西安历史博物馆导游词 英文
我是找了相关资料，然后在在线翻译上翻过来的，没有时间能够细细帮你修改，要是用的成的话，还是找个好英语的帮你修改一下费力啊，哈哈，希望能帮上忙
Shaanxi History Museum is a state-level large-scale modernization of the museum is a magnificent Tang-style building, covers an area of about 70,000 square meters, construction area of over 50,000 square meters. It brings together the culture of Shaanxi, shows the development of Chinese civilization, Shaanxi Province in China in view of the history of the status of the state to invest a total of 144,000,000 yuan for the construction of the Shaanxi Museum of History, in June 1991 completion and opening. Flavor Architecture Museum, unique. It classical Chinese palace architecture and garden architecture closely together, coordinating colors, reflecting the traditional Chinese architectural style, at the same time with local characteristics and the spirit of the times. Museum of Shaanxi Province unearthed antiques 113,000 (Group) showroom area of 1100 square meters, at the prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system from 115 Million years ago until the year 1840, Shaanxi's history. In Chinese history, there have been 11 dynasties established their capitals in Shaanxi Province and will last for 1,000 years, is the capital of China's most Dynasty, the longest of the capital region, from a certain point, the ancient history of Shaanxi is China's history Enrichment. ● features: Museum of Shaanxi Province in ancient China into the palace courtyard with the architectural style in one, dignified and elegant, generous simplicity, the layout of coordination, the great momentum, reflecting the ethnic and local characteristics, the Library has central air-conditioning, lighting systems, multi-purpose use Computer management system and the central control system. Heritage and the Treasury have modern languages with simultaneous interpretation function Hall. ● Shaanxi Museum of History of the Tang Dynasty architectural style succession of powerful broad, dignified and elegant style, from traditional Chinese palace axis of symmetry, the master-slave in an orderly manner, the central hall, Si Yu Chong-floor, the layout of the form and at the same time the use of modern advanced technology to China's Sheng Tang period classical architectural style with modern requirements of the museum features combined into one, has managed to maintain the old style with modern features. The roof of the Tang Dynasty used the prevalence of gray green glazed tile, Wah Kwai appears to be a solemn, simple person, wall materials like asbestos tiles,Doors and windows are tinted using large pieces of glass and aluminum framework, the Library can be equipped with temperature and humidity control of the closed central air-conditioning system of multi-functional lighting systems, automatic fire alarm systems, computer-controlled management system; heritage with science and technology center With-the-art laboratory to test repair techniques and means of protection. To enhance cultural exchange between China, has computer-controlled and have 300,000 books in the library and 6-language simultaneous interpretation of international academic Hall. In addition, there are facilities for cultural relics libraries, library, shopping and so on. ● collections: the Museum's collection of historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi 370,000 fine, visitors can enjoy prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing from 115 million years ago to Year in 1840 between the Shaanxi Cultural Relics. ● Structure: galleries with a total area of 11,000 square meters, to display the basic points, and temporary exhibits on display feature three parts, on display ancient history of Shaanxi, Shanxi Bronze Exhibition, Shaanxi show the essence of ancient pottery and domestic Tangmu murals show the most real thing Attractive. ● into the hall of the museum, in the face of huge photographs to show people Pentium Miangen roar of the Yellow River and the vast loess plateau. This is the birth of the breeding history and culture of Shaanxi's geographical location. Shaanxi Yellow Earth's history is the history of civilization. Heads held high standing in the central hall of the giant lion is the symbol of civilization. Its grand design, the surging momentum, the beautiful stone, Hongik Univ of vision, called Eastern Lions in the first.This is the first in the history of Chinese stone lions from the only female Emperor Wu of Young's mother, Ling-shun. Ancient Chinese lion and the lion sculpture art from Afghanistan into Central Asia's strange romance with the immense depth of East Asia here so perfectly integrated into one, embodies the history and culture of Shaanxi tone.Nearly 1,500 m of exhibition by the basic line on display, special and temporary exhibits on display consists of three parts. Museum is located in the central up and down two floors to display the basic meta-historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi Province of the essence, the display of more than 3,000 pieces of rare treasures unearthed in Shaanxi from the hundreds of thousands of cultural relics selected from a number of precious cultural relics here from the public for the first time in World Bank, sub-prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system, from 115 million years ago by the year 1840, Shaanxi's ancient history, and a number of important people understand the Shaanxi Archeology The basic Han four Wadang God (Suzaku) diameter of 15.8 cm, 2 cm wide margin round, Shaanxi Han Chang'an City ruins unearthed. Suzaku unloading the Pearl of the mouth, head Qiao Mei, the more dignified and powerful Meng, the sacred abnormal. Now in the possession of the Shaanxi History Museum. 陕西历史博物馆是国家级现代化大型博物馆，是一组雄伟壮观的仿唐建筑群，占地约7万平方米，建筑面积5万多平方米。
它汇集了陕西文化精华，展现了中华文明的发展过程，鉴于陕西在中国历史上的地位，国家共投资1.44亿元人民币，兴建了陕西历史博物馆，于1991年6月建成开放。
博物馆建筑古朴典雅，别具特色。
它将中国古典宫殿建筑和庭院建筑紧密地结合在一起，色彩协调，体现了中华民族的传统建筑风格，同时具有地方特色和时代精神。
博物馆珍藏了陕西出土的文物精品11.3万件(组)展室面积达1100平方米，分史前、周、秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清七大部分，形象系统地展现出自115万年以前至公元1840年的陕西历史。
在中国历史上，曾经有11个朝代在陕西建都，历时1000多年，是我国建都王朝最多，建都时间最长的地区，因此，从某种角度来说，陕西古代史是中国历史的浓缩。
●特点：陕西省博物馆融中国古代宫殿与庭院建筑风格于一体，典雅凝重，古朴大方，布局协调，气势宏伟，体现了民族风格和地方特色，馆内设有中央空调、多功能照明系统，采用计算机管理系统和中央控制系统。
设有现代化文物库房和具备多种语言同声传译功能的报告厅。
镶金玉镯 ●陕西历史博物馆建筑造型继承唐代博大雄浑、典雅凝重的风 格，借鉴我国传统宫殿“轴线对称，主从有序，中央殿堂, 四隅 崇楼”的布局形式，同时运用现代先进技术，把我国盛唐时期古 典建筑风格与现代博物馆功能要求有机地结合为一体，既保持了 古老风貌，又有现代化的特点。
屋顶采用唐代盛行的灰绿色琉璃 瓦，显得华贵庄重，古朴大方，墙面材料为仿石棉砖，门窗则采 用大块茶色玻璃和铝合金框架，馆内配备可控制温湿度的全封闭 中央空调系统，多功能的照明系统，自动防火防盗系统，计算机 控制管理系统；设有文物保护科技中心，具有先进的化验、测试 技术和文物保护修复手段。
为加强中外文化交流，建有电脑控制 并拥有30万册藏书的图书馆和6国语言同声传译的国际学术报 告厅。
此外，还有设施完善的文物库、资料室、购物中心等。
●珍藏：馆内珍藏了陕西出土文物精品37万件，游客可欣赏到史前、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、南北朝、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清自115万年前到公元1840年间的陕西历史文物。
●结构：展室总面积达11000平方米，分基本陈列、专题陈列和临时陈列三大部分，其中陕西古代史陈列、陕西青铜器珍品展、陕西历代陶佣精华展和唐墓壁画真品展最具吸引力。
●进入博物馆大厅，迎面巨幅照片向人们展现出奔腾咆哮的黄 河和绵亘无垠的黄土高原。
这是孕育诞生陕西历史文化的地理环 境。
陕西的历史是黄土地文明的历史。
昂首屹立在大厅中央的巨 狮是这种文明的标志。
它造型雄伟，气势澎湃，石刻之精美，气 魄之弘大，堪称“东方第一狮”。
这头石狮来自中国历史上唯一的 女皇帝武则天母亲杨氏的顺陵。
中国古代的狮子及狮子雕刻艺术 由阿富汗传入，中亚的浪漫奇特与东亚的深沉浑厚在这里如此完 美地融合为一体，集中体现了陕西历史文化的基调。
近1500米的展线由基本陈列、专题陈列和临时陈列三部分组 成。
位于博物馆中央上下两层的基本陈列荟萃了陕西出土文物的 精华，展出的3000余件稀世珍品从陕西出土的几十万件文物中精 选而来，许多珍贵文物在这里首次公诸于世，分史前、周、秦、汉、 魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清七大部分，形象系统地展现出自115 万年前至公元1840年的陕西古代历史，并使人们了解陕西一些重 要考古遗址的基本面貌。
汉·四神瓦当（朱雀） 直径15.8厘米，边轮宽2厘米，陕西汉长安城遗址出土。
朱雀口卸宝珠，昂首翘尾，更显得威严势猛，神圣异常。
现藏于陕西历史博物馆。
《故宫博物院》的导游词50字
故宫占地72万平方米，屋宇9999间半，建筑面积15.5万平方米。
为一长方形城池，四角矗立、风格绮丽的角楼，墙外有宽52米的护城河环绕，形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。
建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华
故宫中和殿导游词，故宫导游词怎么写
中和殿是北京故宫外朝三大殿之一，属于中国传统宫殿建筑之精华。
位于紫禁城太和殿、保和殿之间。
是皇帝去太和殿大典之前休息的地方，并接受执事官员的朝拜的地方。
凡遇皇帝亲祭，如祭天坛、地坛，皇帝于前一日在中和殿阅视祝文，祭先农坛举行亲耕仪式前，还要在此查验种子和农具。
皇太后上徽号，皇帝在此阅视奏书。
玉牒告成，恭进中和殿呈御览，同时要举行隆重的存放仪式。
中和殿始建于明永乐十八年（1420年），明初称“华盖殿”，嘉靖时遭遇火灾，重修后改称“中极殿”，现天花内构件上仍遗留有明代“中极殿”墨迹。
清顺治元年（1644年），清皇室入主紫禁城，第二年改中极殿为中和殿。
是皇帝举行大典之前休息的地方。
“中和”二字取自《礼记`中庸》：“中也者，天下之本也；和也者，天下之道也”之意。
三大殿中唯有这间房子可供皇帝一人静静的思考。
英语导游词
Hello, everyone, and welcome you to visit the naval museum. Navy Museum is the second China Beijing People's Revolutionary Military Museum and the Museum of Aviation, organized by the Navy to build a professional and the Military Museum, located in Qingdao city of Laiyang road on the 8th, wrote the famous calligrapher Qi Gong Museum, in October 1989 1 open to the public. Its mission is to: promote the founding of New China since the People's Navy's achievements, showing the history of China's naval development, carry forward the Chinese nation has a long history, culture, carry forward the glorious tradition and spirit of revolutionary heroism, and enhance the whole nation's awareness of national defense and ocean view Arouse people's patriotism, education units, education and future generations. Qingdao is located on the 8th Laiyang Beach Road, east of Lu Xun Park and the Museum of seafood, to the west Qingdao small park near the South endless sea in the north and risers across the bridge, and beautiful environment, beautiful scenery and open terrain hospital, harbor , Terminal and a wide space, land and sea area exhibition area of effective intervention ship, the unique natural conditions. In recent years, while the Navy Museum building, while on display, the current exhibition hall have been completed and gifts uniforms, weapons and equipment exhibition and exhibition ship on the sea area in three parts of the occupied land and water area of 4,000 square meters, more than 800 exhibits. Uniform area of 900 square meters exhibition hall gift, the main display of the people from the Navy in 1949 since the birth of the different periods of standard clothing, rank badges, symbols service, special equipment, as well as operations in more than 60 countries and the armed forces of the people I presented to the Navy's precious Gift. Weapons and equipment exhibition covers an area of 2,000 square meters, equipped with small naval vessels, aircraft, missiles, artillery, weapons in the water, land and water tanks, observation equipment, such as display of the seven groups. The main exhibition area on the sea-ship show of decommissioned destroyers, frigates, submarines, and other medium-sized conventional warships. In the more than 800 exhibits, the more important items are: August 4, 1957 on behalf of the Central Premier Zhou Enlai, Chairman Mao Qinghai review into the use of military force ships of Yuleikuaiting Muke, Oct. 1, 1984 in Beijing's Tiananmen Square At the military parade to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the founding ceremony, the Chairman of the Central Military Commission Deng Xiaoping reviewed the waves submarine-to-surface missile; the first naval commander of the Navy General Xiao Jinguang had to wear the navy dress and their general take-off Doyle - 14 aircraft; Vice-Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, former deputy commander of the navy Deng Zhaoxiang General of the Navy to donate the 55-generals dress; for the people and the building of the navy to defend the motherland, coastal areas and territorial seas make an important contribution to the first generation of China's missile destroyer Anshan; in the coastal areas and territorial seas fighting to defend the motherland Cited for meritorious service in the military exploits of anti-aircraft missile frigate Yingtan; have been shot down by the United States and u - 2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft of the Red Flag - No. 2-to-air missile; the Korean People's Army delegation's visit to China gave me the gift of the Navy Fleet - for some Shang Ganling the trunk full of shrapnel, and so on. Navy Museum is a force and the broad masses of the people especially the young people to carry out patriotic education of good classroom. In recent years, education in patriotism and play an active role, has been Shandong, Qingdao City, the leadership of the party and government organs sure. March 1994 Qingdao municipal government to the Navy Museum as a primary and secondary school students in Qingdao moral base, in October the same year, Qingdao municipal government and military leaders in green body awarded the Navy Museum, National Defense Education advanced unit, 1995 2 Shandong Province, was designated as patriotic education base at the provincial level. Navy Museum is still in construction stage, is to speed up the pace of construction in the near future will be even more grand gesture to show the majority of the audience. Now we come to the memorial Qi. Qi Memorial Hall at Shuicheng Penglaizhen small sea on the eastern side of the Navy House. Navy House is a symmetry axis of the binary antique-style buildings, rooms in the main hall and three East-West corridors are connected, an area of 3220 square meters. Was built in June 1992 and July 1995 opening to the outside world. Memorial Hall has six exhibition halls, the use of wall paintings, reliefs and clay combination of art practices through the three-dimensional visual scenes, vivid image of reproduced Qi Shandong Haihua against the Japanese, Kangwo coastal Fujian and Zhejiang, customs border guard Jizhou, a desk Of writing history, and so on the screen so that people from generation to see famous people as the style. Qi has become a memorial for the people, especially young people in patriotism and revolutionary tradition of good education base. Beat the first exhibition hall meeting This is the gathering of the Beat Office. Ladies and gentlemen, sitting in the middle is the famous generation of Qi Jiguang, who was standing shoulder to shoulder with the fighting and forged a profound friendship of comrades-in-arms, they are like-minded, long-term fight career, growth for the generation of heroes. Qi in China's eastern coastal Kangwo 15 years, put down from intrusion since the late Yuan Dynasty China's coastal areas up to 200 years old suffering from Japanese, China's coastal areas and territorial seas Miles weight in peace. Jizhou guarding him for 16 years, since the completion of the Shanhaiguan East, West Ridge Shitang to more than 2000 years of urban flood control project and the creation of a logistics unit - the barracks, the use of various arms of mutual co-operation with new tactics, so that Frontier fortress in a long time there have been no peace in sight. After Qi Jiajing, Long Khanh, Wanli three North Korea, known as the three-Hu Chen Chao, 42-year campaign. His famous Chinese prestige, extra-territorial Wei, who is a generation. He is a distinguished military theorist, wrote, Xiao Ji new book, Discipline is training Bingshu. Si Ku Quan Shu in ancient China featuring the 20 Bingshu, he occupies only two. In the history of our country's military, well-known and more general non-Bing Shu, to write the Bingshu many non-famous. From the Qin and Han dynasties of the Ming Dynasty two thousand years, and general well-known and well-known Bing Shu Qi, only one person. He is both a civil and military NORTH PEAK, had only just set Church, Collected Poems V, China's rich literary heritage treasure. Qi is not outspoken Arab-life, honest, sincere people, the sake of the general good, there has been a consistent trust and support. Ai Qi, such as child soldiers, compassionate Shizu, on the battlefield, he always take the lead to rush ahead in the former. He attached particular importance to the building of forces for the election of three pro-elite to Yiwu, Biaohan recruitment of workers and peasants Qi Jia-jun, the backbone. The second called upon to visit the exhibition hall. The second exhibition hall will be proud of the door (the front yard Xi) On the south side: Qi, King character, Nam Tong, and all night, Meng, Shandong Penglai people. Six of its generation to follow in detail, Qi Zhu Yuanzhang, in the overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty set up the power struggle, Qi do my best to detail 30 years after the expedition when they were killed in Yunnan. To remember his exploits founding, the Ming Dynasty granted the Government for his son Qi Bin, General Hemingway, hereditary Zhihuiqianshi Methodist College. Qi Jia Jing of the Ming dynasty was born in 2007 (November 12, 1528). Qi Jiguang's childhood reading, the military is willing to do the game, build mud walls, camps for the brick pile, cut paper-cut bamboo for the flag, who serve as a command, the times of Qi Jiguang children that shows remarkable talent. Qi Jiguang an early age to accept a good family and lead the division, with an average Qi Jing-taught him reading, writing, speaking Art of War, the martial arts in the hope that he can grow up to his achievements and exploits. He also has a learned and knowledge, well-respected teacher by the name of Liang, for his love of martial law to teach. 10-year-old when his mother died. Harden's life, his deep study Zhicheng. Later, he was a Bingshu wrote on the title page of Feng Hou not my intention, it is hoped-Hyperion, the poem, the performance of his lofty patriotism. 23 Jiajing (1554), 17-year-old Wei Qi carried on the Dengzhou Zhihuiqianshi, in charge of affairs Dynasty. 27 Jiajing (1548) to Sanshiyinian Jiajing (1552), Ren Qi officers, the rate of Shandong by Xu Wei Liu Jun Ji Zhou guarding the border, the first lunar month every year to edge Xu Shou, in order to come back late autumn. 三百六十日year, Wang was more up-Goma, the period of his military career itself. (Jiajing period in 28 years (in 1549) in October, he took part in the Shandong Provincial Examination, the martial art examination. Poem cited here is Chronicle Jiajing 30 years, the title poem immediately, beginning with the word for Qi Lu. Qi in the preparation of his own poetry, Wang lance draft, poem entitled immediately to make. At the beginning of the word North and South. Poetry of the South in order Kangwo period in the poems. Why there is such a Different? Our guess is that Qi Jiguang to the South after the war Quchi years, can not help but think of Dengzhou thistle garrison experience, which recalled the first heavy finest creations. But this time he has come from the north to the south . In order to complete the poem summed up Nanzhengbeizhan out of military service, should be natural, Quchi North and South. He later poetry editor, this will change after the first poem of which are set out in the period Kangwo poems , Will come as no surprise.) On the north side: Shuicheng training. In past years, the sea Dengzhou defense dilapidated by the military without training, the arrival of Qi, Wu Zhen-order business, the renovation of the Guardian, Qianliang clean-up, strict discipline, so lazy at the time a group of people whom Zhen, health and the great atmosphere Change. To turn for the better, Qi in the Great practice Shuicheng of its soldiers on land, at sea training Shizu, thorough, and military discipline, creating a powerful army Kangwo. So far, the eastern side of the Penglai Pavilion, Danya still left on the mountain after his man-establish access to the sea tablets parade, to mark its training achievements.
介绍南通的导游词
中和殿，故宫外朝三大殿之一，位于紫禁城太和殿、保和殿之间。
始建于明永乐十八年（1420年），明初称华盖殿，嘉靖时遭遇火灾，重修后改称中极殿。
清顺治元年（1644年），清皇室入主紫禁城，第二年改中极殿为中和殿。
殿名取自《礼记?中庸》：“中也者，天下之本也；和也者，天下之道也”之意。
中和殿平面呈正方形，面阔、进深各为3间，四面出廊，金砖铺地，建筑面积580㎡。
屋顶为单檐四角攒尖，屋面覆黄色琉璃瓦，中为铜胎鎏金宝顶。
殿四面开门，正面三交六椀槅扇门12扇，东、北、西三面槅扇门各4扇，门前石阶东西各一出，南北各三出，中间为浮雕云龙纹御路，踏跺、垂带浅刻卷草纹。
门两边为青砖槛墙，上置琐窗。
殿内外檐均饰金龙和玺彩画，天花为沥粉贴金正面龙。
殿内设地屏宝座。
中和殿门窗的形制取自《大戴礼记》所述的“明堂”，避免了三座大殿的雷同。
明清两朝，太和殿举行各种大典前，皇帝先在中和殿小憩，并接受执事官员的朝拜。
凡遇皇帝亲祭，如祭天坛、地坛，皇帝于前一日在中和殿阅视祝文，祭先农坛举行亲耕仪式前，还要在此查验种子和农具。
皇太后上徽号，皇帝在此阅视奏书。
玉牒告成，恭进中和殿呈御览，同时要举行隆重的存放仪式。
求故宫保和殿导游词
博物馆导游词 （故宫午门前） 女士们、先生们： 今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。
这里就是世界闻名的，一般大家都简称它为故宫，清朝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。
帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。
由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作，1987年已被评定为世界文化遗产。
故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。
中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。
其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。
紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合“紫微居中”的说法。
因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。
皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央，环视天下的帝王气概。
还有一个说法就是指“紫气东来”。
传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。
果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了。
后人因此以“紫气东来”表示祥瑞。
帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。
“禁”字的意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。
此话决无半个虚字，在1924年被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊
紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。
故宫从明永乐四年（1406）开始修建，用了14年的时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的历史。
大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为什么这样呢
据道家认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。
而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红，黄两种颜色。
故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫殿楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。
四周有高9.9米，号称10米的城墙，墙外一周是52米宽的护城河，俗称筒子河。
城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座结构奇异，和谐美观的角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。
城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。
故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万，民夫100万人。
所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。
比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山，花岗石采自河北曲阳县。
宫殿内墁地的方砖，烧制在苏州，砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。
宫殿墙壁上所用的红色，原料产自山东宣化（今高青县）的烟筒山。
木料则主要来自湖广，江西，山西等省。
由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。
我们眼前的建筑叫午门。
午门是紫禁城的正门，俗称五凤楼。
明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬灯赐食百官。
到了清代这种活动就取消了。
每年农历十月初一，都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式，清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝“弘历”的名字，故将“颁历”改称“颁朔”。
清代，皇帝举行朝会或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，万寿，大婚等重大节日，都要在这里陈设卤簿，仪仗。
此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼，如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。
关于“推出午门斩首”的说法，可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。
实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有的在午门廷杖，当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。
（进午门后金水桥前） 现在我们已经到了故宫里面，在正式游览之前，我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。
故宫占地72万多平方米，在这样大的面积上，集各种建筑手法，建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群，不但没有纷杂现象，反而给人以结构严谨，色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉，最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红，这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体，北从钟楼，南至永定门，总长度约8公里，皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。
宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上，其它建筑分东西对称分布。
整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的“尊严”和对的森严。
故宫分外朝内廷。
现在我们在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和门。
门前有一对青铜狮子，威严，凶悍，成了门前桥头的守卫者，象征着权力与尊严。
皇帝贵为天子，门前的狮子自然最精美，最高大了。
东边立的为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，象征皇权永存，千秋万代。
我们眼前的这条小河，叫金水河，起装饰和防水之用。
河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。
整条河外观象支弓，中轴线就是箭，这表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理国家。
（在太和门前） 故宫建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。
由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为“外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿，左右对称，形成“外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。
三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的“工”字型汉白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分为三层，每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕，三台中有三层石雕“御路”。
太和殿俗称金銮殿，是故宫最高大的一座建筑物，也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。
乾清门以内为“内廷”，建筑布局也是左右对称。
中部为乾清宫，交泰殿、坤宁宫，是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。
两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所，东、西一所是皇子的住所。
“内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。
内金水河沿“内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外，河上有白玉石桥，沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆，形似玉带。
故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶，在阳光下金碧辉煌，庄严美观。
故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外，还用了各种手法，使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。
比如殿基的处理，殿顶的形式，吻兽和垂脊兽的数目，彩绘图案的规制等等。
这样，不仅使主要建筑更显得高大，壮观，而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。
民间传说故宫有房9999间半，说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间，地上的皇帝自称“天子”，不敢与其同数，所以就少了半间。
这半间房在哪儿呢
它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。
实际上紫禁城有房9000余间，所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。
文渊阁西头一间，面积虽小，仅能容纳一个楼梯，但它仍是一整间。
文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部的地方，为了照顾布局上的美观，所以把西头一间建造的格外小。
（经过太和门之后） 女士们、先生们，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗称金銮殿，是故宫内最大宫殿。
建筑面积2377平方米，，是殿宇中最高等级，为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。
太和殿建在三层重叠的“工”字型须弥座上，由汉白玉雕成，离地8余米，下层台阶21级，中，上层各9级。
太和殿始建于公元1406年，经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏，现在大家看到的是清朝建的。
四个屋檐上各有一排动物，原来是钉子，用来固定瓦片用的，后来换成了神话传说中的动物，据说可以辟邪，而且数量越多，表明建筑越重要。
太和殿上有9个，9是阳之极数，依次为7、5、3、1，平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。
明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基，宣布即位诏书。
元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等，皇帝都要在这里举行仪式，接受文武百官朝贺。
这个广场是太和殿广场，面积达3万平方米。
整个广场无一草一木，空旷宁静，给人以森严肃穆的感觉。
正中为御路，左右地面铺的砖横七竖八，共15层，以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。
周围有一些大缸，是做什么用的呢
在故宫里一共有308个大缸，是用来储水防炎的，缸下可烧炭加温，防止冬天缸水结冰。
为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。
站在下面向前望去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。
层层石台，如同白云，加上香烟缭绕，整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。
举行大典时，殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛，香亭、香炉烧檀香，露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝，殿前两侧香烟缭绕，全场鸦雀无声。
皇帝登上宝座时，鼓乐齐鸣，文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场，仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁，以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。
清朝溥仪1908年底登基时，年仅3岁，由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。
当大典开始时差，突然鼓乐齐鸣，吓得小皇帝哭闹不止，嚷着要回家去。
载沣急得满头大汗，只好哄着小皇帝说：“别哭，别哭，快完了，快完了
”大臣们认为此话不吉祥，说来也巧，3年后清朝果真就灭亡了，从而结束了我国2000多年的封建统治。
（在太和殿的石台上） 这是铜香炉，，是皇帝举行典礼时焚烧檀香用的。
这里一共有18座，代表清朝18个省。
殿外左右安放四个铜缸，象征”金瓯无缺“，作为贮水防火之用。
台基东西两侧各有一只铜制仙鹤和龟，是长寿的象征。
这个由铅铸造成的器具叫嘉量，嘉量是当时量的标准器，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤,谁八两，心中自然有数。
对面还有一个石头做成的器具叫做日晷，是古代的测时仪。
皇帝的意思是：量和时的基准都在自己手里。
太和殿正面有12根圆红柱，东西约63米，南北进深约37米，高35米，殿前丹陛三层五出，殿前后有金扉40个，金锁窗16个，整个大殿雕梁画栋，豪华富丽。
殿内中央设有2米高的平台，上面摆放着雕有9条金龙的楠木宝座。
后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案，左右有对称的宝象、角端、仙鹤、香筒等陈列品。
象驮宝瓶，内装五谷，象征太平景象、五谷丰登。
角端是我国古代神话传说中的一种神兽，可“日行一万八千里”，通晓四方语言，只有明君，它才捧书而至，护驾身旁。
太和殿也叫金銮殿，为什么这么叫呢
因殿内为金砖墁地而得名。
金砖墁地平整如镜，光滑细腻，像是洒了一层水，发着幽暗的光。
那么金砖真的含金吗
其实这是一种用特殊方法烧制的砖，工艺考究，复杂，专为皇宫而制，敲起来有金石之声，所以称作“金砖”。
烧这种砖，每一块相当于一石大米的价钱，可见金砖虽不含金，但也确实贵重。
殿内共有72根大主柱，支撑其全部重量，其中6根雕龙金柱，沥粉贴金，围绕着宝座周围。
在殿中央有一藻井，是从古代“天井”和“天窗”形式演变面来，为中国古代建筑的特色之一。
主要设置在“尊贵”的建筑物上，有“神圣”之意。
在藻井中央部位，有一浮雕蟠龙，口衔一球（球为铜胎中空，外涂水银），此球叫轩辕镜，传说是轩辕黄帝制造的，悬球与藻井蟠龙联在起，构成游龙戏珠的形式，悬于帝王宝座上方，以示中国历代皇帝都是轩辕的子孙，是黄帝正统继承者。
它使殿堂富丽堂皇，雍容华贵。
镜下正好对着宝座，据说是袁世凯怕大球掉下来把他砸死，故将宝座向后挪到现在的位置。
关于龙椅，这里面有段故事。
1916年（民国五年）袁世凯登基时，把原来的宝座搬走了，换了一把西式高背大椅，上饰他自己设计的帝国徽号。
据说他的腿短，因而将椅座降低。
新中国成立后，为了寻找那把龙椅，根据过去的一张照片，在破家具库找到了一把破椅，经专家鉴定，这椅子就是皇帝宝座，后经修复展出。
（带客人至太和殿东或西侧铜缸处） 古人把陈设在殿堂皇屋宇前的大缸，称为“门海”，门海者，盖“门前大海”之意，古人相信，门前有大海，就不怕闹火灾。
因此，大缸又称为吉祥缸。
它既是陈设品，又是消防器材。
在科学不民达的古代，宫中没有自来水，更没有消防器材。
因此，缸内必须长年储满水以备不虞。
清代时，共有308口大缸，按其质量分类三种，即鎏金铜缸、烧古铜缸和铁缸，其中最珍贵的是鎏金铜缸。
然而这些鎏金铜缸没有逃脱侵略者刺刀刮体的厄运。
侵略者是谁
是英、美、德、法、俄、日、意、奥八国联军。
为了镇压中国人民反帝的义和团运动，1900年的8月13日至8月15日，八国联军攻陷北京，进占紫禁城。
救死扶伤和军官们烧、杀、抢、掠，从宫中及颐和园等处动掠夺的文物在各侵略国使馆区堆积如山，至今仍有大量文物被伦敦、巴黎、纽约博物馆攫为已有。
这一切包括眼前这口缸上的道道刮痕都已成为帝国主义侵略中国的铁证。
是伪统治时期，大缸被拉出宫门，装上日本侵略军的卡车，用去制作子弹，再反过来屠杀我国人民。
（中和殿前） 眼前这个方形建筑是中和殿。
皇帝举行大典前，先到此暂坐休息，会见一些官员。
皇帝去天、地、日、月四坛祭祀时，前一天也要在中和殿里看祭文。
每年二月皇帝到先家坛举行亲耕仪式，前一天要来这里阅视种子、农具、祝文。
这里现在陈列的是乾隆年间的两面三刀顶肩舆，即八抬大轿 城角 故宫的四个城角，每一个角上有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼，建造的可好看了。
这四座角搂是怎么盖的呢
北京有这么个传说—— 明朝的燕王朱隶在南京做了永乐皇帝以后，因为北京是他做王爷时候的老地方，就想迁都北京，于是就派了亲信大臣到北京盖皇官。
朱隶告诉这个大臣：要在皇宫外墙——紫禁城的四个犄角上，盖四座样子特别美丽的角楼，每座角楼要有九梁十八柱、七十二条脊。
并且说：“你就做这个管工大臣吧，如果修盖的不好是要杀头的
”管工大臣领了皇帝的谕旨后，心里非常发愁，不知如何盖这九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的角楼。
管工大臣到了北京以后，就把八十一家大包工木厂的工头、木匠们都叫来，跟他们说了皇帝的旨意，限期三个月，叫他们一定要按期盖成这四座怪样子的角楼，并且说：“如果盖不成，皇帝自然要杀我的头，可是在没杀我的头之前，我就先把你们的头砍了，所以当心你们的脑袋。
”工头和木匠们对这样的工程都没把握，只好常常在一块琢磨法子。
三个月的期限是很短的，一转眼就是一个月了，工头和木匠们还没想出一点头绪、一点办法来，他们做了许多样型，都不合适。
这时候，正赶上六七月的三伏天气，热得人都喘不上气来，加上心里烦闷，工头和木匠们真是坐也不合适，躺也不合适。
有这么一位木匠师傅，实在呆不住了，就上大街闲遛去了。
走着走着，听见老远传来一片蝈蝈的吵叫声，接着、又听见一声吆喝：“买蝈蝈，听叫去，睡不着，解闷儿去
”走近一看，是一个老头儿挑着许多大大小小秫秸编的蝈蝈笼子，在沿街叫卖。
其中有一个细秫秸棍插的蝈蝈笼子，精巧得跟画里的一座楼阁一样，里头装着几只蝈蝈，木匠师傅想：反正是烦心的事，该死的活不了，买个好看的笼子，看着也有趣儿，于是就买下了。
这个木匠提着蝈蝈笼子，回到了工地。
大伙儿一看就吵嚷起来了：“人们都心里怪烦的，你怎么买一笼子蝈蝈来，成心吵人是怎么着
”木匠笑着说：“大家睡不着解个闷儿吧，你们瞧……”他原想说你们瞧这个笼子多么好看呀
可是他还没说出嘴来，就觉得这笼子有点特别。
他急忙摆着手说：“你们先别吵吵嚷嚷的，让我数数再说。
“他把蝈蝈笼子的梁啊、柱啊、脊呀细细地数了一遍又一遍，大伙被他这一数，也吸引得留了神，静静地直着眼睛看着，一点声音也没有。
木匠数完了蝈蝈笼子，蹦起来一拍大腿说：“这不正是九梁十八柱七十二条脊么
”大伙一听都高兴了，这个接过笼子数数，那个也接过笼子数数，都说：“真是九梁十八柱、七十二条脊的楼阁啊，” 大伙儿受这个笼子的启发，琢磨出了紫禁城角楼的样子，烫出纸浆做出样型，最后修成了到现在还存在的角搂。
