中英文对照导游词
北京天安门 中英文导游词Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps: 1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony) 2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower. 3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed. 4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites. 5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”. During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities. On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution. The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept. The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west. The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament. The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely. In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration. On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\\\\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper. Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st. Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features. 2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC); 2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.); 3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.); 4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.) The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949. 3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value. On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai. At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are: 1) The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi; 3) The Revolution of 1911; 4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919; 5) The May 30th Movement of 1925; 6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi; 7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945; 8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”. 4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977. The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children. Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country. In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him. On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country. Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999. 各位游客朋友： 我们我们现在已经来到了天安门广场。
大家可以看一下，我们现在的位置是在天安门广场南北方向的中轴线上，距我们南面的人民英雄纪念碑大约有100米左右的距离。
我们今天在天安门广场游览的时间是30分钟。
大家向我这里聚一下，我先给大家简要介绍一下天安门广场的主要景观。
（手势，向北指）大家先向这边看。
（稍停顿，待游客目光集中于手指方向）我爱北京--天-安-门。
一会儿，我会向大家详细介绍天安门的的沧桑历史。
除了天安门城楼外，我还要向您介绍天安门前的金水桥、以及桥前的华表和石狮。
大家回一下头，您看到了，这就是庄严挺拔的人民英雄纪念碑了，随后我也将向您讲一讲她的故事。
纪念碑南边的建筑就是毛主席纪念堂，我们今天的行程没有安排大家瞻仰毛主席遗容，如果您有意去的话，可以告诉我，我会尽量满足您的愿望。
天安门广场东侧的建筑是中国革命历史博物馆，这里陈列了大量珍贵的革命历史文物。
和她相对着的，（手势，向西指）西边的这座建筑，就是非常著名的人民大会堂。
关于她，一会儿我也会向您做详细介绍。
好好好，大家现在可以在广场上拍照留念。
拍照前我给大家提个醒，大家尽量避免站在这条中轴线上拍照，旗杆可能会影响您的拍摄效果。
另外，大家如果在纪念碑前拍照的话，建议您到纪念碑的那一侧去拍，在这边是逆光，会影响照片的效果。
给大家10分钟时间，拍完照请到这里集合，我在这里等大家. 下面我首先为大家介绍一下天安门城楼。
天安门原为明清两代皇城的正门，始建于明永乐十五年（1417），最初叫做承天门，取承天启运，受命于天之意。
清顺治八年（1651年）重修而改名天安门，含受命于天和安邦治民的意思。
至今已有580多年的历史了，是全国重点文物保护单位。
天安门城楼，建筑在巨大条石砌成的须弥座式城台上，造型庄重浑厚，宏伟典雅，是中国传统建筑艺术的典型代表作之一。
城楼通高34.7米。
城台上的大殿宽九楹（62.77米），进深五楹（27.25米），象征封建帝王的九五至尊。
大殿为重檐歇山式，朱墙黄琉璃瓦顶。
南面设有菱花隔扇门、窗36扇，殿内外立有直径2米的巨柱60根，天花、斗拱、梁枋等处、均绘满了最高等级的金龙和玺彩画，金碧辉煌，极为雄伟壮观。
1988年的元旦，天安门城楼正式对外向游客开放。
在天安门高大的暗红城墙中辟有五个券洞门，明清时代，这里的门、桥行走规制森严，中门为皇帝进出专用。
皇帝每年冬至往天坛祭天，夏至去地坛祭地，孟春赴先农坛耕籍田，都要出入天安门。
那么，在当时，是不是只有皇帝一人才能进出中门呢
这位朋友答的对，不是。
大家知道还有什么人可以走这里吗
（稍做停顿）让我来告诉大家。
此外，皇帝的父母可从中门入宫；皇帝大婚，皇后可从中门进入一次；新科状元等金殿传胪后，可从中门出宫一回。
除此之外，严禁任何人进出，否则是要治重罪的。
中门左右的两座旁门，供宗室王公和三品以上文武百官通行。
过去天安门是座只进喜，不出丧的吉祥之门 好好天安门的设计者是蒯（kuǎi）祥。
蒯祥是江苏吴县人，明初洪武年间生于木匠家庭，他的父亲是一位有名望的木工师傅，能主建大型工程。
蒯祥受父亲影响，从小学艺，勤奋好学，聪慧过人，三十来岁时，已成为才华出众的木工匠师了。
燕王朱棣，也就是后来的永乐皇帝，经靖难之役取得帝位后，决定从南京迁都北京。
永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），明成祖朱棣调集全国各地的能工巧匠前来北京营建工程巨大、难度极高的天安门（初名承天门）等宏伟建筑。
蒯祥以高超的设计方案和精湛的建筑技艺，被推选为皇宫工程的建筑设计师。
当时人们尊称他为蒯鲁班。
蒯祥曾担任建筑皇家宫殿的官吏，直至工部左侍郎等官职，为中国的民族建筑艺术创下了光辉的业绩。
天安门是明清两朝历代帝王金凤颁诏的重地，凡遇国家庆典、新帝即位、皇帝结婚、册立皇后，都需要在此举行颁诏仪式。
届时于城楼大殿前正中设立宣诏台。
由礼部尚书在紫禁城太和殿奉接皇帝诏书，盖上御宝，把诏书敬放在云盘内，捧出太和门，置于抬着的龙亭内，再出午门，登上天安门城楼。
然后将诏书恭放于宣诏台上，由宣诏官进行宣读。
文武百官按等级依次排列于金水桥南，面北而跪恭听。
宣诏完毕，就把皇帝诏书衔放在一只木雕金凤的嘴里，再用黄绒绳从上系下，礼部官员托着朵云盘在下跪接，接着用龙亭将诏书抬到礼部，经黄纸誊写，分送各地，布告天下。
这种颁发封建帝王圣旨礼仪的全过程，就叫做金凤颁诏。
好好我国古代有人生四喜的说法，也就是久旱逢甘霖，他乡遇故知，洞房花烛夜，金榜题名时。
现在，问大家一个有意思的问题，哪位朋友知道，金榜题名的金榜张贴在什么地方
（稍停，待游客猜测）到底在哪里呢
请听我下文分解。
明清时代盛行科举制度，每逢殿试后的第三天，新考中的进士们恭立于天安门金水桥南，等候传呼他们进太和殿朝拜皇帝的礼仪，名叫金殿传胪。
当在太和殿传胪唱名后，礼部官员捧着皇帝钦定的黄榜，带领新科状元、榜眼、探花们出午门，再将黄榜放在龙亭内，在鼓乐仪仗的簇拥下抬出天安门，将黄榜张贴于龙门，也就是当时的长安左门外的龙棚里，公布天下，这里就是张贴金榜的地方，长安左门的位置大致是现在的劳动人民文化宫门前东南侧。
天安门历经沧桑，在新中国成立后，更焕发出了耀人的光彩。
1949年的10月1日，主席在天安门城楼上向全世界宣布了社会主义新中国的诞生，天安门不再是至高无上的封建皇权的象征，而成为了一个新生的人民民主国家的标志，在国徽图案的中央，我们可以看到这座庄严雄伟的建筑。
建国以后，这里成为国家举行重大庆典活动的场所，特别是每逢国庆，党和国家领导人都要登上天安门城楼主持庆典并和各界群众联欢。
天安门前的金水河又称御河、外金水河。
河上横跨七座石桥，中桥正对天安门的中门，叫御路桥，最宽大，雕龙修饰，供帝、后专用。
两旁桥名王公桥，为宗室王公行走。
外侧的两桥称品级桥，供三品以上官员通行。
以上五桥均为三孔。
位于太庙（今劳动人民文化宫）和社稷坛（今中山公园）门前的单孔石桥，叫公生桥，为四品以下官员过往。
那时门、桥行走等级森严，不得有丝毫触犯。
天安门前，也是明清两代进行秋审和朝审的地方。
封建王朝的最高执法机关--刑部衙门，每年五月要把全国各省被判死刑的囚犯名单汇集起来，敬呈皇帝过目。
八月中旬，皇帝诏令有关官员在天安门前进行最后判决，这叫秋审。
朝审则在霜降后举行，主要终审在北京刑部监狱里关押的死刑犯。
这就是为什么以前被判处死刑的人要秋后问斩。
凡经秋审、朝审判处死刑的人，立即推出虎门--长安右门，押赴宣武门外的菜市口等刑场处决。
因此人们对长安左、右门，有龙门与虎门之称。
即凡出'龙门者，荣登金榜，前程似锦；而押出虎门者，则被终判死罪，毫无生还之望。
长安右门的位置大致是在现中山公园门前西南侧。
在天安门南北门外，分别耸立有一对雕刻精美、挺拔秀丽的云龙华表。
据《淮南子·主术训》记载，远在尧舜时代就有街头设表木的做法，用以王者纳谏，征求民众意见以治天下。
到秦汉时期，表木被改为指路标，叫华表。
后来华表经不断美化，便逐渐演变成为中国独具民族建筑特色的艺术装饰品，深为世人所青睐。
系神话传说中的神异物，用汉白玉石雕成蹲于每支华表顶端的承露盘中，双目炯炯有神，密切注视前方。
于天安门里的 脸朝北，双目紧盯皇宫，名望君出，它提醒皇帝不要迷恋深宫生活，而应及时出宫巡视，以利治理天下。
在天安门外一对华表的 则脸朝南，双目向远方眺望，名望君归。
它时时关注皇帝外巡中的行为举止，如不检点或时间长了，望君归就呼唤帝王不得沉米山水、野趣、而应早日回宫，料理国家大事。
好好天安门金水桥前的这一对大石狮，雕工精绝，造型逼真，威武异常。
它们的双目都紧紧注视着天安门前正中的御道（中轴线），以体现它们是封建帝王忠实的卫士身份。
朋友们来看西边的这一只石狮，它的肚皮上有一个深深的洞，这是怎么回事呢
这里有一个很有传奇色彩的故事，据说明代崇祯十七年（1644年）四月，农民起义军首领闯王李自成攻打北京时，当他率军冲进天安门前的T形广场后，只见皇城的大门--承天门就在眼前。
对此，他愤怒地拈弓搭箭，只听嗖….的一声，正射中承天门匾额的天字，顿时众军喝彩，欢声雷动，随后李闯王收起硬弓，挺枪跃马一直奔金水桥冲杀过去。
突然，桥头的两只大石狮张牙舞爪，凶猛阻挡去路。
闯王见此怒不可遏，挺枪刺去，即刻火花四溅，长枪戳向了一只狮子的腹部。
双狮见势不妙，拖着悲惨的哀鸣声，各自退回了原位。
现在的这个洞，就是枪伤疤了。
朋友们，我们面前的这条街就是有神州第一街美誉的长安街。
长安街，当年从长安左门至东单牌楼，名东长安街；从长安右门至西单牌楼，叫西长安街。
古时东西长安街仅3.7公里，有十里长街之称，这是京城历史上有名的天街，其名取自盛唐时代的大都城--长安，含长治久安的之意。
长安街修筑于明朝永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），与皇城同时建造，是明代兴建北京城总体规划的重要组成部分之一。
东西平行走向的长安街，与纵横南北八公里长的御道中轴线，在天安门前正好垂直相交成准确的十字型经纬座标中心点，从而构成了北京城座北朝南，街巷纵横的总体布局。
原东、西长安左、右门前分别均竖有巨型下马碑，上刻官员人等，到此下马。
古代皇宫内是严禁骑马的，除非是金殿传胪时的新科状元，可骑皇帝御赐的高头大马，在长安街上走过，以示皇恩浩荡。
清王朝灭亡后，内城墙中东西两侧的建国门与复兴门在民国二十九年（1940）被打开的。
新中国成立以后，街面被展宽为50-100米，东西长安街的延伸线东达通州，西抵石景山，总长50公里，有百里长街的美称。
大家现在随我通过地下通道去天安门广场，上下台阶时请您注意安全。
（天安门广场） 我们现在处的这个位置是天安门广场，位于北京城的中心。
其南北长880米，东西宽500米，占地面积44万平方米。
可容纳100万人举行盛大的集会、游行，是当今世界上最宏大的城市中心广场和最著名的旅游胜地之一。
在明清时代，天安门广场是一处皇家禁地，由宫墙围护，仅设三门。
即南有大明门（清朝改称大清门，辛亥革命后叫中华门）、东有长安左门、西有长安右门。
三门之间形成一个封闭式的T字形宫廷广场，原是天安门前举行皇家活动的重要场所。
在T形广场的东、西、南三面，当时建有通脊联檐的朝房144间，名叫千步廊，以供场内活动之用。
清代乾隆年间，又在东、西长安左、右门外加筑三座门，严禁行人过往。
那时人们来往于东城和西城之间，需要绕行于大清门以南或地安门以北，极为不便。
在天安门T形广场东、西千步廊外的大片地带，原是明清两代皇家最高官署衙门的集结之地。
如：东侧（今历史博物馆一带）有礼部、户部、吏部、工部、兵部、宗人府、鸿胪寺、钦天监和太医院等中央文职机关。
西侧（人民大会堂一带）设有銮仪卫（御林军）太常寺、通政司和前、中、后、左、右五军都督府等武职机构。
过去有文东武西和东掌生、西掌死之说，指的就是这些关系到人们生死荣辱的封建王朝的最高权力衙门而言。
明清两朝，从天安门T形广场南端的大明门（清时叫大清门，今毛主席纪念堂一带）至正阳门之间，有一块方形场地，宛如棋盘，故有棋盘街之名。
当年人们喜爱在此贩卖风味小吃、小百货，以及表演戏曲、杂耍等，情似庙会，非常热闹。
由于
请求高人帮忙翻译一段导游词，是一段景区规划，有难度，意思在就行了，但要专业，不能机器翻译，拜托了
References [1]余文华, Tao Su, Raj Mittra,刘永峻. Parallel finite difference time domain [M]. Beijing: China's Media University Press, 2005. [2] GE De-biao. Finite difference time domain electromagnetic method [M]. Xi'an: Xidian University Press, 2002. [3] Barry Wilkinson, Michael Allen of. Xin-Da Lu, et al. Parallel program design [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2002. [4] V Kumar, A Gupta, et al. Introduction to Parallel Computing, Second Edition. Photocopy of 1994 English edition: Introduction to Parallel Computing [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2003. [5] Harry F. Jordan, Gita Alaghband. Fundamentals of Parallel Processing. 2003 translation: Chi Lihua, Liu Jie and so on. The basic principles of parallel processing [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2004. [6] are Zhihui. High-performance computing MPI parallel programming parallel programming skills [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2002. [7] Wang Changqing, ZHU Xili. Calculation of electromagnetic fields finite difference time domain method [M]. Beijing: Beijing University Press, 1994. [8] Zhang, Li Bin, LIANG Chang-hong. PC cluster system MPI parallel FDTD Properties [J]. E-Journal, 2005,33 (9): 1694 ~ 16971. [9] Xue Zheng-hui, Shi-Ming Yang, Qing, such as the high. FDTD algorithm for the realization of the network parallel computing [J]. E-Journal, 2003,31 (12): 1839 ~ 18431. [10] Gao Ben-qing. FDTD method [M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1995. [11] Lin-Bo Zhang, Xue-Bin Chi, Mo yao, Li. Introduction to Parallel Computing [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2006. [12] Feng Feng, Gui-Zhen Lu, Guan Yalin. Two-dimensional FDTD algorithm for the realization of the network parallel computing [J]. Journal of Beijing Broadcasting Institute (Natural Science Edition), 2005 02. [13] FENG Ju. FDTD study of parallel computing networks [D]. Sichuan University: 2005. [14] Liang ice. The electromagnetic field based on the MPI FDTD parallel study of the network [D]. National Defense University of Science and Technology, 2004. [15] Yang Xia, GE De-biao, Wei, Zheng Quezon, Ge Ning. FDTD parallel algorithm research: electric and magnetic constitutive parameters are anisotropic case [J]. E-Journal, 2006 09. [16] LIANG. Efficient finite difference time domain study of parallel computing networks [D]. Sichuan University, 2006. [17] Yin-yin, FDTD calculations in antenna theory and applied research [D]. Chinese People's Liberation Army National Defense University of Science and Technology, 2003. [18]] Gui-Zhen Lu, Guan Yalin. Reverberation-Chamber Study of the statistical characteristics of the middle of the [R]. Across the Taiwan Strait in 2005 the three places will be wireless technology academic (CSTRW2005), Beijing. [19] Gui-Zhen Lu, Guan Yalin. Electromagnetic compatibility in measurement techniques Reverberation-Chamber. Journal of Beijing Broadcasting Institute (Natural Science Edition), 2005 No. 3, pp :23-27.
潍坊学院英语导游词作文怎么写
Distinguished leaders, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen:Welcome to Weifang University!Weifang University is approved by the Ministry of education to establish a full-time general undergraduate colleges, with 56 years of history, is now facing the country's 26 provinces and municipalities. Campus covers an area of more than 2000 acres, the construction area of about 700000 square meters of school buildings, teaching and research equipment worth 130 million yuan.Enter college south gate, you now see the main sculpture of the century wind, sculpture 21.03 meters high, built in 2003, marks the Weifang University in twenty-first Century will achieve a new leap and take off. The north wind is the century music fountain square, on weekends and important events, square fountain, surging music flying, this is our warm and vibrant music fountain to express welcome and sincere greetings from the bottom of my heart.The overall plan of the campus is designed by the famous American design company LTC, which combines the idea of the West and East. Adhere to the people-oriented, humanized design, and overall reflect the characteristics of the sky.Toward the north is the executive office building, the office building is located in the center of the college, it is the north of the library. South Gate, music square, office building, library and North Gate in a straight line.Library construction area of more than 27 thousand square meters, 1 million 600 thousand volumes of books, reflecting a long history and culture of the Weifang Cultural Hall of fame, Weifang ancient books are located in which. Library door is named Kai key type of sculpture, marking it will lead the college teachers and students to open the door of knowledge, culture and wisdomSchool things on both sides are symmetrical distribution of the 8 teaching building. Near the office building on both sides of the two large nursery, a green landscape of the campus line.To the north is the artificial lake, called Hongde lake, the southern end of the lake there is a rockery, named Ming shan. Hongde lake, Ming mountain in naming also reflects the very good Weifang University virtue, erudite, practical and innovative spirit of the school motto.On the east side of the college sports ground. 400 meters standard plastic runway, reached the International Olympic standard. Sports field near the other with a Volleyball Hall, basketball hall, wind and rain, etc., to meet the students and teachers, exercise, exercise. Fitness and many other needs.Art sports building. Department of music, the Department of physical education in this organization. It is equipped with high-end piano room and indoor sports venues. The design is elegant, library and art building both won the highest award of Shandong province Taishan Cup project quality engineering award.Now we see a student living area. Students living in the region has seven student apartment buildings and 2 students dining room, dormitory affiliated facilities, public area, humanized design, ensuring that each room in different time can have better lighting.You are now seeing the two student dining hall, which can accommodate more than 10 thousand students at the same time dining. Dining room two, especially with Muslim restaurants, to meet the needs of ethnic minority students.College of the existing staff of more than 1 thousand and 700 people, including 1 full-time teachers hired more than a thousand people, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other well-known experts and professors of more than 70 people, college distinguished professor or part-time. Senior professional titles more than 550 people, doctor, master's 410 people. 41 undergraduate programs, covering science, engineering, agriculture, economics, literature, law, history, education and management of the 9 disciplines, students more than 2 adult education students, and more than 8000 people, distance education students and more than 19000 people, more than 20 foreign students. College credit system management, open up the excellent college students or undergraduate students can enroll in the channel, second minor professional undergraduate, postgraduate enrollment rate per year was more than 25%, one-time employment rate of graduates in recent years has been the forefront of similar institutions in the province. Weifang University has excellent educational traditions and distinctive features, we will further implement the party's education policy, to improve the quality of personnel training and educational benefits as the goal, continue to be based on scientific development, in accordance with the basic party, consolidate and deepen and improve the development of needle, vigorously promote the change two extension of three on four five improvement of the 12345 project, for in the near future to build the college into a complete, reasonable structure, complete facilities, distinctive characteristics, comprehensive university is full of vigor and vitality and strive.Finally, once again, thank you for coming to Weifang University to visit and guide the work, and sincerely welcome you again!尊敬的各位领导、各位嘉宾：欢迎您光临潍坊学院
潍坊学院是经教育部批准建立的一所全日制综合性普通本科院校，具有56年的办学历史，现面向全国26个省市招生。
校园占地面积2000余亩，校舍建筑面积70多万平方米，教学科研仪器设备总值1.3亿元。
进入学院南大门，您现在看到的是世纪风主体雕塑，雕塑高21.03米，于2003年建成，标志着潍坊学院在21世纪将实现新的跨越与腾飞。
往北是世纪风音乐喷泉广场，每当周末以及重要活动时，广场上喷泉涌动、音乐飘扬，这是我们以热情的音乐和动感的喷泉来表达源自心底的最诚挚的欢迎与问候。
校园整体规划是由美国著名的设计公司LTC公司设计的，校园设计较好地融合了东西方建筑理念。
坚持以人为本，人性化设计，并整体体现了天圆地方的特点。
往北正对是行政办公楼，办公楼位于学院的中心位置，它的北面是图书馆。
南大门、音乐广场、办公楼、图书馆和北大门在一条直线上。
图书馆建筑面积27000多平方米，馆藏图书160万册，反映悠久历史文化的潍坊文化名人馆、潍坊古籍馆也座落其中。
图书馆门前是取名为“启”的钥匙型雕塑，标志着它将引领学院师生开启知识、文化与智慧的大门 学院东西两侧是对称分布的8栋教学楼。
靠近办公楼的两侧是两个大的苗圃，形成一道一道绿色的校园风景线。
继续往北是人工湖，名为弘德湖，湖的南端有一座假山，取名明志山。
弘德湖、明志山在命名上也很好的体现了潍坊学院“厚德、博学、求是、创新”的校训精神。
东侧是学院运动场。
400米标准塑胶跑道，达到了国际奥林匹克标准。
运动场附近另设有排球馆、篮球馆、风雨操场等，满足了师生员工运动、锻炼。
健身等多方面的需要。
往北是艺术体育楼。
音乐系、体育系在此组织教学。
其间配备着高档琴房和室内运动场馆。
由于设计美观大方，图书馆和艺体楼双双获得了山东省工程质量最高奖“泰山杯”工程奖。
现在我们看到的是学生生活区。
学生生活区内有七座学生公寓楼和2个学生餐厅，学生宿舍附属设施功能齐全，公共面积大，设计人性化，保证了每个房间在不同时间都能有较好的采光。
您现在看到的是二号学生餐厅，它可以容纳1万多学生同时就餐。
餐厅二楼特别设有穆斯林餐厅，以满足少数民族学生的就餐需要。
学院现有教职工1700多人，其中专任教师1千余人,聘请中科院院士等国内外知名专家、教授70余人任学院特聘或兼职教授。
高级职称550余人,博士、硕士410余人。
本科专业41个，涵盖理学、工学、文学、法学、农学、经济学、历史学、教育学和管理学9大学科门类，在校生2万余人，另有成人教育生8000余人，远程教育在校生19000余人，外国留学生20余人。
学院实行学分制管理，打通了优秀专科生升本科的通道，学生可修读第二辅修专业，本科生考研录取率每年均超过25%，毕业生一次性就业率近年来一直列省内同类院校前茅。
潍坊学院有着优良的办学传统和鲜明的办学特色，我们将进一步贯彻落实党的教育方针，以提高人才培养质量和办学效益为目标，继续立足科学发展，按照“巩固、深化、提高、发展”的基本方针，大力推进“一改二扩三评四上五提高”的“一二三四五”工程，为在近期内把学院建设成为一所门类齐全、结构合理、设施完备、特色鲜明、充满生机与活力的综合性大学而努力奋斗。
最后，再次感谢您莅临潍坊学院参观并指导工作，并真诚欢迎您再次光临
英语导游考试范围主要是哪些
英语导游证考试和中文导游证考试范围是没有区别的。
最大的区别就是面试的时候，考英语导游证的考生全程英文进行，包括：导游词讲解，以及考官问答。
临汾尧庙导游词英文500词
广东省博物馆于1957年开始筹建，1959年10月1日，广东省博物馆及其所辖的广州鲁迅纪念馆正式对外开放。
旧馆馆址在广州市文明路215号中山大学旧址（即原广东贡院旧址），占地面积4.3万㎡，除广州鲁迅纪念馆外，还辖有全国重点文物保护单位——国民党“一大”旧址（包括革命广场）和广东省文物保护单位——红楼等。
筹建之初，广东省博物馆陈列大楼设计原是“U”形的建筑物，主楼向东，右为南副楼，左为北副楼，规划建筑总面积1.4万㎡。
南副楼于1959年上半年落成，楼高三层，面积3500平方米。
主楼和北副楼后因经济困难，没有拨款建设。
改革开放后，为适应人民群众日益增长的文化需求，广东省博物馆在原址上建设了新的陈列大楼。
1992年10月新陈列大楼落成，总建筑面积18700㎡，其中新建陈列大楼12300㎡，陈列面积达6000㎡，为原楼1500㎡的4倍。
自成立以来，在党和政府的亲切关怀下，广东省博物馆通过考古发掘、调拨、购买、接受捐赠等方式征集了大量珍贵文物，并在此基础上深入开展学术研究，举办各种形式和题材的陈列展览，努力向社会提供丰富、优质的公共文化服务，在藏品收藏保管与科技保护、陈列展示、科学研究和教育推广等方面，都取得了长足的发展和丰硕的成果，并于2008年5月获评为全国首批“国家一级博物馆”。
截止2009年12月，通过考古发掘、收购、调拨、接收捐赠等方式，广东省博物馆藏品已达16.6万余（套），其中，一级文物404件，二级文物7284件，三级文物12639件，自然标本、化石4万余件（套）。
馆藏中的古字画、古陶瓷两类传世文物，无论数量还是质量，在全国博物馆中，均名列前茅,尤以“岭南画派”书画藏品丰富而闻名；端砚和潮州木雕独成系列，是极具特色的广东传统工艺收藏品；广东出土文物、广彩瓷器、石湾陶塑、广州牙雕、外销画等极富地方特色；自然标本中的“须鲸骨骼”、“巨型孔雀石”和五吨多重的“信宜玉石”等亦极其珍贵。
此外，广东省博物馆还收藏有图书资料10余万册。
十年来，广东省博物馆推出了许多产生过重大社会影响的大型展览，如《广东历史文物展览》、《广东出土文物展览》、《广东省改革开放成就展览》、《商承祚先生捐赠文物精品展览》、《刘少奇光辉业绩展览》等。
目前，馆内的基本陈列有：《广东历史大观》、《漆木精华 ——潮州木雕艺术展览》、《南海海上丝绸之路》、《广东珍稀动物展览》、《鲁迅生平与纪念》、《国民党“一大”与第一次国共合作史料陈列》等。
这些根据广东历史文化特点和馆藏优势推出的展览，反映了岭南文化悠久的历史文化积淀和丰富的自然资源。
此外，每年还不定期地推出一些各具特色的临时展览。
从开馆到现在，累计举办陈列展览300多个，从1985年至2004年近二十年间，平均每年举办8-9个陈列展览。
接待观众数百万人次。
广东省博物馆于1957年开始筹备，馆址定在文明路6号（今215号）中山大学旧址（即旧贡院）。
陈列大楼设计原是“U”形的建筑物，主楼向东，右为南副楼，左为北副楼，建筑面积约14，000平方米。
南副楼于1959年上半年落成，楼高三层，面积3500平方米。
主楼和北副楼后因经济困难，没有拨款完成。
1959年10月1日，广东省博物馆及其管理的广州鲁迅纪念馆对外开放。
改革开放以后，为适应人民群众日益增长的文化需求，广东省博物馆决定在原址上建设新的陈列大楼。
1992年10月新陈列大楼落成，总建筑面积18700平方米，其中新建大楼12300平方米，陈列面积达6000平方米，为原楼1500多平方米的4倍。
Guangdong Provincial Museum began construction in 1957, October 1, 1959, Guangdong Province Museum and under the jurisdiction of the Guangzhou Lu Xun Memorial Hall opens. The old museum is located in Guangzhou city of civilization Road No. 215 Zhongshan University ( former Guangdong site the site), covers an area of 43000 square meters, in addition to the Guangzhou Lu Xun memorial hall, also have jurisdiction over the national key cultural relics protection units -- the a site ( including the revolution Square ) and Guangdong Province paper relics protection unit -- red etc..At the beginning of the establishment, Guangdong Province museum building design is U shaped buildings, the main building to the East, south side, right, left for the north side building, planning a total construction area of 14000 square meters. The south side building in the first half of 1959 was completed, a three-storey building, area 3500 square meters. The main building and the north side building, due to economic difficulties, no funding construction.After the reform and opening up, in order to meet the growing cultural needs of the people, Guangdong Province Museum on the site of the construction of the new building displays. In 1992 October the new exhibition building was inaugurated, a total construction area of 18700 square meters, of which 12300 square meters of new building displays, display area of 6000 square meters, for the original building 1500㎡4 times.Since its inception, the party and the government under the loving care of Guangdong Province, the museum through archaeological excavation, transfer, purchase, donations and collected a large number of precious cultural relics, and on the basis of in-depth research, holding various forms and themes of the exhibition, and strive to provide rich, high-quality public cultural service in the collection, storage, display and technological protection, scientific research and education etc, have made great strides in the development and fruitful results, and in 2008 May was named the first batch of national museum .As of 2009 December, through archaeological excavation, acquisition, transfer, donations and other means, Guangdong Province Museum has reached more than 16.6 ( sets), in which, a class of 404 cultural relics of 7284 cultural relics, level two, level three of 12639 cultural relics, natural specimens, fossils of more than 4 pieces ( sets). The collection of ancient calligraphy, ancient ceramics two handed artifacts, both quantity and quality, in the National Museum, have come out in front, especially in the south of the Five Ridges school of painting and calligraphy collection rich and famous; Duan and Chaozhou wood into a single series, is very characteristics of Guangdong traditional crafts collections; Guangdong unearthed cultural relics, the color of porcelain, Shiwan Guangzhou ivory carving, pottery, exporting paintings highly local characteristics; natural specimens in whale bones , giant Malachite and five tons of multiple Xinyi jade is also the extremely precious. In addition, Guangdong Province, the museum also has a collection of books of more than 10 books.In ten years, Guangdong Province Museum launched many had great social impact of large-scale exhibition, such as the Guangdong historical relics exhibition , Guangdong unearthed cultural relics exhibition , Guangdong Province reform and opening achievement exhibition , Mr. Shang Chengzuo , donated cultural relics exhibition Liu Shaoji glorious achievements exhibition etc.. At present, the basic display: history , Guangdong grand paint wooden essence -- Chaozhou wood carving art exhibition , the South Silk Road on the sea , rare animal Guangdong exhibition, Lu Xun's life and honor , the a and the first cooperation between the KMT and the historical exhibition etc.. According to the historical and cultural characteristics of the Guangdong and its collection launched the exhibition, reflect the culture of South of the Five Ridges has a long history of cultural heritage and rich natural resources. In addition, also do not regularly introduced some distinctive temporary exhibitions. From the opening to the present, accumulative total hold exhibitions more than 300, from 1985 to 2004, nearly twenty years, the average annual 8-9 exhibition. Millions of people to receive the audience.Guangdong Provincial Museum in 1957 to begin preparations, is set in the civilized road No. 6 (now 215 ) Zhongshan University site (i.e. old Gongyuan ). Display building design is U shaped buildings, the main building to the East, south side, right, left for the north side buildings, construction area of about 14000 square meters. The south side building in the first half of 1959 was completed, a three-storey building, area 3500 square meters. The main building and the north side building, due to economic difficulties, no funding to complete. In October 1, 1959, Guangdong Provincial Museum and the management of the Lu Xun Memorial Hall in Guangzhou to open to the outside world. After the reform and opening up, in order to meet the growing cultural needs of the people, Guangdong Province museum decided on the site of the construction of new building displays. In 1992 October the new exhibition building was inaugurated, a total construction area of 18700 square meters, of which the new building of 12300 square meters, display area of 6000 square meters, for the original building more than 1500 square meters of 4 times.
哪位英语高人帮忙翻译一下西汉南越王墓4导游词
At present, only unearthed in the corner of South King Palace, Palace of the group of less than 1%, yet the main part of his palace. Because it is now casual water unearthed only 22 meters, yet to see a higher level and the threshold, it is estimated that the North Hall of the wall on the 1st of more than 50 meters in length. Have information on, the early Han Dynasty in Xi'an长乐宫building from east to west前殿Zhangting 50, and up to 200 meters while未央宫. Based on current clues, hidden in the underground palace of South Vietnam should be a lot of blocks! And each are a group of buildings. South King Palace is based on the construction of the Western Han Chang'an, Chang'an town has未央宫,长乐宫, Mingguang Palace, Palace and other GUI palaces, and each function of the palace is not the same, is that the emperor未央宫leaders North Korea will群臣place, and it is the emperor长乐宫Empress office and bedroom. King had been unearthed in South Vietnam and India have a Chang'an Palace is the seal, and now I unearthed the Chang'an Palace Hall will do? According to the Western Han Chang'an city planning, city未央宫in the southwest, southeast长乐宫in the city, and Jianzhang Palace in the west outside the city.未央宫and are built in长乐宫Longshou high plateau on the ground, use of the topography of the parents to highlight the emperor and took control of the commanding heights of the city, in favor of cities and the emperor's own security. Han emperor Liu Bang长乐宫received in the initial朝贺when civil and military群臣proudly said: I do know that the noble king. One of the palace is now the site is the Yu Shan in ancient high ground, is located southeast of the city of赵佗side, the location and the location of the Western Han Dynasty长乐宫similar to the southeast side is the Royal Garden for royal leisure and recreational purposes. Therefore, I will be长乐宫Hall? Worth considering. Guangzhou municipal government has planned the construction site of the Department of the South Vietnamese museums Palais des Nations, it is estimated that more than 10 billion to spend. Only to the cost of the current has reached more than 500 million yuan, not including the cost of the relocation of house demolition. Mayor Lin said: The loss of land for construction of a few can be the loss of the value of heritage can not come with money count. Wealth left behind by our ancestors can not be defeated by the hands of our generation. 2, the Western Han Dynasty King Nanyue
求关于敦煌莫高窟景点英语导游词
发的发干嘛没干嘛的父母官，发木工的斧，吗， 飞，规模，个，风格，蜂蜜，是麻烦您给你发那个发那个你该减肥经济发那个发那个发那个发那个地方没那个麻烦给你们发那个飞感高歌发各个风格规范法国风格的广泛的反复反复试过的功夫功夫功夫功夫风格儿童和规范和法国恢复恢复共和国和合格或换个方法恢复好方法好好规划和共和国各共和国好好好好好哥哥哥哥好好好过广告共和国和共和国韩国国会共和国化工更好共和国好好干 共和国
西安的有谁过了08年英语导游的指点下
我英语专8都过了，带团的时候还时常感觉力不从心。
。
况且英语导游并不仅仅需要流利的英语更需要广博的知识，要给国外的游客讲出中国的文化，宗教，建筑，历史等各个方面的知识。
这一点比英语难得多。
。
报名条件与要求 遵守宪法，热爱祖国，坚持四项基本原则，具有高级中学、中等专业学校或者以上学历，身体健康，具有适应导游需要的知识和语言表达能力的中华人民共和国公民。
报名条件与要求 遵守宪法，热爱祖国，坚持四项基本原则，具有高级中学、中等专业学校或者以上学历，身体健康，具有适应导游需要的知识和语言表达能力的中华人民共和国公民。
介绍三亚的导游词，大概300字左右，帮帮忙，很急
各位朋友，现在我们将要到达中国最南端的热带海滨城市三亚市，首先向大家介绍一下三亚的概况。
三亚别称“鹿城”，市花是三角梅，市树是酸豆树，酸豆树树体巨大、枝叶茂盛，树姿宏丽，是非常珍贵的草坪孤立风景树。
三亚不仅是我国天然大温室，是南繁育种和冬季瓜菜基地，更是避寒冬泳和开展潜水旅游的绝佳之处。
三亚古称崖州，由于交通闭塞，人烟罕至，被封建统治者当作流放贬官谪臣的蛮荒之地。
“一去一万里，千之千不还。
崖州在何处
生度鬼门关。
”唐代杨炎的这首诗，便反映了当时人们对三亚的感受。
三亚旅游资源得天独厚，汇集了阳光、海水、沙滩、环境、民族风情、名胜古迹和热带田园风光等众多旅游资源为一体，可以说三亚是海南热带自然景观最美，人文旅游资源最为丰富的地方。
三亚热带海滨的主要观光点和度假胜地有亚龙湾、大东海、鹿回头、天涯海角、南山文化旅游区、大小洞天、蜈支洲岛等。
它们不仅阳光明媚、沙滩细白、椰风摇翠、海韵迷人，而且都处在纯净无污染的生态环境中。
朋友们，三亚市已经到了，让我们放松身心，去融入古时被称为“极地异域”，如今正朝着国际海滨旅游城市方向前进的热土和海水吧。
([图片]2,三亚落日--lengjing)
