;下联是:幽而发愤著成信史照尘寰。
横批是:“文史祖宗”。
现在,对司马迁其人及经历作一简单介绍:司马迁,天资聪颖,10岁就能诵读古书。
少年时期在家乡一面读书,一面进行耕牧活动。
19岁跟随父亲到了京城长安,拜孔安国学习《尚书》,拜董仲舒学习《春秋》。
20岁时,在父亲司马谈安排下,游历祖国的名山大川。
他北到九原 (内蒙古包头),南到九嶷山,东到浙江绍兴,西到甘肃崆峒山。
长途跋山涉水,收集历史传闻,考察地理环境,探究民俗风情,为撰写 《史记》积累了丰富的素材。
23岁做了郎中,即皇帝侍卫官,任务是守护宫廷,保护皇上。
公元前110年,司马迁36岁时,父亲司马谈跟随汉武帝到泰山封禅,途中病逝于洛阳。
临终嘱托,要完成 《太史公书》。
公元前108年,司马迁38岁,他继承父亲的职务担任了太史令。
太史令是文官,地位不高,却是皇帝的近臣,负责记载国家大事,记录王侯将相的言行,起草皇帝的诏令,掌管天文、礼仪,制定历法。
是皇帝的顾问。
公元前104年,司马迁与天文历法家邓平、唐都、落下闳等合作,制定了“太初历”。
“太初历”推算19年有7个闰月,完备了二十四节气,对农业生产起到了重要的指导作用。
这一年,司马迁修订了父亲的著作,决定上起黄帝,上至太初,著作 《太史公书》。
司马迁著述的《史记》是我国第一部纪传体通史,堪称我国历史学的奠基之作。
《史记》不仅记录了古代社会的多个方面,而且叙事简约生动,文笔华美。
鲁迅先生曾赞誉 《史记》为“史家之绝唱,无韵之离骚”。
“文史祖宗”这个牌匾是1946年二月初八,司马迁生日那天,芝川镇徐村人敬献的。
还有这两边柱子上立的木刻对联,也是他们1981年敬献的。
那么,为什么单单徐村人为司马迁敬献牌匣呢
在汉朝,宫刑与杀头属同一个级别,满门抄斩,株连九族是其规定。
司马迁后裔为了躲避这场灾难,纷纷逃离家园。
跑到芝川附近的深山,改名换姓,过起了隐居的生活。
他们把司马两字分开,“司”加一竖为“同”,“马”加两点为 “冯”,在新的住所以同、冯为姓了。
司马二门人以徐为姓,暗示余下二门人。
因此,现在的同、冯、徐三姓都是司马后裔。
徐村有一个药王庙,牌坊上写着 “法王行宫”4个字,当地人解读,这4个字反着念就是 “宫行王法”,隐喻“宫刑枉法”,司马迁的后人就是用这样的方式纪念自己的祖先,倾诉着对于祖先遭受不公待遇的愤怒。
这是寝宫,修建于1125年,距今有800多年的历史,保存得非常完整。
“文革”期间也没有遭到破坏。
重要的原因是在《为人民服务》中引用了司马迁的一句话:“人固有一死,或重于泰山,或轻于鸿毛。
”所以就保存下来了。
寝宫正中这个暖阁里,就是司马迁的彩色泥塑像。
像高140厘米,身着太史红袍,手握竹简,面朝北望。
司马迁面部略微朝北,当地流传着这样的说法:“北望李陵,怀念苏武。
”李陵的情况才已向大家介绍了。
那苏武的情况怎样呢?苏武也是司马迁的挚友同僚,汉武帝派他出使西域诸国,被匈奴扣留,遣送到北海牧羊,19年后才回到长安。
司马迁虽忍辱度生,心中还是思念着这两位老友,然而他至死也没有看到他们。
这儿是司马迁的墓冢。
北魏地理学家郦道元在 《水经注》中记叙了他考察司马迁祠墓的所见所闻,书中是这样记载的“墓前有庙,庙前有碑。
西晋永嘉四年,汉阳太守殷济,瞻仰遗文,大其公德,遂建石室,立碑树柏。
”从那时到现在,司马迁墓已有1600多年的历史了。
现在看到的类似蒙古包的墓冢,传说是元世祖忽必烈在1275年敕命建造的,迄今也有720多年了。
墓冢上镶嵌八卦砖雕,比较少见。
八卦是文字产生之前占卜者用来传达神灵意愿的神秘符号,后周文王诠释其意,才有 《易经》。
以后八卦被道家、兵家、阴阳家所使用,成为中国社会一种囊括一切的哲学体系。
据《易经》所载,八卦的原意是“以通神明之德,以类万物之情”,有研究天地万物变化规律之意。
而司马迁著述 《史记》的宗旨是 “究天人之际,通古今之变”,将《易经》的基本理论应用到撰史中来,也可以说是对 《易经》理论的实践和发展。
这大概就是镶嵌八卦符号的用意吧!墓顶这一古柏,分为五枝,人称 “五子登科”。
墓地植柏,是希望逝者英灵如同柏树一样万古长青;命以“五子登科”的美名,是寄寓子孙后代考中状元,多出人才。
墓前的“汉太史司马公墓碑”,是陕西巡抚毕沅1776年题写的。
司马迁祠中,有很多碑文。
最早一通是宋代太常博士韩城县知事李奎题写的。
碑上有这样几何话:“一言遭显戮,将奈汉君何
”“为览遗文来一奠,不知何在子长灵?”这通碑是中国现代杰出的史学家、诗人、政治活动家郭沫若先生的题词:“龙门有灵秀,钟毓人中龙,学殖空前富,文章旷代雄。
怜才磨斧钺,吐气作霓虹。
功业追尼父,千秋太史公。
”对司马迁做了很高评价,也是评价司马迁的千古绝唱。
其他的碑多是功德碑、纪事碑。
2005年是司马迁诞辰2150周年,韩城举办了“风追司马”大型活动。
这是新中国成立以来最大规模的一次纪念司马迁的活动,活动共分三个会场,分别在司马迁祠、太史公文庙和徐村举行。
国内诸多专家名人出席了此次纪念活动。
来自西安各个大学的上千名学子进行长跑签名活动,以此表示对司马迁的尊敬。
这次活动也吸引了大量来自全国各地司马迁的后裔及司马迁的崇拜者近2万。



