中英文对照导游词
北京天安门 中英文导游词Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps: 1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony) 2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower. 3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed. 4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites. 5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”. During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities. On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution. The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept. The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west. The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament. The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely. In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration. On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\\\\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper. Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st. Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features. 2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC); 2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.); 3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.); 4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.) The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949. 3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value. On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai. At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are: 1) The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi; 3) The Revolution of 1911; 4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919; 5) The May 30th Movement of 1925; 6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi; 7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945; 8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”. 4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977. The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children. Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country. In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him. On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country. Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999. 各位游客朋友： 我们我们现在已经来到了天安门广场。
大家可以看一下，我们现在的位置是在天安门广场南北方向的中轴线上，距我们南面的人民英雄纪念碑大约有100米左右的距离。
我们今天在天安门广场游览的时间是30分钟。
大家向我这里聚一下，我先给大家简要介绍一下天安门广场的主要景观。
（手势，向北指）大家先向这边看。
（稍停顿，待游客目光集中于手指方向）我爱北京--天-安-门。
一会儿，我会向大家详细介绍天安门的的沧桑历史。
除了天安门城楼外，我还要向您介绍天安门前的金水桥、以及桥前的华表和石狮。
大家回一下头，您看到了，这就是庄严挺拔的人民英雄纪念碑了，随后我也将向您讲一讲她的故事。
纪念碑南边的建筑就是毛主席纪念堂，我们今天的行程没有安排大家瞻仰毛主席遗容，如果您有意去的话，可以告诉我，我会尽量满足您的愿望。
天安门广场东侧的建筑是中国革命历史博物馆，这里陈列了大量珍贵的革命历史文物。
和她相对着的，（手势，向西指）西边的这座建筑，就是非常著名的人民大会堂。
关于她，一会儿我也会向您做详细介绍。
好好好，大家现在可以在广场上拍照留念。
拍照前我给大家提个醒，大家尽量避免站在这条中轴线上拍照，旗杆可能会影响您的拍摄效果。
另外，大家如果在纪念碑前拍照的话，建议您到纪念碑的那一侧去拍，在这边是逆光，会影响照片的效果。
给大家10分钟时间，拍完照请到这里集合，我在这里等大家. 下面我首先为大家介绍一下天安门城楼。
天安门原为明清两代皇城的正门，始建于明永乐十五年（1417），最初叫做承天门，取承天启运，受命于天之意。
清顺治八年（1651年）重修而改名天安门，含受命于天和安邦治民的意思。
至今已有580多年的历史了，是全国重点文物保护单位。
天安门城楼，建筑在巨大条石砌成的须弥座式城台上，造型庄重浑厚，宏伟典雅，是中国传统建筑艺术的典型代表作之一。
城楼通高34.7米。
城台上的大殿宽九楹（62.77米），进深五楹（27.25米），象征封建帝王的九五至尊。
大殿为重檐歇山式，朱墙黄琉璃瓦顶。
南面设有菱花隔扇门、窗36扇，殿内外立有直径2米的巨柱60根，天花、斗拱、梁枋等处、均绘满了最高等级的金龙和玺彩画，金碧辉煌，极为雄伟壮观。
1988年的元旦，天安门城楼正式对外向游客开放。
在天安门高大的暗红城墙中辟有五个券洞门，明清时代，这里的门、桥行走规制森严，中门为皇帝进出专用。
皇帝每年冬至往天坛祭天，夏至去地坛祭地，孟春赴先农坛耕籍田，都要出入天安门。
那么，在当时，是不是只有皇帝一人才能进出中门呢
这位朋友答的对，不是。
大家知道还有什么人可以走这里吗
（稍做停顿）让我来告诉大家。
此外，皇帝的父母可从中门入宫；皇帝大婚，皇后可从中门进入一次；新科状元等金殿传胪后，可从中门出宫一回。
除此之外，严禁任何人进出，否则是要治重罪的。
中门左右的两座旁门，供宗室王公和三品以上文武百官通行。
过去天安门是座只进喜，不出丧的吉祥之门 好好天安门的设计者是蒯（kuǎi）祥。
蒯祥是江苏吴县人，明初洪武年间生于木匠家庭，他的父亲是一位有名望的木工师傅，能主建大型工程。
蒯祥受父亲影响，从小学艺，勤奋好学，聪慧过人，三十来岁时，已成为才华出众的木工匠师了。
燕王朱棣，也就是后来的永乐皇帝，经靖难之役取得帝位后，决定从南京迁都北京。
永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），明成祖朱棣调集全国各地的能工巧匠前来北京营建工程巨大、难度极高的天安门（初名承天门）等宏伟建筑。
蒯祥以高超的设计方案和精湛的建筑技艺，被推选为皇宫工程的建筑设计师。
当时人们尊称他为蒯鲁班。
蒯祥曾担任建筑皇家宫殿的官吏，直至工部左侍郎等官职，为中国的民族建筑艺术创下了光辉的业绩。
天安门是明清两朝历代帝王金凤颁诏的重地，凡遇国家庆典、新帝即位、皇帝结婚、册立皇后，都需要在此举行颁诏仪式。
届时于城楼大殿前正中设立宣诏台。
由礼部尚书在紫禁城太和殿奉接皇帝诏书，盖上御宝，把诏书敬放在云盘内，捧出太和门，置于抬着的龙亭内，再出午门，登上天安门城楼。
然后将诏书恭放于宣诏台上，由宣诏官进行宣读。
文武百官按等级依次排列于金水桥南，面北而跪恭听。
宣诏完毕，就把皇帝诏书衔放在一只木雕金凤的嘴里，再用黄绒绳从上系下，礼部官员托着朵云盘在下跪接，接着用龙亭将诏书抬到礼部，经黄纸誊写，分送各地，布告天下。
这种颁发封建帝王圣旨礼仪的全过程，就叫做金凤颁诏。
好好我国古代有人生四喜的说法，也就是久旱逢甘霖，他乡遇故知，洞房花烛夜，金榜题名时。
现在，问大家一个有意思的问题，哪位朋友知道，金榜题名的金榜张贴在什么地方
（稍停，待游客猜测）到底在哪里呢
请听我下文分解。
明清时代盛行科举制度，每逢殿试后的第三天，新考中的进士们恭立于天安门金水桥南，等候传呼他们进太和殿朝拜皇帝的礼仪，名叫金殿传胪。
当在太和殿传胪唱名后，礼部官员捧着皇帝钦定的黄榜，带领新科状元、榜眼、探花们出午门，再将黄榜放在龙亭内，在鼓乐仪仗的簇拥下抬出天安门，将黄榜张贴于龙门，也就是当时的长安左门外的龙棚里，公布天下，这里就是张贴金榜的地方，长安左门的位置大致是现在的劳动人民文化宫门前东南侧。
天安门历经沧桑，在新中国成立后，更焕发出了耀人的光彩。
1949年的10月1日，主席在天安门城楼上向全世界宣布了社会主义新中国的诞生，天安门不再是至高无上的封建皇权的象征，而成为了一个新生的人民民主国家的标志，在国徽图案的中央，我们可以看到这座庄严雄伟的建筑。
建国以后，这里成为国家举行重大庆典活动的场所，特别是每逢国庆，党和国家领导人都要登上天安门城楼主持庆典并和各界群众联欢。
天安门前的金水河又称御河、外金水河。
河上横跨七座石桥，中桥正对天安门的中门，叫御路桥，最宽大，雕龙修饰，供帝、后专用。
两旁桥名王公桥，为宗室王公行走。
外侧的两桥称品级桥，供三品以上官员通行。
以上五桥均为三孔。
位于太庙（今劳动人民文化宫）和社稷坛（今中山公园）门前的单孔石桥，叫公生桥，为四品以下官员过往。
那时门、桥行走等级森严，不得有丝毫触犯。
天安门前，也是明清两代进行秋审和朝审的地方。
封建王朝的最高执法机关--刑部衙门，每年五月要把全国各省被判死刑的囚犯名单汇集起来，敬呈皇帝过目。
八月中旬，皇帝诏令有关官员在天安门前进行最后判决，这叫秋审。
朝审则在霜降后举行，主要终审在北京刑部监狱里关押的死刑犯。
这就是为什么以前被判处死刑的人要秋后问斩。
凡经秋审、朝审判处死刑的人，立即推出虎门--长安右门，押赴宣武门外的菜市口等刑场处决。
因此人们对长安左、右门，有龙门与虎门之称。
即凡出'龙门者，荣登金榜，前程似锦；而押出虎门者，则被终判死罪，毫无生还之望。
长安右门的位置大致是在现中山公园门前西南侧。
在天安门南北门外，分别耸立有一对雕刻精美、挺拔秀丽的云龙华表。
据《淮南子·主术训》记载，远在尧舜时代就有街头设表木的做法，用以王者纳谏，征求民众意见以治天下。
到秦汉时期，表木被改为指路标，叫华表。
后来华表经不断美化，便逐渐演变成为中国独具民族建筑特色的艺术装饰品，深为世人所青睐。
系神话传说中的神异物，用汉白玉石雕成蹲于每支华表顶端的承露盘中，双目炯炯有神，密切注视前方。
于天安门里的 脸朝北，双目紧盯皇宫，名望君出，它提醒皇帝不要迷恋深宫生活，而应及时出宫巡视，以利治理天下。
在天安门外一对华表的 则脸朝南，双目向远方眺望，名望君归。
它时时关注皇帝外巡中的行为举止，如不检点或时间长了，望君归就呼唤帝王不得沉米山水、野趣、而应早日回宫，料理国家大事。
好好天安门金水桥前的这一对大石狮，雕工精绝，造型逼真，威武异常。
它们的双目都紧紧注视着天安门前正中的御道（中轴线），以体现它们是封建帝王忠实的卫士身份。
朋友们来看西边的这一只石狮，它的肚皮上有一个深深的洞，这是怎么回事呢
这里有一个很有传奇色彩的故事，据说明代崇祯十七年（1644年）四月，农民起义军首领闯王李自成攻打北京时，当他率军冲进天安门前的T形广场后，只见皇城的大门--承天门就在眼前。
对此，他愤怒地拈弓搭箭，只听嗖….的一声，正射中承天门匾额的天字，顿时众军喝彩，欢声雷动，随后李闯王收起硬弓，挺枪跃马一直奔金水桥冲杀过去。
突然，桥头的两只大石狮张牙舞爪，凶猛阻挡去路。
闯王见此怒不可遏，挺枪刺去，即刻火花四溅，长枪戳向了一只狮子的腹部。
双狮见势不妙，拖着悲惨的哀鸣声，各自退回了原位。
现在的这个洞，就是枪伤疤了。
朋友们，我们面前的这条街就是有神州第一街美誉的长安街。
长安街，当年从长安左门至东单牌楼，名东长安街；从长安右门至西单牌楼，叫西长安街。
古时东西长安街仅3.7公里，有十里长街之称，这是京城历史上有名的天街，其名取自盛唐时代的大都城--长安，含长治久安的之意。
长安街修筑于明朝永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），与皇城同时建造，是明代兴建北京城总体规划的重要组成部分之一。
东西平行走向的长安街，与纵横南北八公里长的御道中轴线，在天安门前正好垂直相交成准确的十字型经纬座标中心点，从而构成了北京城座北朝南，街巷纵横的总体布局。
原东、西长安左、右门前分别均竖有巨型下马碑，上刻官员人等，到此下马。
古代皇宫内是严禁骑马的，除非是金殿传胪时的新科状元，可骑皇帝御赐的高头大马，在长安街上走过，以示皇恩浩荡。
清王朝灭亡后，内城墙中东西两侧的建国门与复兴门在民国二十九年（1940）被打开的。
新中国成立以后，街面被展宽为50-100米，东西长安街的延伸线东达通州，西抵石景山，总长50公里，有百里长街的美称。
大家现在随我通过地下通道去天安门广场，上下台阶时请您注意安全。
（天安门广场） 我们现在处的这个位置是天安门广场，位于北京城的中心。
其南北长880米，东西宽500米，占地面积44万平方米。
可容纳100万人举行盛大的集会、游行，是当今世界上最宏大的城市中心广场和最著名的旅游胜地之一。
在明清时代，天安门广场是一处皇家禁地，由宫墙围护，仅设三门。
即南有大明门（清朝改称大清门，辛亥革命后叫中华门）、东有长安左门、西有长安右门。
三门之间形成一个封闭式的T字形宫廷广场，原是天安门前举行皇家活动的重要场所。
在T形广场的东、西、南三面，当时建有通脊联檐的朝房144间，名叫千步廊，以供场内活动之用。
清代乾隆年间，又在东、西长安左、右门外加筑三座门，严禁行人过往。
那时人们来往于东城和西城之间，需要绕行于大清门以南或地安门以北，极为不便。
在天安门T形广场东、西千步廊外的大片地带，原是明清两代皇家最高官署衙门的集结之地。
如：东侧（今历史博物馆一带）有礼部、户部、吏部、工部、兵部、宗人府、鸿胪寺、钦天监和太医院等中央文职机关。
西侧（人民大会堂一带）设有銮仪卫（御林军）太常寺、通政司和前、中、后、左、右五军都督府等武职机构。
过去有文东武西和东掌生、西掌死之说，指的就是这些关系到人们生死荣辱的封建王朝的最高权力衙门而言。
明清两朝，从天安门T形广场南端的大明门（清时叫大清门，今毛主席纪念堂一带）至正阳门之间，有一块方形场地，宛如棋盘，故有棋盘街之名。
当年人们喜爱在此贩卖风味小吃、小百货，以及表演戏曲、杂耍等，情似庙会，非常热闹。
由于
北京天坛导游词
各位游客，你们好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。
天坛是明朝建成的祭天圣坛，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。
天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北圆南方，寓意天圆地方。
乾隆年间，将大祀殿改为现在的祈年殿，将屋顶瓦片改成蓝色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
这一祭天圣地，在1860年遭到了的洗劫，1900年又遭到的蹂躏。
以后，这里成了著名的旅游景点，来这里的除了旅游者，还有很多健身的人们。
现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始游览。
现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。
圜丘有两道围护墙，外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。
每道墙都有四组门，大家可以注意到，门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大；皇帝只能从左侧的门进入；而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。
来到圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过要请您留心数一数，每层坛面都有多少台阶。
到了最高层，大家会发现，坛上所有的台阶数，都是九或者九的倍数。
这些难道都是巧合么?当然不是，因为古人认为九是极阳数，所以工匠们便用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛“崇高”之意。
说完了神坛的奇妙，我再给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。
到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。
在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是这块天心石。
它是天坛三大声学现象之一。
在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，各位游客不妨体验一下，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，它的正殿就是皇穹宇。
皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了“至高无上”“天”“宇宙”的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。
这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的“天心石”合称天坛三大声学现象。
回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙十分平滑，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰地听到对方说话。
三音石是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，站在第二块石头上拍手可以听到两次，而站在第三块石头上拍手就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们即将走进祈谷坛了，祈谷坛的主体建筑就是祈年殿，祈年殿是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。
圆形尖屋顶是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。
和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。
在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外焚烧，送上天宫。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条长廊，是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。
今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。
同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。
参考资料：地图团祝您一帆风顺。
写一篇关于故宫的 导游词二百字
各位朋友，先自我介绍一下……。
今天我将带大家参观故宫博物院，现在我先为大家作个简单介绍。
故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。
故宫又叫紫禁城。
紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。
1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。
故宫座北朝南，开有四条门。
各位朋友，这里就是故宫的正门，叫午门，意思是正午的太阳光芒四射。
各位请看
在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上面看就象五只展翅欲飞的凤凰，故午门又称五凤楼。
它建成于公元1420年，位于端门之北，雄伟壮观。
各位朋友，现在我们已经进入故宫。
这里是故宫第一进院落，首先出现在我们面前的是五座汉白玉石桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。
金水桥下是内金水河，跨过金水桥就来到了太和门广场，这里就是明代皇帝御门听政时百官待驾的地方。
好，下面请各位去参观末代皇帝溥仪举行登基大典礼的太和殿。
现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落--太和殿及其广场，这里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。
好
这里可以拍下远处太和殿的全景，各位可以在此留个影，过一会儿，我再给大家介绍一下太和殿。
各位朋友，我们眼前的太和殿是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑，只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用，象征皇权的至高无上，太和殿俗称金銮殿，是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。
太和殿始建于公元1420年，当时叫奉天殿。
后来，该叫皇极殿。
清顺治皇帝登基后，重修三大殿，并将皇极殿改为太和殿。
太和殿高35米，东西长64米，南北宽33米，面积为2377平方米。
它面阔十一间，进深5间，规模为紫禁城内大殿之最。
装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。
殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”，那是皇帝认为“老子天下第一”思想的体现。
看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。
大家请看
中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。
下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。
各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。
这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场，自乾隆皇帝以后，这里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。
好啦
故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束，现在请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息，我们10分钟后集合，谢谢大家
各位，故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。
“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。
“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。
现在，我介绍一下故宫的后半部分，即“后寝”。
各位朋友，现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。
乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。
正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。
东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。
由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。
各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。
在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。
各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。
大家可以在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。
好啦，各位朋友，故宫中路的讲解到此结束。
冰雪大世界英语简介
第一届冰雪大世界时逢千年庆典，千载难逢，为了迎接这一旷世盛典，哈尔滨人民以其特有的魄力，在松花江上建起一座冰雪迪斯尼乐园，哈尔滨松花江冰雪大世界。
The first session of ice and snow world is one thousand celebration, a lifetime, in order to meet the university awards, Harbin people by its unique insight, put up a Disneyland, snow and ice in songhua river in Harbin ice and snow world. 为迎接2000年的到来，国家游局和中央电视台将在世纪庆典之际举办的千年庆典活动。
哈尔滨以中国北方最具特色的旅游名城成为与国家旅游办神州世纪首游的唯一城市。
为了使千年庆典神州世纪游活动办得更加隆重热烈，哈滨市政府决定第一届冰雪节开幕式于1999年12月31日与哈滨千年庆典神州世纪游首游式同时举行。
面对千载难逢的历史性机遇，充分发挥哈尔滨的冰雪时空优势，进一步运用大手笔，架构大格局，哈尔滨隆重推出规模空前的超大型冰雪艺术精品工程——哈尔滨松花江冰雪大世界，向世人展示北方名城哈尔滨冰雪文化和冰雪旅游的独特魅力。
中央电视台通过卫星向全世界转播了庆典盛况。
届时还举办了规模盛大、场面壮观的大型焰火晚会和千年庆典狂欢夜大型群众活动，显示了哈尔滨的独具特色的冰雪魅力。
To welcome the arrival of 2000, the national tourism bureau and China central television (CCTV) will be held in century celebration festivities in one thousand. Harbin in northern China's most outstanding tourist city into the national tourism administration manages the only city shenzhou century first swim. In order to make the celebration of the shenzhou one thousand century tour activities do more warm, ha marina city government decided to the first session of ice and snow festival opening ceremony on December 31, 1999 and the marina swim swim first celebration in one thousand China century type at the same time. In the face of historical opportunity comes once in a blue moon, give full play to the advantages of time and space, snow and ice in Harbin further use, architectural pattern, Harbin has very large on an unprecedented scale of ice and snow art high-quality goods project - Harbin songhua river ice and snow world, to show the northern city of Harbin ice and snow culture and unique charm of ice and snow tourism. China central television broadcast the event all over the world via satellite. Then also held a grand scale, spectacle of large-scale fireworks party and celebration carnival night large mass activities in one thousand, shows the unique charm of ice and snow in Harbin. 哈尔滨松花江冰雪大世界位于松花江段江心沙滩，全长1030米，最宽处25米，总占地面积近20万平方米，总用冰量6万立方米，总用雪量13万立方米，工程项目500余项，总投资3000多万元。
5000余名建筑工人参加建设，投入大小运冰车辆600余台。
工程于1999年11月22日开始前期工作，12月4日始进行施工，历时33天，于12月25日竣工验收。
Harbin ice and snow world is located in the songhua river section of songhua river jiangxin beach, total length of 1030 meters, at its widest point 25 meters, the total area of nearly 200000 square meters, total YongBingLiang 60000 cubic meters, always with volume of 130000 cubic meters of snow, more than 500 engineering projects, a total investment of more than 3000 ten thousand yuan. More than 5000 construction workers to participate in the construction, investment size of more than 600 vehicles of ice. Project to start on November 22, 1999, 4 December beginning of construction, after 33 days, completion inspection and acceptance on December 25. 冰雪大世界园区1Ice and snow world park 1 冰雪大世界园区1(20张)Ice and snow world park 1 (20) 整个园区建设以“世纪门”、“欢乐门”、“卡通门”3座大门为中心，形成东、西、中3大部分，包括“世纪之声”、“卡通世界”、“冒险乐园”、“冰上风情”、“雪场欢歌”5大景区：一是以千年庆典活动为主题的“世纪之声”景区，由神龙、世纪钟楼、回归之声和世纪舞台四个广场组成，主要包括千禧龙、世纪门、二龙戏水、世纪钟、华表、欢乐柱廊、香港会展中心、澳门大三巴牌坊、台湾赤嵌楼、哈尔滨50年辉煌成就展廊等景观；二是以少年儿童娱乐活动为主题的“卡通世界”景区，设有玉免迎春、北国风光、雪地逐鹿、松鹤延年、海底世界、白雪公主、圣诞老人、俄罗斯之旅八个组团式景区和七彩宝塔、雪山卧佛、古堡情思、雪孩子、雪屋子等多处景点，以及长城、动物造型的滑梯和欢乐迷宫等适合少年儿童年龄特点的冰雪娱乐设施；三是以趣味性参与活动为主题的“冒险乐园”景区，设有雪山索道，攀冰岩、北极寻踪等惊险刺激的娱乐项目；四是以冰上活动为主题的“冰上风情”景区，设有滑冰场、冰雕区、抽冰尜区、神秘峡谷、时光隧道等冰上娱乐项目，以及供游人取暖、休息的暖房、蒙古包风情园；五是以雪上活动为主题的“雪场欢歌”景区，设有滑雪场、雪地足球场、雪地摩托项目，以及雪塔、塞外风车等景点。
松花江冰雪大世界工程气势恢弘、匠心独具、魅力独特，融思想性、趣味性、观赏性、参与性、娱乐性于一园，创造了哈尔滨冰雪建筑作品七个历史之最。
The entire park construction with \\\\the door\\\\, \\\\joy\\\\, \\\\cartoon\\\\ three doors as the center, formed in the east, west, three parts, including \\\\the voice of the century\\\\, \\\\cartoon world\\\\, \\\\adventure playground\\\\, \\\\ice amorous feelings\\\\, \\\\ski resorts song\\\\ five scenic spots: one thousand celebration as the theme in the \\\\voice of the century\\\\ of the scenic area, by the sound of the dragon, century bell tower, regression and the stage of four square, mainly includes the millennium dragon, the door, two dragon paddle, century clock, huabiao, joy colonnade, Hong Kong convention and exhibition center, the ruins of st. Paul, Taiwan ChiQianLou, Harbin 50 years achievements exhibits corridor landscape; Children's recreational activities as the theme in the \\\\cartoon world\\\\ of the scenic area, both with jade from winter jasmine, northland scenery, snow, pine crane live, underwater world, Snow White, Santa Claus, trip to Russia's eight scenic spots and discus depended sleeping Buddha pagodas, snow mountain, the emotion, snow castle children, many sights, such as snow house, as well as the Great Wall, animal model of the slide and joy maze for children age characteristics of ice and snow entertainment facilities such as; Three is interesting to participate in activities as the theme of \\\\adventure playground\\\\ scenic area, equipped with snow mountain cableway, ice climbing rocks, such as the pursuit of exciting entertainment projects; Ice activities as the theme in four \\\\ice amorous feelings\\\\ of the scenic area, there is ice skating rink, ice sculpture, smoke ice Ga, mysterious valley, the time tunnel, such as ice entertainment, as well as for visitors to keep warm and rest of greenhouses and ger garden; Snow activities as the theme in five \\\\ski resorts song\\\\ scenic spot, with ski resorts, snow football stadium, snowmobiling project, tower, the Great Wall scenic spots such as windmills and snow. Songhua river ice and snow world engineering grand, unique, unique charm, thoughtful, interesting, appreciation, participation, entertainment in one park, creating the architectural works seven historical Harbin ice and snow. 2第二届2 the second 哈尔滨第二届冰雪大世界风景Harbin second ice and snow world scenery 哈尔滨第二届冰雪大世界风景Harbin second ice and snow world scenery 第二届冰雪大世界游园会于2000年12月25日至2001年2月28日在中国哈尔滨市举行。
园址位于哈尔滨市美丽的松花江畔斯大林公司及江心沙滩。
占地29万平方米，分4大区域、23个主题景区。
总用冰量7万立方米，总用雪景15万立方米，是当时世界上最大的人工冰雪游乐园。
包括彩色冰制品在内的数千件冰雪艺术精品遍布园区各个角落，令人目不暇接、赏心悦目。
几十项雄伟壮观的巨型冰建筑和巍峨的雪山群雕具有强烈的视觉冲击力和震撼力，使人大开眼界、看得过瘾。
溜冰、滑雪、堆雪人、打滑梯、迪士高、化装舞会、冬季垂钓、民俗村冬令营等上百项娱乐活动、使人玩得开心，乐而忘返。
园内设有餐饮、各式冰点、俄式快餐、特色旅游纪念品、出租棉衣和运动器械等全套商服，大饱口福的同时也带回了珍藏的记忆。
The second session of ice and snow world garden party on December 25, 2000 to February 28, 2001, held in Harbin, China. Ood the songhua river in Harbin city beautiful Stalin company and jiangxin beach. Covers an area of 290000 square meters, four large area, 23 theme scenic spots. Total YongBingLiang 70000 cubic meters, the total use snow 70000 cubic meters, was the world's largest artificial ice amusement park. Including color ice products, thousands of pieces of ice and snow art high-quality goods found in all corners of the park, the dizzying, feast for the eyes. Dozens of buildings and towering majestic giant ice snow mountain sculpture has strong visual impact and shock, make the person eyes, see more enjoyable. Skating, skiing, make a snowman, playing slide, disco, fancy dress party, winter hundreds of entertainment activities such as fishing, folk village winter camp, make people have a good time, blissfully unaware. It has restaurants, all kinds of freezing point, Russian fast, special tourism souvenir, lease cotton-padded clothes and sports equipment such as a full set of ShangFu, big full the luck to eat STH delicious at the same time also brought back memories of the collection. 第二届冰雪大世界首次引进“人造小太阳”、激光组合等高科技手段，园区夜晚成为奇幻多姿、绚丽夺目的人间仙境。
The second ice and snow world first introduction of little \\\\man-made sun\\\\, high-tech means, such as the laser combination park at night as the fairyland fantasy spectacular and gorgeous. 3第三届3 the third 第三届冰雪大世界位于江北哈黑公路东侧上坞区，总体布局以The third session of ice and snow world is located in the jiangbei, black dock area road on the east side, to the overall layout 哈尔滨第三届冰雪大世界风景Harbin the third session of ice and snow world scenery 哈尔滨第三届冰雪大世界风景Harbin the third session of ice and snow world scenery 现有的道路为骨架，结合地形地貌，沿上坞堤布园置景。
园内利用青杨路作为中轴线建成两轴一环园内道路，连接景区景点；园外利用榔榆路、上坞堤路和龙柏路形成围合整个园区的周边环路。
The existing road for the skeleton, combined with the topography and geomorphology, along the dock on the dike cloth garden landscape. Garden use of qing Yang as a ring park road built two axis shaft, connecting scenic spots; Outside the garden use of ulmus parvifolia, dock dike on the road and long bai road form surround close the park around the loop. 4第四届4 the 4th 第四届冰雪大世界总占地面积40万平方米，总用冰量15万立方米、用雪量12万立方米。
由国际广场、龙江风貌、中国园林、南亚掠影、欧美风情、俄罗斯之旅、冰雪长城、极限世界等8大主题景区组成，整体规划突出创新性、情感性、主题活动多样性。
The fourth session of the ice and snow world covers an area of 400000 square meters, total YongBingLiang 150000 cubic meters, with volume of 120000 cubic meters of snow. By the international plaza, longjiang town, Chinese gardens, South Asia, Europe and the United States customs, trip to Russia, ice and snow, limit the world's eight major themes such as Great Wall scenic spots, overall planning and outstanding creativity, affective, diversity theme activities. 5第五届5 the fifth 第五届冰雪大世界于2003年12月24日在中国哈尔滨隆重举行。
园区集天下冰雪艺术之精华，融冰雪游乐活动于一园。
冰雪艺术景观最多、冰雪娱乐项目最全，是夜晚景色最美的冰雪游园会。
The fifth ice and snow world on December 24, 2003 in China was held in Harbin. Park set the essence of the world of ice and snow art, melting snow and ice fun in a park. Ice and snow art scene, ice and snow entertainment project of the most complete, is the most beautiful snow night scenery garden party. 6第六届June 6th 第六届冰雪大世界认真贯彻中央提出的中国·俄罗斯年的精社，园区规划主题为：中俄友好年。
总体规划占地面积28万平方米，计划用冰量12万立方米，用雪量8万立方米，景观数量2000多件。
The 6th ice and snow world earnestly implement the central of China in Russia to the fine clubs, theme park planning: china-russia friendship year. Overall project planning covers an area of 280000 square meters, YongBingLiang 120000 cubic meters, with volume of 80000 cubic meters of snow, landscape number more than 2000.
