
中国最穷的县城是那里
河 北 39 石家(3):平山灵寿县、赞皇县 张家(1 O):康保县、张北县、阳原县城县、沽源县、怀安县、崇礼县、 尚义县、蔚县、万全县、(涿鹿县赵家蓬区) 承德市(6):平泉县、滦平县、隆化县、丰宁县、围场县、宽城县 秦皇岛市(1):青龙县 保定市(4):阜平县、涞源县、顺平县、唐县 沧州市(6):东光县、海兴县、盐山县、南皮县、献县、孟村县 衡水市(2):武强县、武邑县 邢台市(3):临城县、广宗县、巨鹿县 邯郸市(4):魏县、大名县、涉县、广平县 山 西 35 太原市(1):娄烦县 大同市(5):天镇县、灵丘县、阳高县、广灵县、浑源县 朔州市(1):右玉县 长治市(3):平顺县、武乡县、壶关县 忻州市(11):神池县、五寨县、五台县、偏关县、静乐县、繁峙县、河曲县、保德县、 岢岚县、代县、宁武县 晋中市(2):和顺县、左权县、 临汾市(5):大宁县、永和县、隰县、汾西县、吉县 运城市(1):平陆县 吕梁地区(5):中阳县、兴县、临县、方山县、岚县、石楼县 内蒙古 31 呼和浩特市(3):托克托县、和林县、清水河县、 包头市(1):固阳县 赤峰市(8):宁城县、林西县、喀喇沁旗、巴林左旗、敖汉旗、翁牛特旗、 克什克腾旗、巴林右旗 通辽市(2):库伦旗、奈曼旗 鄂尔多斯市(5):准格尔旗、乌审旗、伊金霍洛旗、鄂托克前旗、杭锦旗 兴安盟(2):科右中旗、扎赉特旗 锡林郭勒盟(2):多伦县、太仆寺旗 鸟兰察布盟(8):武川县、商都县、化德县、察右前旗、察右中旗、察右后旗、 四子王旗、达茂旗 吉 林 8 白城市(3):大安市、镇赉县、通榆县 白山市(1):靖宇县 延边州(4):汪清县、安图县、龙井市、和龙市 黑龙江 14 哈尔滨市(1):延寿县 齐齐哈尔市(3):拜泉县、甘南县、泰来县 大庆市(2):林甸县、杜蒙县 鹤岗市(1):绥滨县 佳木斯市(5):同江市、桦南县、桦川县、抚远县、汤原县 双鸭山市(1):饶河县 绥化市(1):兰西县 安 徽 19 合肥市(1):长丰县 阜阳市(4):临泉县、阜南县、颍上县、利辛县 安庆市(5):太湖县、宿松县、枞阳县、岳西县、潜山县 六安市(6):寿县、霍山县、霍邱县、裕安区、舒城县、金寨县 巢湖市(1):无为县 池州市(1):石台县 宣城市(1):泾县 江 西 21 九江市(1):修水县 萍乡市(1):莲花县 赣州市(8):安远县、赣县、宁都县、寻乌县、兴国县、于都县、会昌县、上犹县 上饶市(4):上饶县、波阳县、余干县、横峰县 抚州市(2):广昌县、乐安县 吉安市(5):永新县、遂川县、井冈山市、吉安县、万安县 河 南 31 三门峡市(1):卢氏县 洛阳市(5):汝阳县、洛宁县、嵩 县、宜阳县、栾川县 新乡市(1):封丘县 安阳市(1):滑县 濮阳市(2):台前县、范县 开封市(1):兰考县 商丘市(4):虞城县、睢县、民权县、宁陵县 平顶山市(1):鲁山县 南阳市(4):桐柏县、淅川县、南召县、社旗县 信阳市(5):淮滨县、新县、商城县、固始县、光山县 周口市(2):沈丘县、淮阳县 驻马店市(4):确山县、平舆县、上蔡县、新蔡县 湖 北 25 十堰市(6):丹江口市、郧县、郧西县、竹山县、竹溪县、房县 孝感市(2):大悟县、孝昌县 黄冈市(5):麻城市、红安县、蕲春县、英山县、罗田县 黄石市(1):阳新县 宜昌市(2):秭归县、长阳县 恩施州(8):利川市、建始县、巴东县、恩施市、宣恩县、来凤县、成丰县、鹤峰县 省直辖县级行政单位(1):神农架林区 湖 南 20 张家界市(1):桑植县 益阳市(1):安化县 岳阳市(1):平江县 郴州市(2):桂东县、汝城县 永州市(2):新田县、江华县 邵阳市(3):隆回县、城步县、邵阳县 怀化市(2):沅陵县、通道县 娄底市(1):新化县 湘西州(7):古文县、泸溪县、保靖县、永顺县、凤凰县、花垣县、龙山县 广 西 28 南宁市(4):马山县、天等县、隆安县、龙州县 桂林市(1):龙胜县 柳州市(4):忻城县、融水县、三江县、金秀县 百色市(10):凌云县、乐业县、平果县、德保县、田林县、西林县、田东县、靖西县、 那坡县、隆林县 河池市(9):天峨县、凤山县、南丹县、东兰县、环江县、罗城县、巴马县、 都安县、大化县 海 南 5 保亭县、琼中县、五指山市、陵水县、白沙县 重 庆 14 城口县、巫溪县、巫山县、奉节县、云阳县、开县、万州区、秀山县、黔江县、 酉阳县、彭水县、石柱县、武隆县、丰都县 四 川 36 广元市(3):苍溪县、朝天区、旺苍县 南充市(4):阆中市、仪陇县、嘉陵区、南部县 广安市(1):广安区 乐山市(1):马边县 泸州市(2):古蔺县、叙永县 宜宾市(1):屏山县 巴中市(3):通江县、南江县、平昌县 达州市(2):宣汉县、万源市 阿坝州(3):壤塘县、黑水县、小金县 甘孜州(5):石渠县、理塘县、雅江县、新龙县、色达县 凉山州(11):美姑县、金阳县、昭觉县、布拖县、雷波县、普格县、喜德县、盐源县、 木里县、越西县、甘洛县 贵 州 50 六盘水市(3):盘县、六枝特区、水城县 遵义市(5):正安县、习水县、道真县、务川县 安顺市(4):普定县、紫云县、关岭县、镇宁县 毕节地区(5):大方县、织金县、赫章县、纳雍县、威宁县 铜仁地区(7):石阡县、德江县、印江县、沿河县、松桃县、江口县、思南县 黔东南州(1 4):从江县、施秉县、麻江县、台江县、天柱县、黄平县、榕江县、 剑河县、三穗县、雷山县、黎平县、岑巩县、丹寨县、锦屏县 黔南州(6):荔波县、三都县、长顺县、独山县、罗甸县、平塘县 黔西南州(7):望谟县、睛隆县、兴仁县、普安县、册亨县、贞丰县、安龙县 云 南 73 昆明市(3):东川区、禄劝县、寻甸县 曲靖市(2):富源县、会泽县 ’ 保山市(3):施甸县、龙陵县、昌宁县 昭通市(10):昭阳区、鲁甸县、巧家县、盐津县、大关县、永善县、威信县、绥江县、 彝良县、镇雄县 丽江市(2):宁蒗县、永胜县 思茅地区(8):墨江县、景东县、镇沅县、江城县、孟连县、西盟县、澜沧县、普洱县 临沧地区(7):永德县、凤庆县、沧源县、镇康县、云县、临沧县、双江县 德宏州(1):梁河县 怒江州(4):泸水县、兰坪县、贡山县、福贡县 迪庆州(3):维西县、香格里拉县、德钦县 大理州(9):漾濞县、鹤庆县、弥渡县、南涧县、巍山县、永平县、云龙县、 洱源县、剑川县 楚雄州(6):双柏县、南华县、大姚县、姚安县、武定县、永仁县 红河州(6):屏边县、金平县、泸西县、元阳县、红河县、绿春县. 陕 西 5 O 延安市(6):子长县、安塞县、延长县、延川县、吴旗县、宜川县 铜川市(3):耀县、宜君县、印台区 渭南市(3):畲阳县、蒲城县、白水 咸阳市(5):永寿县、彬县、长武县、旬邑县、淳化县 宝鸡市(3):麟游县、太白县、陇县 、 汉中市(5):洋县、西乡县、宁强县、略阳县、镇巴县 榆林市(1 0):清涧县、子洲县、绥德县、米脂县、佳县、吴堡县、横山县、 靖边县、定边县、府谷县 安康市(8):汉滨区、汉阴县、宁陕县、紫阳县、岚皋县、镇坪县、甸阳县、白河县 商洛市(7):商州区、洛南县、丹凤县、商南县、山阳县、镇安县、柞水县 甘 肃 4 3 兰州市(1):榆中县 白银市(1):会宁县 天水市(6):武山县、清水县、甘谷县、张家川县、秦安县、北道区 武威市(3):天祝县、古浪县 庆阳市(5):华池县最新国家级贫困县名单出炉
急求海南的英文介绍
Hainan (help·info) (Chinese: 海南; pinyin: Hǎinán) is the smallest province of the People's Republic of China, located off the southern coast of the country. It consists of several islands, the largest of which is also called Hainan Island (Hainan Dao). When speaking of Hainan in Chinese, it is usually the main Hainan Island that is referred to. The PRC government claims Hainan's territories to extend to the southern Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands and other disputed marine territory. Hainan is also known as the largest Special Economic Zone laid out by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in the late 1980s.[edit] HistoryHainan Island was called the Pearl Cliffs (珠崖 Zhūyá), Fine Jade Cliffs (琼崖 Qióngyá), and the Fine Jade Land (琼州 Qióngzhōu). The latter two gave rise to the province's abbreviation, Qióng (琼 in Simplified Chinese), referring to the greenery cover on the island.Hainan first enters written Chinese history in 110 BC, when the Han Dynasty established a military garrison there. Settlement by mainlanders was slow however and from early on the island was considered to be fit only for exiles. It was in this period that the Li people arrived from Guangxi Province and displaced the island's aboriginal Austronesian-speaking peoples.In Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms Period, Hainan was the Zhuya Commandery (珠崖郡).Under the Song Dynasty, Hainan came under the control of Guangxi Province, and for the first time large numbers of Han Chinese arrived, settling mostly in the north. Under the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1206-1368) it became an independent province, but was placed under Guangdong Province during the Ming Dynasty in 1370. In the 16th and 17th centuries large numbers of Chinese from Fujian and Guangdong began migrating to Hainan, pushing the Li into the highlands in the southern half of the island. In the 18th century the Li rebelled against the government - who brought in mercenaries from the Miao people regions of Guizhou Province. Many of the Miao settled on the island and their descendants live in the western highlands to this day.Hainan was made an independent province again in 1912 under the name Ch'iung-yai Island, but by 1921 it was incorporated once more into Guangdong Province. During the 1920s and 30s Hainan was a hotbed of Communist activity, especially after a bloody crackdown in Shanghai, the Republic of China in 1927 drove many Communists into hiding. The Communists and the Li natives fought a vigorous guerrilla campaign against the Japanese occupation of 1939-45, but in retaliation over one third of the male population were killed by the Japanese. After the Japanese surrender in 1945 the Nationalist Party (KMT) re-established control. Hainan was one of the last areas of China controlled by the 's KMT. From March to May 1950, the Landing Operation on Hainan Island (Chinese: ; Pinyin: Hǎinándǎo Dēnglù Zhànyì) captured the island for the Chinese communists.The Communists resumed development of the island along the lines established by the Japanese, but the results were limited by the island's isolation, its humid and typhoon-prone climate, and its continuing reputation as a place of danger and exile by mainland Chinese. In 1988 the island was again made a separate province, and was designated a Special Economic Zone in an effort to increase investment.During the mid-1980s, when Hainan was still part of the Guangdong Province, a 14-month episode of marketing zeal by Hainan Special District Administrator Lei Yu* put Hainan's pursuit of provincial status under a cloud. It involved the duty-free imports from Hong Kong of 90,000 Japanese-made cars and trucks at a cost of C¥ 4,500,000,000 (US$ 1,500,000,000), and exporting them—with the help of local naval units—to the mainland, making 150 % profits. By comparison, only 10,000 vehicles were imported into Hainan since 1950. In addition, it involved further consignments of 2.9 million TV sets, 252,000 videocassette recorders & 122,000 motorcycles. The money was taken from the 1983 central gov't funds destined for the construction of the island's transportation infrastructure (roads, railways, airports, harbours) over the next 10 years.The central government funds were deemed insufficient by the Hainan authorities for the construction of the island's other infrastructures (water works, power stations, telecommunications, etc.) and had taken a very liberal interpretation of the economic and trade regulations for Hainan & 13 other coastal cities — the regulations did not mention on prohibiting the re-selling of second hand goods. Some of the proceeds, from unsold units, were later retrieved by the central gov't to re-finance the special district.[* Later, Vice Mayor of Shenzhen SEZ (05.1985—01.1988), Executive Vice Mayor of Guangzhou (01.1988—04.1992) & Vice Chairman of Guangxi AR (04.1992—01.1996).][edit] SubdivisionsHainan uses a slightly different administrative system from the other provinces of China. Most other provinces are divided entirely into prefecture-level divisions, each of which is then divided entirely into county-level divisions. County-level divisions generally do not come directly under the province. In Hainan, nearly all county-level divisions (the 4 districts excepted) come directly under the province. This method of division of due to Hainan's relatively sparse population.The political divisions of Hainan are:2 prefecture-level cities: Haikou City (海口市 Hǎikǒu Shì), subdivided into 4 county-level districts: Longhua District (龙华区 Lónghuá Qū) Xiuying District (秀英区 Xiùyīng Qū) Qiongshan District (琼山区 Qióngshān Qū) Meilan District (美兰区 Měilán Qū) Sanya City (三亚市 Sānyà Shì) 16 county-level divisions directly under the province, with no intermediate prefecture level: 6 county-level cities Wenchang City (文昌市 Wénchāng Shì) Qionghai City (琼海市 Qiónghǎi Shì) Wanning City (万宁市 Wànníng Shì) Wuzhishan City ( Wǔzhǐshān Shì) Dongfang City (东方市 Dōngfāng Shì) Danzhou City (儋州市 Dānzhōu Shì) 4 counties Lingao County (临高县 Língāo Xiàn) Chengmai County (澄迈县 Chéngmài Xiàn) Ding'an County (定安县 Dìng'ān Xiàn) Tunchang County (屯昌县 Túnchāng Xiàn) 6 autonomous counties Changjiang Li Autonomous County ( Chāngjiāng Lízú Zìzhìxiàn) Baisha Li Autonomous County ( Báishā Lízú Zìzhìxiàn) Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County ( Qióngzhōng Lízú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn) Lingshui Li Autonomous County ( Língshuǐ Lízú Zìzhìxiàn) Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County ( Bǎotíng Lízú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn) Ledong Li Autonomous County ( Lèdōng Lízú Zìzhìxiàn) There is also the Office of West, South, and Central Sands Archipelagos, which oversees the South China Sea Islands: the Xisha (Paracel Islands), Zhongsha (Macclesfield Bank), and Nansha (Spratly Islands). The Spratlys are in reality disputed and divided among China and several neighbouring countries, while the Macclesfield Bank is claimed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vietnam, but administered by no one.The cities and counties of Hainan are divided into 218 township-level divisions, including 181 townships, 20 towns, and 17 subdistricts.Hainan was historically part of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province, being as such, it was the Qiongya Circuit (琼崖道) in 1912 (the establishment of the Republic of China). In 1921, it was planned to become a Special Administrative Region (琼崖特别行政区); in 1944, it became Hainan Special Administrative Region with 16 counties containing the South China Sea Islands.On May 1, 1950 (under the PRC), the Special Administrative Region became an Administrative Region Office (海南行政区公署), a branch of the Guangdong provincial government. On October 1, 1984, it became the Hainan Administrative Region (海南行政区), with a People's Government, and finally as province separate from Guangdong four years later.[edit] GeographySatellite image of Hainan Topography (heights in metres)Hainan, separated by the Qiongzhou Strait (琼州海峡) from the Leizhou Peninsula (雷州半岛) of Guangdong, is the largest island administered by the People's Republic of China. However, the PRC claims it's the second largest island since Taiwan is considered the largest. To the West of Hainan is the Gulf of Tonkin. Wuzhi Mountain (1,876 m) is the highest mountain in the island.In the official PRC territorial claim, Hainan Province includes not just one island, but also some 200 South China Sea Islands. The containment of the South China Sea Islands makes Hainan Province have a very large water body, but disproportionally small land area. James Shoal (曾母暗沙 Zengmu Ansha), which is presently marked by the PRC, signifies the country's southernmost border. But the Malaysians also claim it is on their continental shelf.[edit] ClimateHainan has a tropical moist monsoonal climate. Its annual temperature change is less than 15 degrees Celsius. The coldest months are January and February when the temperatures drop to 16 to 21 degrees Celsius; the hottest months are July and August, and the temperatures are 25 to 29 degrees Celsius. Except for the mountainous regions in the central part of the island, the daily average temperature in Hainan is above 10 degrees Celsius, and the integrated temperature during the growing season of the crops reaches 8000 to 9000 degree Celsius-days. The summer in the north is swelteringly hot and, for more than 20 days in a year, the temperature can be higher than 35 degrees Celsius. The average annual precipitation is 1500 to 2000 mm, and may be as high as 2400 mm in central and eastern areas, and as low as 900 mm in the coastal areas of the southwest. The eastern part of Hainan lies in the path of typhoons, and 70% of the annual precipitation is derived from typhoons and the summer rainy season. Major flooding occurs due to the typhoons and they can cause many problem for the local residents.[edit] Rivers and lakesMost of the rivers in Hainan originate in the central area of the island and flow radially in different directions. The Nandu River in the northern part of the island is 314 km long, and its tributary, the Xinwu River, is 109 km long; the Changhua River in the west is 230 km long; and the Wanquan River in the east is 162 km long. Evaporation during the dry season around the coastal areas greatly reduces the flow of the rivers.There are very few natural lakes in Hainan. There is a well-known artificial reservoir, the Songtao Reservoir, in the central-north area.[edit] EconomySince the 1980s, Hainan province has been a Special Economic Zone of China. The province has a reputation for being a Wild West area. Hainan Island is largely untouched by industrialisation and there are few factories.The economy is not subject to the policies of the mainland.Its nominal GDP for 2004 was 76.94 billion yuan (US$9.55 billion), making it the 4th smallest in all of the PRC and contributes just 0.5% to the entire country's economy. Its GDP per capita was 8,270 yuan (US$998).[edit] DemographicsEthnolinguistic Groups of Hainan, 1967 (See entire map, which includes a key)In 2000, the ethnic groups of Hainan included the Han Chinese, known as the Hainanese, who currently make a majority (83% of the population); the Li people (16% of the population); the Miao (Hmong) (0.8%) and the Zhuang (0.7%). The Li are the largest indigenous group on the island in terms of population. Also found on the island are the Utsuls, descendants of Cham refugees, who are classified as Hui by the Chinese government.There are 90,000 Buddhist Hainanese, and 6,500 Muslims. Because Hainan was a point in the travel route of missionaries, there are many Christians: 35,000 Protestants and 4,100 Catholics. Most, if not all, of the 6,500 Muslim Hainanese mentioned above are Hui Chinese living near Sanya.The Han Chinese of Hainan speak a variant of the Min Nan Chinese language, known as Hainanese. Standard Cantonese is understood by many local Hainanese. English is understood by some of the younger generation, but Hainan still largely remains a non-English speaking environment. The Li people have their own language, as do the Miao and Zhuang. The latter three groups would usually speak Standard Mandarin as a second language.[edit] Famous peopleThe poet Su Dongpo (1036-1101) popularized Hainan's isolation and exoticness when he was exiled there under the Song dynasty. The Dongpo Academy was built on the site of the residence where he lived in exile.Hai Rui (1514-1587) was a famous Chinese official of the Ming dynasty. His name has come down in history as a model of honesty and integrity in office.The most famous natives of Hainan are the sisters Song Qingling (Soong Ch'ing-ling), wife of Sun Yatsen, and Song Meiling (Soong Mei-ling), wife of Chiang Kai-shek and a vigorous lobbyist on behalf of the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) in the United States.[edit] FoodHainan cuisine is said to be lighter, with mild seasonings. A lot of local taste is mixed with the Han Chinese taste. The most famous dish is Hainanese chicken rice.[edit] TourismAs Hainan Island is not heavily industrialised, its greenery, together with its beautiful beaches and clean air, make it a popular tourist attraction. The island is accessible through ferry links with Guangdong province, as well as air links. There are two airports, Meilan Airport in Haikou, and Phoenix Airport in Sanya.In December 2004, the Guangdong-Hainan passenger railway link opened, connecting Guangzhou in Guangdong province on the mainland to Hainan Island. The complete trip, which includes crossing the Qiongzhou Strait by ferry, takes a total of 12 hours. The project cost $583 million US and is expected to greatly enhance Hainan's tourism and economic development. This is important because Hainan currently lags well behind Shenzhen and Zhuhai special economic zones, which border Hong Kong and Macao, respetively.Hainan Island is often divided into eight regions for tourism purposes Hainan Island: Haikou and area (Haikou, Qiongshan, Ding'an); the Northeast (Wenchang); the Central East Coast (Qionghai, Ding'an); the South East Coast; the South (Sanya); the West Coast (Ledong, Dongfang, Changilang); the North West (Danzhou, Lingao, Chengmai); and the Central Highlands (Baisha, Qiongzhong, and Wuzhishan\\\/Tongzha).Haikou is the province's capital and contains interesting historic sites. Also known as Coconut City, Haikou is a major port. The Five Official's Temple consists of five traditional temples and halls that were built in honour of five officials of the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties. These officials were banished to Hainan for periods ranging from 11 days to 11 years for speaking out against what they felt were wrong practices by the Emperors. (It is perhaps significant that the establishment of the Five Officials Temple in the late 19th century coincides with a time when China's territorial integrity was under threat, and that several of the officials honoured here were exiled for espousing aggressive policies on the recapture of the north of China from the Jurchens during the Southern Song dynasty.)Luhuitou Peninsula. The word luhuitou means Deer Looking Back in Chinese.Xiuying Fort Barbette was built in 1891 to defend the southeastern corner of China during the Sino-French War. The Xiuying Fort Barbette covers about a third of an acre. Its five large cannons are still intact and viewable at the site.Hairui Tomb is a key national cultural protection site. Hai Rui was a compassionate and popular official of Hainanese origins who lived during the Ming Dynasty. He was famous for his lifelong honesty and his willingness to speak out on behalf of local people. In later life, Hai Rui was persecuted and fell out of favour with the emperor. His admirers built the Hai Rui Tomb after his death to commemorate his great works. Construction of the tomb began in 1589.Perhaps the best known tourist attractions of Hainan Island are its world class beaches, luxurious hot springs, and beautiful scenery. With white sand beaches, tranquil green waters and areas of lush vegetation, Hainan has much to offer. Some top scenic sites are Yalong bay National Resort; Dadonghai Tourist Resort; Qizhi Shan (Seven Finger Mountain), Guantang Hot Spring Resort, Shishan Volcanic Garden; Wanquan River, Baishi Ridge Scenic Zone and Baihua Ridge. Visitors should be aware that once they get to Hainan, there is a dearth of tourist information in English (or Mandarin), so finding how to get to the top tourist sites is not always easy. Compounding this is the abundance of inferior tourist attractions that are rapidly springing up to take advantage of the new tourism economy.Some attractions in Hainan include:Qiong Opera (??) Yalong Wan (??? Crescent Dragon Bay), Sanya City, southern Hainan: 7-km beach. The province has initiated a visa-upon-arrival policy for foreign tourist groups from 21 countries in 2000, in order to attract visitors. It received 380,000 overseas tourists in 2002.[edit] Miscellaneous topicsHainan is a sister province of Jeju island-province of South Korea and of the Canadian island-province of Prince Edward Island. The novel, Red Detachment of Women, by Liang Xin, was set in Hainan. The novel was first adapted to a feature film in the 1950s, and then a ballet in the 1960s as one of the Eight model plays. Most of the people of that time derived their romanticized image of Hainan Island from the scenes in the ballet, particularly that of the vivid forests of coconut trees, the Five-Finger Mountain (Wuzhi Shan), and the Wanquan River. [edit] Further readingD'Arcy Brown, Liam (2003). Green Dragon, Sombre Warrior: travels to China's extremes. London: John Murray



