对北京介绍的一篇导游词。
英文200词
Beijing is the birthplace of Chinese Civilization and one of the six ancient capital cities in China.During the last 3000 years it served as a capital for several dynasties.It is the second largest city in China with a population of more than 11 million.Beijing is neither cold in winter nor very hot in summer.The best seasons in Beijing are Spring and Autumn.Beijing is indeed an ideal place to visit all round the year.Temple of Heaven in the southern part of Beijing is China`s largest existing complex of ancient sacrificial buildings.Occupying an area of 273 hectares,it is three times the area of the Forbidden City.It was built in 1420 for emperors to worship Heaven.The principle buildings include the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests,Imperial Vault of Heaven and Circular Mound Altar.Forbidden City,so called because it was off limits to commoners for 500 years,is the largest and best-preserved cluster of ancient buildings in China.It was home to two dynasties of emperors -the Ming and the Qing - who didnt stray from this pleasure dome unless they absolutely had to.Great Wall of China,Also know n to the Chinese as the 10,000 Li Wall,the Great Wall of China stretches from Shanhaiguan Pass on the east coast to Jiayuguan Pass in the Gobi Desert.Standard histories emphasize the unity of the wall.
中英文对照导游词
北京天安门 中英文导游词Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps: 1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony) 2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower. 3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed. 4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites. 5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”. During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities. On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution. The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept. The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west. The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament. The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely. In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration. On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\\\\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper. Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st. Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features. 2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC); 2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.); 3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.); 4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.) The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949. 3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value. On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai. At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are: 1) The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi; 3) The Revolution of 1911; 4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919; 5) The May 30th Movement of 1925; 6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi; 7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945; 8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”. 4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977. The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children. Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country. In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him. On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country. Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999. 各位游客朋友： 我们我们现在已经来到了天安门广场。
大家可以看一下，我们现在的位置是在天安门广场南北方向的中轴线上，距我们南面的人民英雄纪念碑大约有100米左右的距离。
我们今天在天安门广场游览的时间是30分钟。
大家向我这里聚一下，我先给大家简要介绍一下天安门广场的主要景观。
（手势，向北指）大家先向这边看。
（稍停顿，待游客目光集中于手指方向）我爱北京--天-安-门。
一会儿，我会向大家详细介绍天安门的的沧桑历史。
除了天安门城楼外，我还要向您介绍天安门前的金水桥、以及桥前的华表和石狮。
大家回一下头，您看到了，这就是庄严挺拔的人民英雄纪念碑了，随后我也将向您讲一讲她的故事。
纪念碑南边的建筑就是毛主席纪念堂，我们今天的行程没有安排大家瞻仰毛主席遗容，如果您有意去的话，可以告诉我，我会尽量满足您的愿望。
天安门广场东侧的建筑是中国革命历史博物馆，这里陈列了大量珍贵的革命历史文物。
和她相对着的，（手势，向西指）西边的这座建筑，就是非常著名的人民大会堂。
关于她，一会儿我也会向您做详细介绍。
好好好，大家现在可以在广场上拍照留念。
拍照前我给大家提个醒，大家尽量避免站在这条中轴线上拍照，旗杆可能会影响您的拍摄效果。
另外，大家如果在纪念碑前拍照的话，建议您到纪念碑的那一侧去拍，在这边是逆光，会影响照片的效果。
给大家10分钟时间，拍完照请到这里集合，我在这里等大家. 下面我首先为大家介绍一下天安门城楼。
天安门原为明清两代皇城的正门，始建于明永乐十五年（1417），最初叫做承天门，取承天启运，受命于天之意。
清顺治八年（1651年）重修而改名天安门，含受命于天和安邦治民的意思。
至今已有580多年的历史了，是全国重点文物保护单位。
天安门城楼，建筑在巨大条石砌成的须弥座式城台上，造型庄重浑厚，宏伟典雅，是中国传统建筑艺术的典型代表作之一。
城楼通高34.7米。
城台上的大殿宽九楹（62.77米），进深五楹（27.25米），象征封建帝王的九五至尊。
大殿为重檐歇山式，朱墙黄琉璃瓦顶。
南面设有菱花隔扇门、窗36扇，殿内外立有直径2米的巨柱60根，天花、斗拱、梁枋等处、均绘满了最高等级的金龙和玺彩画，金碧辉煌，极为雄伟壮观。
1988年的元旦，天安门城楼正式对外向游客开放。
在天安门高大的暗红城墙中辟有五个券洞门，明清时代，这里的门、桥行走规制森严，中门为皇帝进出专用。
皇帝每年冬至往天坛祭天，夏至去地坛祭地，孟春赴先农坛耕籍田，都要出入天安门。
那么，在当时，是不是只有皇帝一人才能进出中门呢
这位朋友答的对，不是。
大家知道还有什么人可以走这里吗
（稍做停顿）让我来告诉大家。
此外，皇帝的父母可从中门入宫；皇帝大婚，皇后可从中门进入一次；新科状元等金殿传胪后，可从中门出宫一回。
除此之外，严禁任何人进出，否则是要治重罪的。
中门左右的两座旁门，供宗室王公和三品以上文武百官通行。
过去天安门是座只进喜，不出丧的吉祥之门 好好天安门的设计者是蒯（kuǎi）祥。
蒯祥是江苏吴县人，明初洪武年间生于木匠家庭，他的父亲是一位有名望的木工师傅，能主建大型工程。
蒯祥受父亲影响，从小学艺，勤奋好学，聪慧过人，三十来岁时，已成为才华出众的木工匠师了。
燕王朱棣，也就是后来的永乐皇帝，经靖难之役取得帝位后，决定从南京迁都北京。
永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），明成祖朱棣调集全国各地的能工巧匠前来北京营建工程巨大、难度极高的天安门（初名承天门）等宏伟建筑。
蒯祥以高超的设计方案和精湛的建筑技艺，被推选为皇宫工程的建筑设计师。
当时人们尊称他为蒯鲁班。
蒯祥曾担任建筑皇家宫殿的官吏，直至工部左侍郎等官职，为中国的民族建筑艺术创下了光辉的业绩。
天安门是明清两朝历代帝王金凤颁诏的重地，凡遇国家庆典、新帝即位、皇帝结婚、册立皇后，都需要在此举行颁诏仪式。
届时于城楼大殿前正中设立宣诏台。
由礼部尚书在紫禁城太和殿奉接皇帝诏书，盖上御宝，把诏书敬放在云盘内，捧出太和门，置于抬着的龙亭内，再出午门，登上天安门城楼。
然后将诏书恭放于宣诏台上，由宣诏官进行宣读。
文武百官按等级依次排列于金水桥南，面北而跪恭听。
宣诏完毕，就把皇帝诏书衔放在一只木雕金凤的嘴里，再用黄绒绳从上系下，礼部官员托着朵云盘在下跪接，接着用龙亭将诏书抬到礼部，经黄纸誊写，分送各地，布告天下。
这种颁发封建帝王圣旨礼仪的全过程，就叫做金凤颁诏。
好好我国古代有人生四喜的说法，也就是久旱逢甘霖，他乡遇故知，洞房花烛夜，金榜题名时。
现在，问大家一个有意思的问题，哪位朋友知道，金榜题名的金榜张贴在什么地方
（稍停，待游客猜测）到底在哪里呢
请听我下文分解。
明清时代盛行科举制度，每逢殿试后的第三天，新考中的进士们恭立于天安门金水桥南，等候传呼他们进太和殿朝拜皇帝的礼仪，名叫金殿传胪。
当在太和殿传胪唱名后，礼部官员捧着皇帝钦定的黄榜，带领新科状元、榜眼、探花们出午门，再将黄榜放在龙亭内，在鼓乐仪仗的簇拥下抬出天安门，将黄榜张贴于龙门，也就是当时的长安左门外的龙棚里，公布天下，这里就是张贴金榜的地方，长安左门的位置大致是现在的劳动人民文化宫门前东南侧。
天安门历经沧桑，在新中国成立后，更焕发出了耀人的光彩。
1949年的10月1日，主席在天安门城楼上向全世界宣布了社会主义新中国的诞生，天安门不再是至高无上的封建皇权的象征，而成为了一个新生的人民民主国家的标志，在国徽图案的中央，我们可以看到这座庄严雄伟的建筑。
建国以后，这里成为国家举行重大庆典活动的场所，特别是每逢国庆，党和国家领导人都要登上天安门城楼主持庆典并和各界群众联欢。
天安门前的金水河又称御河、外金水河。
河上横跨七座石桥，中桥正对天安门的中门，叫御路桥，最宽大，雕龙修饰，供帝、后专用。
两旁桥名王公桥，为宗室王公行走。
外侧的两桥称品级桥，供三品以上官员通行。
以上五桥均为三孔。
位于太庙（今劳动人民文化宫）和社稷坛（今中山公园）门前的单孔石桥，叫公生桥，为四品以下官员过往。
那时门、桥行走等级森严，不得有丝毫触犯。
天安门前，也是明清两代进行秋审和朝审的地方。
封建王朝的最高执法机关--刑部衙门，每年五月要把全国各省被判死刑的囚犯名单汇集起来，敬呈皇帝过目。
八月中旬，皇帝诏令有关官员在天安门前进行最后判决，这叫秋审。
朝审则在霜降后举行，主要终审在北京刑部监狱里关押的死刑犯。
这就是为什么以前被判处死刑的人要秋后问斩。
凡经秋审、朝审判处死刑的人，立即推出虎门--长安右门，押赴宣武门外的菜市口等刑场处决。
因此人们对长安左、右门，有龙门与虎门之称。
即凡出'龙门者，荣登金榜，前程似锦；而押出虎门者，则被终判死罪，毫无生还之望。
长安右门的位置大致是在现中山公园门前西南侧。
在天安门南北门外，分别耸立有一对雕刻精美、挺拔秀丽的云龙华表。
据《淮南子·主术训》记载，远在尧舜时代就有街头设表木的做法，用以王者纳谏，征求民众意见以治天下。
到秦汉时期，表木被改为指路标，叫华表。
后来华表经不断美化，便逐渐演变成为中国独具民族建筑特色的艺术装饰品，深为世人所青睐。
系神话传说中的神异物，用汉白玉石雕成蹲于每支华表顶端的承露盘中，双目炯炯有神，密切注视前方。
于天安门里的 脸朝北，双目紧盯皇宫，名望君出，它提醒皇帝不要迷恋深宫生活，而应及时出宫巡视，以利治理天下。
在天安门外一对华表的 则脸朝南，双目向远方眺望，名望君归。
它时时关注皇帝外巡中的行为举止，如不检点或时间长了，望君归就呼唤帝王不得沉米山水、野趣、而应早日回宫，料理国家大事。
好好天安门金水桥前的这一对大石狮，雕工精绝，造型逼真，威武异常。
它们的双目都紧紧注视着天安门前正中的御道（中轴线），以体现它们是封建帝王忠实的卫士身份。
朋友们来看西边的这一只石狮，它的肚皮上有一个深深的洞，这是怎么回事呢
这里有一个很有传奇色彩的故事，据说明代崇祯十七年（1644年）四月，农民起义军首领闯王李自成攻打北京时，当他率军冲进天安门前的T形广场后，只见皇城的大门--承天门就在眼前。
对此，他愤怒地拈弓搭箭，只听嗖….的一声，正射中承天门匾额的天字，顿时众军喝彩，欢声雷动，随后李闯王收起硬弓，挺枪跃马一直奔金水桥冲杀过去。
突然，桥头的两只大石狮张牙舞爪，凶猛阻挡去路。
闯王见此怒不可遏，挺枪刺去，即刻火花四溅，长枪戳向了一只狮子的腹部。
双狮见势不妙，拖着悲惨的哀鸣声，各自退回了原位。
现在的这个洞，就是枪伤疤了。
朋友们，我们面前的这条街就是有神州第一街美誉的长安街。
长安街，当年从长安左门至东单牌楼，名东长安街；从长安右门至西单牌楼，叫西长安街。
古时东西长安街仅3.7公里，有十里长街之称，这是京城历史上有名的天街，其名取自盛唐时代的大都城--长安，含长治久安的之意。
长安街修筑于明朝永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），与皇城同时建造，是明代兴建北京城总体规划的重要组成部分之一。
东西平行走向的长安街，与纵横南北八公里长的御道中轴线，在天安门前正好垂直相交成准确的十字型经纬座标中心点，从而构成了北京城座北朝南，街巷纵横的总体布局。
原东、西长安左、右门前分别均竖有巨型下马碑，上刻官员人等，到此下马。
古代皇宫内是严禁骑马的，除非是金殿传胪时的新科状元，可骑皇帝御赐的高头大马，在长安街上走过，以示皇恩浩荡。
清王朝灭亡后，内城墙中东西两侧的建国门与复兴门在民国二十九年（1940）被打开的。
新中国成立以后，街面被展宽为50-100米，东西长安街的延伸线东达通州，西抵石景山，总长50公里，有百里长街的美称。
大家现在随我通过地下通道去天安门广场，上下台阶时请您注意安全。
（天安门广场） 我们现在处的这个位置是天安门广场，位于北京城的中心。
其南北长880米，东西宽500米，占地面积44万平方米。
可容纳100万人举行盛大的集会、游行，是当今世界上最宏大的城市中心广场和最著名的旅游胜地之一。
在明清时代，天安门广场是一处皇家禁地，由宫墙围护，仅设三门。
即南有大明门（清朝改称大清门，辛亥革命后叫中华门）、东有长安左门、西有长安右门。
三门之间形成一个封闭式的T字形宫廷广场，原是天安门前举行皇家活动的重要场所。
在T形广场的东、西、南三面，当时建有通脊联檐的朝房144间，名叫千步廊，以供场内活动之用。
清代乾隆年间，又在东、西长安左、右门外加筑三座门，严禁行人过往。
那时人们来往于东城和西城之间，需要绕行于大清门以南或地安门以北，极为不便。
在天安门T形广场东、西千步廊外的大片地带，原是明清两代皇家最高官署衙门的集结之地。
如：东侧（今历史博物馆一带）有礼部、户部、吏部、工部、兵部、宗人府、鸿胪寺、钦天监和太医院等中央文职机关。
西侧（人民大会堂一带）设有銮仪卫（御林军）太常寺、通政司和前、中、后、左、右五军都督府等武职机构。
过去有文东武西和东掌生、西掌死之说，指的就是这些关系到人们生死荣辱的封建王朝的最高权力衙门而言。
明清两朝，从天安门T形广场南端的大明门（清时叫大清门，今毛主席纪念堂一带）至正阳门之间，有一块方形场地，宛如棋盘，故有棋盘街之名。
当年人们喜爱在此贩卖风味小吃、小百货，以及表演戏曲、杂耍等，情似庙会，非常热闹。
由于
跪求导游欢迎词，英文版
经典点的
北京，中华人民共和国首都、中央直辖市、中国国家中心城市，中国政治、文化、教育和国际交流中心，同时是中国经济金融的决策中心和管理中心。
北京位于华北平原北端，东南与天津相连，其余为河北省所环绕。
北京有着3000余年的建城史和850余年的建都史，是“中国四大古都”之一，具有一定的国际影响力，其最早见于文献的名称为“蓟”。
北京荟萃了自元明清以来的中华文化，拥有众多名胜古迹和人文景观，是全球拥有世界文化遗产最多的城市。
北京也为华北地区降雨最多的地区之一。
历史悠久的国际高等大学北京大学、清华大学也坐落于北京。
风景名胜北京是全球拥有世界遗产（6处）最多的城市，是全球首个拥有世界地质公园的首都城市。
北京旅游资源丰富，对外开放的旅游景点达200多处，有世界上最大的皇宫紫禁城、祭天神庙天坛、皇家花园北海、皇家园林颐和园和圆明园，还有八达岭长城、慕田峪长城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名胜古迹。
全市共有文物古迹7309项，99处全国重点文物保护单位（含长城和京杭大运河的北京段）、326处市级文物保护单位、5处国家地质公园、15处国家森林公园。
世界文化遗产：故宫、长城、周口店北京人遗址、天坛、颐和园、明十三陵。
世界地质公园：北京房山世界地质公园。
国家级风景名胜区：八达岭―十三陵、石花洞。
中国历史文化名街：国子监街、烟袋斜街。
中国历史文化名镇：密云县古北口镇。
中国历史文化名村。
门头沟区：斋堂镇爨底下村、斋堂镇灵水村、龙泉镇琉璃渠村。
历史文化西周时成为周朝的诸侯国之一的燕国的都城。
自金朝起成为古代中国首都中都。
自元代起，开始成为全中国的首都。
明朝自成祖后开始对北京进行大规模扩建，明朝时期北京成为第一个汉族王朝的首都。
清朝在延续明北京城的基础上又进行了一些修缮和扩建。
至清末北京成为当时世界上最大的城市。
北京有着3000余年的建城史和859余年的建都史。
自秦汉以来北京地区一直是中国北方的军事和商业重镇。
1860年，英法联军打进北京；1900年，八国联军再次打进北京，美丽的北京城受到了非常严重的破坏和洗劫，大量文物被侵略军和坏民劫掠。
1911年辛亥革命后，民国元年1月1日，中华民国定都南京，同年3月迁都北京，直至民国十七年中国国民党北伐军攻占北京，张作霖败回东北，北洋政府下台。
民国伊始，北京的地方体制仍依清制，称顺天府。
直至民国三年，改顺天府为京兆地方，直辖于中央政府北洋政府。
这一时期，北京新建了有轨电车系统，和一批现代的文化教育机构，如清华大学、燕京大学、北京大学、辅仁大学、协和医学院等。
1937年七•七事变后，北平被日本占领。
伪中华民国临时政府在此成立，且将北平改名为北京。
1945年8月21日，入侵北京的日本军队宣布投降，重新更名为北平。
1949年1月31日，中国人民解放军进入北平市，实现对北京的解放。
同年9月27日中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过《关于中华人民共 和国国都、纪年、国歌、国旗的决议》，北平更名为北京。
1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国中央人民政府在北京宣告成立。
宗教文化北京城不仅汇聚了世界上著名的五大宗教（道教、佛教、伊斯兰教、基督教、天主教），而且这五大宗教建筑和文化也各有特色。
比如，现在我们行驶的朝阜路上，短短几公里，就聚居了四个宗教（朝阳门外的东岳庙、东四清真寺、隆福寺、广济寺、历代帝王庙、白塔寺）的建筑，而在北京宣南地区，以北京建城纪念柱为中心的周边地区，可以说聚集了五大宗教的许多著名活动场所。
这些场所有：佛教的天宁寺、法源寺、长椿寺；道教的白云观；基督教珠市口教堂；天主教宣武门教堂（南堂）；伊斯兰教牛街礼拜寺；这种“宗教文化区”在世界大城市中是罕见的，体现了东方“和”的文化氛围，体现了北京城市文化的独特魅力，体现了中华民族的伟大凝聚力。
风俗禁忌北京是座千年古都，历史上，因长期处于中原与北方民族的交汇处，故而曾融合了众多民族的文化、习俗与语言。
久而久之，便产生出了富有本地特色的北京风俗习惯。
例如集吃喝玩乐于一体的北京庙会等。
节日北京的传统节日形式多样、内容丰富，是中华民族悠久历史文化的一个组成部分。
从这些流传至今的节日风俗里，可以清晰地看到古代人民社会生活的精彩画面。
特色的节日如龙庆峡冰灯艺术节、香山红叶节、白云观庙会、东岳庙庙会等。
在北京考<英语>导游证
到当地的旅游局报考，考完中文导游后再交钱加试英语，先是英语笔试过了之后才能参加英语口试，到英语报名的时候会有专门的配套书，这你不用自己着急买.不过据说有本书是不错的，叫英语北京导游，你也可以先买来看看，反正多看点没什么不好，毕竟得快考试了配套的书才能下来呢.英语这东西重在练习么，听往年加试英语的说笔试主要就是汉译英，全部都是景点.再有就是英语导游证下来了不一定能带外国团呢，这证好考，就是个形式的事，一般具备英语四级水平了过这证就没啥问题，重在口语.呵呵~我也想着考英语导游呢，但目前自己英语水平很低，正在找地方学呢.你要知道有什么好的培训点还望给说声昂~呵呵
北京的胡同导游词200字以下
女士们先生们，早上好： 欢迎你们来到北京，欢迎你们参加胡同游。
我叫xx，您也可以叫我Grace.我从小就生长在胡同。
今天我将带大家参观这里，如果您有问题，我将尽力给您满意的回答，使您的胡同之行愉快而难忘。
首先，我将从“胡同”一词说起。
专家认为，“胡同”这个词来源于蒙古语，意思是“井”。
古时候人们生活和聚集在井的周围，所以“胡同”一词的本意应是“人们生活聚集的地方”。
另外一个解释是，在元朝时(公元13世纪)，居民区被分割成几个区域，区域间设过道以便于居民来往。
这些过道的另一个作用就是隔离防火。
在蒙古语中，这种过道称作胡同。
不管它确切意思如何，有一点是可以肯定的，胡同在北京第一次出现是在元朝。
在13世纪初，北方的一个蒙古部落日益强大。
在部落首领成吉思汗的率领下，他们占领了金朝国都-北京。
公元1271年，成吉思汗的孙子忽必烈建立元朝，1272年立北京为国都。
不幸的是在战争中城市被彻底毁坏了，因此不得不重新修建。
古时候，建筑和道路需要建成对称型，因此他们必须找一个中心，根据中心修建城市，整个城市的设计如同一个棋盘。
大约要建50多个住宅区，住宅区之间由道路和胡同连接。
在当时，大道、街道、胡同都有明确的概念。
37米宽为大道，街道宽为18米，胡同为9米宽。
今天我们看到的大多数胡同是明清两代产物，没有人能够确切的说出北京有多少胡同。
但有一点很清楚，如果将各个胡同连接起来，总长度超过著名的万里长城。
说的更清楚些，相当于从西雅图修一条高速路直达波士顿，这可是横穿美国大陆啊!今天您可以发现不同形状、长度和方向的胡同。
最短的胡同只有10米长，最窄的胡同仅40厘米宽，也就是说象我这样的身材需要侧身走才能穿过胡同，还有些胡同有20多个弯。
随着人口的增长，一些老胡同被拔地而起的高楼取代。
今天，我很高兴带大家去保护完好的胡同参观，相信这会使您对典型的中国居民生活有更深的了解。
好吧，出发! 当我们进入胡同时，您也许发现几乎所有的墙和砖都是灰色的。
其实，在这些墙的后面就是居民的家，我们称其为“四合院”。
也就是一个长方形的围墙围着四间屋子，每间屋子的门朝着院子中间。
过去，一个四合院只属于一个家庭，而现在随着人口的增长，大多数四合院住四至十户人家。
在胡同中我们只能看见四合院的大门。
古时候的中国人不希望有陌生人来打扰，因此从大门的样子就可以看出主人的身份和地位。
例如这个门，又高又大，门檐有砖雕装饰。
仔细看它的图案，李子花和竹子，这意味着这里的主人曾是侍奉皇帝左右的王公大臣。
看旁边的门，有狮子的图案，这说明这里曾住着武官。
有趣吧? 让我们看看门口中，几乎每个门口都有一条横木，您们还记得我们在故宫和颐和园也看到同样的横木吗?它的作用是驱邪避难。
民间传说小鬼很矮，他们无法跳过高的台阶，所以设此横木。
这两块靠着横木的石头叫门枕，它对大门起到加固的作用。
同样，它也有装饰的作用。
这两个象鼓一样的石头叫抱鼓石，在它的顶部有一只狮子，在前面刻有左右两只嘴含铜钱的蝙蝠。
在中国，人们非常喜欢蝙蝠，因为它的发音与福气的福相同，用它来作装饰可以给你带来好运。
一些门枕是长方形的，它们是在抱鼓石之后出现的。
它们是近100年的产物，一般出现在中小型四合院门口，一般以花和神装饰。
过去，交通不象现在这样发达，街头小贩在胡同中起到重要作用，他们往来于胡同间，贩卖各种货品或提供各种服务。
人们可以从不同的叫卖声中辨别他们要卖什么或提供什么样的服务。
他们卖的食品主要是煎饼、小米粥、油炸果、油条和一些蔬菜。
理发师则不需要吆喝，他只需要拿着理发工具做好本职工作即可。
但是在现在，这里已是现代化生活氛围，已经很难听到老北京那清脆的叫卖声了。
那边坐着一群人，你们知道他们正在做什么呢?他们在修新长城呢!他们使用的是最新的砖——麻将牌。
它是非常流行的消遣方式，特别在退休的老年人中倍受青睐。
您也许想问，为什么一些老年人系着红箍?他们居委会志愿者，他们认为这是他们的义务。
如果您认为他们年纪太大而不能胜任治安员工作，那您就错了。
因为有了这些可爱的老人，这一地区才会有和平而安全的环境。
胡同生活的最大魅力在于人与人之间的友好交往。
孩子们在一起长大，如同一家人一样。
因此，我国政府打算保护这一地区，没有政府批准，不得在这一地区拆盖高楼，为我们的子孙后代保留这份宝贵遗产。
时间真快!我们就要结束今天的旅行了。
您一定了解到许多我们传统生活方式和房屋情况，我希望您不仅大饱眼福，而且更了解胡同文化和这里的人们。
如果有一天您再次来访，我将邀请您来我家做客。
谢谢大家!希望大家尽情享受余下的中国之旅!
谁能提供圆明园和世界公园的英文导游词!急!
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together the most narrow beard of Peking(left diagram and descend diagram), locating an ex- door outside jewelry City avenue.In the past this beard together all of insides were together money shops, so called beard in money City.The beard wins the most narrow place to only have 80 cms of the breadths together, two people meet only the side wear body and then can pass by.The beard is together long to be about 3410 meters.Old Peking beard togetherThe beard is together a great special features of Peking.When a modernize international metropolis in the beard together of up rise straight from the ground of time, people are worrying:Would the beard elapse together?As it does probably just, someone again 拣 has 1 to seem to be an old topic:Beard together is how become streets and lanes of name of?Is this phrase to how builds out?Put forward new look, so today again old words heavy say.A, beard together isn't a Chinese language at the beginningBeard same phrase sees a various dollar a miscellaneous song at the beginning.Close 汉卿《broad sword meeting 》medium, there is the language ofkill a blood beard together.Dollar miscellaneous play 《sand door the island piece living to cook sea 》medium, the piece feather asks plum joss-stick:Where is your house lived?The plum joss-stick says:My house lives the brick tower son beard together.The brick tower beard is together four south avenues at the west, the place name change up to now.Dollar person bear dream 祥著《the ambition of 析津》medium say understand:The beard is two words this dialect.Dialect where, dollar mostly of.Clear person the plad says further in 《 the 宛 office miscellaneously record 》 :Beard together this person's language.Since is a dollar person's language, that can't be the Chinese language.The dollar generation divides the line a person to four to wait:Mongols, the eyes person of the color, Hahn people, south person.So-called Hahn people, point Hahn people, female true person, the person of 契丹 , tall 丽 person of north.These four kinds of people not same race, also don't use same language.Sodollar person's language's ising also affirmative isn't south person's language, as for color eyes person, include of the race is more.For this reasondollar person's language can be a language Mongolia.Three, the strange name is original in the transliterationSome beards in Peking together of name ream the person is strange, can't explain because of using Chinese language.But, if the name making these beards becoming Mongolia the language together, very hermeneutic.Try to raise several example:The excrement hull 郎 beard together, this name has another unpleasant to hear, much ugly!Why do the at the beginning this place residents start to want so name?In fact this name translate Mongolia the language is sweet water well!There is one墨 river beard together in the dynasty, Mongolia the meaning of the language is have the well of flavor son, being probably polluted.In addition, such as drum 哨 beard together(or write to do hoop 筲 a beard together), hard water well;Chrysanthemum son beard together or bureau son beard together, double well;碾 Son beard together or 辇 son beard together, thin well;Ba's son beard together, small well;The horse good beard together or the beard of 蚂螂 provide the well of animal drinking together and particularly ……There is still not a few hat beard together in Peking.Hat beard together Mongolia language is bad well, break well of meaning, plus one surname before, express this bad well belongs to the a certain and privately owned.This not is lead long strong false assumption, the white hat beard has onewhite return to beard together together and side and once, elucidation here once is a white surname the 穆斯 wood's residence.But there is once onehouse beard together inpig hair beard together neighborhood, explained to really once live here surname somebody else.茅 Beard's ising together nearby is the red bayberry bamboo inclined street.这些应该够了吧``不够在给我发邮件我给你发``375033038@qq.com
