中英文对照导游词
北京天安门 中英文导游词Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps: 1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony) 2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower. 3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed. 4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites. 5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”. During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities. On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution. The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept. The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west. The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament. The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely. In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration. On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\\\\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper. Tian’anmen Square Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st. Around the Square are several famous buildings: 1 The Great Hall of the People This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features. 2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919: 1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC); 2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.); 3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.); 4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.) The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949. 3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value. On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai. At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are: 1) The Burning of Opium in 1840: 2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi; 3) The Revolution of 1911; 4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919; 5) The May 30th Movement of 1925; 6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi; 7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945; 8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”. 4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977. The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children. Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country. In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him. On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country. Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999. 各位游客朋友： 我们我们现在已经来到了天安门广场。
大家可以看一下，我们现在的位置是在天安门广场南北方向的中轴线上，距我们南面的人民英雄纪念碑大约有100米左右的距离。
我们今天在天安门广场游览的时间是30分钟。
大家向我这里聚一下，我先给大家简要介绍一下天安门广场的主要景观。
（手势，向北指）大家先向这边看。
（稍停顿，待游客目光集中于手指方向）我爱北京--天-安-门。
一会儿，我会向大家详细介绍天安门的的沧桑历史。
除了天安门城楼外，我还要向您介绍天安门前的金水桥、以及桥前的华表和石狮。
大家回一下头，您看到了，这就是庄严挺拔的人民英雄纪念碑了，随后我也将向您讲一讲她的故事。
纪念碑南边的建筑就是毛主席纪念堂，我们今天的行程没有安排大家瞻仰毛主席遗容，如果您有意去的话，可以告诉我，我会尽量满足您的愿望。
天安门广场东侧的建筑是中国革命历史博物馆，这里陈列了大量珍贵的革命历史文物。
和她相对着的，（手势，向西指）西边的这座建筑，就是非常著名的人民大会堂。
关于她，一会儿我也会向您做详细介绍。
好好好，大家现在可以在广场上拍照留念。
拍照前我给大家提个醒，大家尽量避免站在这条中轴线上拍照，旗杆可能会影响您的拍摄效果。
另外，大家如果在纪念碑前拍照的话，建议您到纪念碑的那一侧去拍，在这边是逆光，会影响照片的效果。
给大家10分钟时间，拍完照请到这里集合，我在这里等大家. 下面我首先为大家介绍一下天安门城楼。
天安门原为明清两代皇城的正门，始建于明永乐十五年（1417），最初叫做承天门，取承天启运，受命于天之意。
清顺治八年（1651年）重修而改名天安门，含受命于天和安邦治民的意思。
至今已有580多年的历史了，是全国重点文物保护单位。
天安门城楼，建筑在巨大条石砌成的须弥座式城台上，造型庄重浑厚，宏伟典雅，是中国传统建筑艺术的典型代表作之一。
城楼通高34.7米。
城台上的大殿宽九楹（62.77米），进深五楹（27.25米），象征封建帝王的九五至尊。
大殿为重檐歇山式，朱墙黄琉璃瓦顶。
南面设有菱花隔扇门、窗36扇，殿内外立有直径2米的巨柱60根，天花、斗拱、梁枋等处、均绘满了最高等级的金龙和玺彩画，金碧辉煌，极为雄伟壮观。
1988年的元旦，天安门城楼正式对外向游客开放。
在天安门高大的暗红城墙中辟有五个券洞门，明清时代，这里的门、桥行走规制森严，中门为皇帝进出专用。
皇帝每年冬至往天坛祭天，夏至去地坛祭地，孟春赴先农坛耕籍田，都要出入天安门。
那么，在当时，是不是只有皇帝一人才能进出中门呢
这位朋友答的对，不是。
大家知道还有什么人可以走这里吗
（稍做停顿）让我来告诉大家。
此外，皇帝的父母可从中门入宫；皇帝大婚，皇后可从中门进入一次；新科状元等金殿传胪后，可从中门出宫一回。
除此之外，严禁任何人进出，否则是要治重罪的。
中门左右的两座旁门，供宗室王公和三品以上文武百官通行。
过去天安门是座只进喜，不出丧的吉祥之门 好好天安门的设计者是蒯（kuǎi）祥。
蒯祥是江苏吴县人，明初洪武年间生于木匠家庭，他的父亲是一位有名望的木工师傅，能主建大型工程。
蒯祥受父亲影响，从小学艺，勤奋好学，聪慧过人，三十来岁时，已成为才华出众的木工匠师了。
燕王朱棣，也就是后来的永乐皇帝，经靖难之役取得帝位后，决定从南京迁都北京。
永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），明成祖朱棣调集全国各地的能工巧匠前来北京营建工程巨大、难度极高的天安门（初名承天门）等宏伟建筑。
蒯祥以高超的设计方案和精湛的建筑技艺，被推选为皇宫工程的建筑设计师。
当时人们尊称他为蒯鲁班。
蒯祥曾担任建筑皇家宫殿的官吏，直至工部左侍郎等官职，为中国的民族建筑艺术创下了光辉的业绩。
天安门是明清两朝历代帝王金凤颁诏的重地，凡遇国家庆典、新帝即位、皇帝结婚、册立皇后，都需要在此举行颁诏仪式。
届时于城楼大殿前正中设立宣诏台。
由礼部尚书在紫禁城太和殿奉接皇帝诏书，盖上御宝，把诏书敬放在云盘内，捧出太和门，置于抬着的龙亭内，再出午门，登上天安门城楼。
然后将诏书恭放于宣诏台上，由宣诏官进行宣读。
文武百官按等级依次排列于金水桥南，面北而跪恭听。
宣诏完毕，就把皇帝诏书衔放在一只木雕金凤的嘴里，再用黄绒绳从上系下，礼部官员托着朵云盘在下跪接，接着用龙亭将诏书抬到礼部，经黄纸誊写，分送各地，布告天下。
这种颁发封建帝王圣旨礼仪的全过程，就叫做金凤颁诏。
好好我国古代有人生四喜的说法，也就是久旱逢甘霖，他乡遇故知，洞房花烛夜，金榜题名时。
现在，问大家一个有意思的问题，哪位朋友知道，金榜题名的金榜张贴在什么地方
（稍停，待游客猜测）到底在哪里呢
请听我下文分解。
明清时代盛行科举制度，每逢殿试后的第三天，新考中的进士们恭立于天安门金水桥南，等候传呼他们进太和殿朝拜皇帝的礼仪，名叫金殿传胪。
当在太和殿传胪唱名后，礼部官员捧着皇帝钦定的黄榜，带领新科状元、榜眼、探花们出午门，再将黄榜放在龙亭内，在鼓乐仪仗的簇拥下抬出天安门，将黄榜张贴于龙门，也就是当时的长安左门外的龙棚里，公布天下，这里就是张贴金榜的地方，长安左门的位置大致是现在的劳动人民文化宫门前东南侧。
天安门历经沧桑，在新中国成立后，更焕发出了耀人的光彩。
1949年的10月1日，主席在天安门城楼上向全世界宣布了社会主义新中国的诞生，天安门不再是至高无上的封建皇权的象征，而成为了一个新生的人民民主国家的标志，在国徽图案的中央，我们可以看到这座庄严雄伟的建筑。
建国以后，这里成为国家举行重大庆典活动的场所，特别是每逢国庆，党和国家领导人都要登上天安门城楼主持庆典并和各界群众联欢。
天安门前的金水河又称御河、外金水河。
河上横跨七座石桥，中桥正对天安门的中门，叫御路桥，最宽大，雕龙修饰，供帝、后专用。
两旁桥名王公桥，为宗室王公行走。
外侧的两桥称品级桥，供三品以上官员通行。
以上五桥均为三孔。
位于太庙（今劳动人民文化宫）和社稷坛（今中山公园）门前的单孔石桥，叫公生桥，为四品以下官员过往。
那时门、桥行走等级森严，不得有丝毫触犯。
天安门前，也是明清两代进行秋审和朝审的地方。
封建王朝的最高执法机关--刑部衙门，每年五月要把全国各省被判死刑的囚犯名单汇集起来，敬呈皇帝过目。
八月中旬，皇帝诏令有关官员在天安门前进行最后判决，这叫秋审。
朝审则在霜降后举行，主要终审在北京刑部监狱里关押的死刑犯。
这就是为什么以前被判处死刑的人要秋后问斩。
凡经秋审、朝审判处死刑的人，立即推出虎门--长安右门，押赴宣武门外的菜市口等刑场处决。
因此人们对长安左、右门，有龙门与虎门之称。
即凡出'龙门者，荣登金榜，前程似锦；而押出虎门者，则被终判死罪，毫无生还之望。
长安右门的位置大致是在现中山公园门前西南侧。
在天安门南北门外，分别耸立有一对雕刻精美、挺拔秀丽的云龙华表。
据《淮南子·主术训》记载，远在尧舜时代就有街头设表木的做法，用以王者纳谏，征求民众意见以治天下。
到秦汉时期，表木被改为指路标，叫华表。
后来华表经不断美化，便逐渐演变成为中国独具民族建筑特色的艺术装饰品，深为世人所青睐。
系神话传说中的神异物，用汉白玉石雕成蹲于每支华表顶端的承露盘中，双目炯炯有神，密切注视前方。
于天安门里的 脸朝北，双目紧盯皇宫，名望君出，它提醒皇帝不要迷恋深宫生活，而应及时出宫巡视，以利治理天下。
在天安门外一对华表的 则脸朝南，双目向远方眺望，名望君归。
它时时关注皇帝外巡中的行为举止，如不检点或时间长了，望君归就呼唤帝王不得沉米山水、野趣、而应早日回宫，料理国家大事。
好好天安门金水桥前的这一对大石狮，雕工精绝，造型逼真，威武异常。
它们的双目都紧紧注视着天安门前正中的御道（中轴线），以体现它们是封建帝王忠实的卫士身份。
朋友们来看西边的这一只石狮，它的肚皮上有一个深深的洞，这是怎么回事呢
这里有一个很有传奇色彩的故事，据说明代崇祯十七年（1644年）四月，农民起义军首领闯王李自成攻打北京时，当他率军冲进天安门前的T形广场后，只见皇城的大门--承天门就在眼前。
对此，他愤怒地拈弓搭箭，只听嗖….的一声，正射中承天门匾额的天字，顿时众军喝彩，欢声雷动，随后李闯王收起硬弓，挺枪跃马一直奔金水桥冲杀过去。
突然，桥头的两只大石狮张牙舞爪，凶猛阻挡去路。
闯王见此怒不可遏，挺枪刺去，即刻火花四溅，长枪戳向了一只狮子的腹部。
双狮见势不妙，拖着悲惨的哀鸣声，各自退回了原位。
现在的这个洞，就是枪伤疤了。
朋友们，我们面前的这条街就是有神州第一街美誉的长安街。
长安街，当年从长安左门至东单牌楼，名东长安街；从长安右门至西单牌楼，叫西长安街。
古时东西长安街仅3.7公里，有十里长街之称，这是京城历史上有名的天街，其名取自盛唐时代的大都城--长安，含长治久安的之意。
长安街修筑于明朝永乐四年至十八年（1406-1420），与皇城同时建造，是明代兴建北京城总体规划的重要组成部分之一。
东西平行走向的长安街，与纵横南北八公里长的御道中轴线，在天安门前正好垂直相交成准确的十字型经纬座标中心点，从而构成了北京城座北朝南，街巷纵横的总体布局。
原东、西长安左、右门前分别均竖有巨型下马碑，上刻官员人等，到此下马。
古代皇宫内是严禁骑马的，除非是金殿传胪时的新科状元，可骑皇帝御赐的高头大马，在长安街上走过，以示皇恩浩荡。
清王朝灭亡后，内城墙中东西两侧的建国门与复兴门在民国二十九年（1940）被打开的。
新中国成立以后，街面被展宽为50-100米，东西长安街的延伸线东达通州，西抵石景山，总长50公里，有百里长街的美称。
大家现在随我通过地下通道去天安门广场，上下台阶时请您注意安全。
（天安门广场） 我们现在处的这个位置是天安门广场，位于北京城的中心。
其南北长880米，东西宽500米，占地面积44万平方米。
可容纳100万人举行盛大的集会、游行，是当今世界上最宏大的城市中心广场和最著名的旅游胜地之一。
在明清时代，天安门广场是一处皇家禁地，由宫墙围护，仅设三门。
即南有大明门（清朝改称大清门，辛亥革命后叫中华门）、东有长安左门、西有长安右门。
三门之间形成一个封闭式的T字形宫廷广场，原是天安门前举行皇家活动的重要场所。
在T形广场的东、西、南三面，当时建有通脊联檐的朝房144间，名叫千步廊，以供场内活动之用。
清代乾隆年间，又在东、西长安左、右门外加筑三座门，严禁行人过往。
那时人们来往于东城和西城之间，需要绕行于大清门以南或地安门以北，极为不便。
在天安门T形广场东、西千步廊外的大片地带，原是明清两代皇家最高官署衙门的集结之地。
如：东侧（今历史博物馆一带）有礼部、户部、吏部、工部、兵部、宗人府、鸿胪寺、钦天监和太医院等中央文职机关。
西侧（人民大会堂一带）设有銮仪卫（御林军）太常寺、通政司和前、中、后、左、右五军都督府等武职机构。
过去有文东武西和东掌生、西掌死之说，指的就是这些关系到人们生死荣辱的封建王朝的最高权力衙门而言。
明清两朝，从天安门T形广场南端的大明门（清时叫大清门，今毛主席纪念堂一带）至正阳门之间，有一块方形场地，宛如棋盘，故有棋盘街之名。
当年人们喜爱在此贩卖风味小吃、小百货，以及表演戏曲、杂耍等，情似庙会，非常热闹。
由于
北京恭王府、后海、烟袋斜街、南锣鼓巷英文导游词
China's Great Wall is in the human history of civilization the greatest architectural engineering. It located at China's capital Beijing. He is China is most famous, greatest construction. The Great Wall is the miracle which our country ancient times the working people created. Starts from the Warring States time, constructs Great Wall has been a big project. It has 6700 kilometers. Our country ancient times millions of working people have contributed the wisdom for it, has drained away the blood and sweat, causes it to become a world big miracle. Therefore said that the Great Wall is China's symbol
求南京各个著名景点的英语导游词
（最好中英文结合）
Nanjing is the capital city of Jiangsu with a population of 4.5 million. Owing to its superior geographic location， the city has remained the transportation center of the Yangzi Delta region. Once prospering on its shipyards， Nanjing has now grown into a commercial hub and cultural center of southeast China. For almost 2，000 years， Nanjing (China’s Southern Capital) has witnessed some of the most significant events in Chinese history， including its position as nationa’s capital during the Six Dynasties (220-589 AD) and the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 AD)， the onset of Ming Dynasty in 1368 by Zhu Yuanzhang who made Nanjing capital for almost two decades， the signing of the Sino-British treaty in 1842 that ceded Hong Kong to Britain， and its most painful moment known as Rape of Nanjing when Japanese troops brutally slaughtered 300，000 civilians in 1937. Many of these events are recorded in the Nanjing Museum. For tourists， Nanjing is one of China’s most attractive cities. The city has a balanced layout between traditional and modern architecture. Its many broad boulevards are well shaded from the summer heat by tall trees. The river bank by the Yangzi River irradiates nice and peaceful night views; the beautiful and quiet Xuanwu Lake and its forested islands smooth out the tough edges of a commercial metropolitan ... The must-see of Nanjing is Dr. Sun Yatsen’s Mausoleum， where the father of modern China is buried on the mountain top of Zijinshan. The pilgrimage trip to the tomb is composed of an enormous stone stairway， 323 meters long and 70 meters wide. The scene is respectfully magnificent. Another important site of Nanjing is the Memorial of the Nanjing Massacre which exhibits documents and pictures of the atrocities by Japanese troops in 1937， a painful moment for the city and her residents. Also on display is furniture used at the signing of Japan’s surrender to China， carrying a undisputable message to the country which still refuses to issue a formal apology to the war victims - don’t forget history! The exhibits conclude on a more optimistic note， with the last room dedicated to the post-war Sino-Japanese reconciliation.
求广州塔的英文导游词，10分钟左右，不上去也可以讲得很令人心动想上去观光吧:)
建议你参考广州塔的官方网站，有中英文版，可以对照并选择你需要的内容，也可以适当改改，这样更适合自己演练啊.
关于意大利的英语导游词
Italy is a great country full of history and culture that amazes the world. Italy is located in Southern Europe, on the Italian Peninsula and it’s bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, which hosts two Italian Islands: Sardinia and Sicily. Italy is a country full of beauty, art and fashion, all these are mixed to give Italy a magic atmosphere and to captivate tourist from every corner of the world. Discovering Italy can be a pleasant and unforgettable experience, each corner of this beautiful country will take you back in time to ancient times and you will recognize its great development till nowadays. Italy offers unbeatable touristic destinations such as: Florence and its artistic productions and fashion, Rome, the capital city known as the eternal city, Venice, the romantic city built under water, Verona, an imposing city setting of the drama Romeo and Juliet, and Milan, the most fashionable city in Italy. Italy has countless places to visit and enjoy: firstly The Leaning Tower of Pisa or Torre pendent di Pisa in Italian, which is situated in Piazza dei Miracoli, the Tower was built under Romanesque style and it started to lean from its construction; it’s a symbol of Italy and its attractions. However, the Leaning Tower is not a unique highlight in Italy; Rome, the capital of Italy, has many attractions and tours for all the family and great places to stay at such as the Rome Apartments scattered around the city; The museums in Rome and The Piazzas are some of the most interesting places in Italy, because most of the major artists, representatives of ancient times, were born in Italy and Rome conserves their artworks at the many museums, churches and even piazzas some of these places are: Saint Peter’s Square and Basilica, Castel Sant' Angelo, Piazza Navona and the Fountin of Four Rivers, Santa Maria del Popolo and Piazza del Popolo and The Pantheon among other places. Find in this Italy Travel Guide, the most reliable information about Italy and its stunning highlights, places to explore and visit, see photos, learn useful tips, and much more and let us help you plan your trip to this country in advance. You must consider that a trip to Italy is not only about culture, art, history, paintings and museums but about the exclusive restaurants, pizzerias, caffes, and a vibrant nightlife made up by clubs, bars, pubs; and don’t forget about fashion. Besides all the attractions, nature has a special place in every trip to Italy; the amazing panoramic natural resources and landscapes such as: The Alps in the North, The Bay of Naples and Mt. Vesuvius are some of the most famous views. If you’re planning to visit Italy you must check all details in advance such as the Car Hire Italy that will allow you to go around the city and decide by yourself, where to stay and how much time to spend at each place without pressures; check the place where you’ll stay such as hotels, B&B´s, Rome apartments and others. The eternal city of Rome is the place where the most eminent philosophers and scientists were born because Rome is the cradle of science, culture and of course, art. Since Rome has been founded, it has hosted emperors, kings, illustrious people and currently the most representative figure of the Catholic Church which is the Pope. Rome is the perfect combination of the modern and the classical, when one walks around the city on can see many museums, because most of the most famous painters like Carracci, Bronzino, Correggio, Miguel Angel and Raphael are Italian so their painting jobs are at the disposal of everybody in these museums. Many people want to travel to Rome, but they think it's too expensive to take a trip but don´t worry: there are many agencies around the world which can offer Cheap flights to Rome. Rome has everything in order to have fun and learn more about the culture. If you decide to come to Rome, you will not regret it. The History of Rome is very amazing; many people assume that Romulus and Remus were the ones who founded Rome, but this is only a legend, Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire prior to its fall, and this city has seen the boom of Romans. Currently, Rome can see the boom of fashion, because it's considerate as the fashion center of the world of course: after Paris, this is because Rome is the house of many Italian clothing companies which are characterized for making elegant, luxury, glamorous and avant-garde clothes. Looking around Rome one can find some buildings like The Rome Coliseum or the Pantheon, the former is today considered one wonder of the modern world. To visit these places you will need to rent a car and so you can contact Rhino Car Hire Rome in order to make your experience the best. One really doesn't need much money in order to visit Rome; one can find competitive prices if one compare hotels in Rome. One can find a lot of information on the Internet, so that one has the most pleasant experience visiting Rome, one can find maps, information for travelers, places you should not forget to visit and clear information about Rome hotels where one can rest and be safe. Now you have enough information to make up your mind and go to Rome, good luck with the trip.
英语导游和中文导游有什么区别
就是你考什么语种，考过了，就叫什么导游。
在导游笔试方面，所有考生一律用中文作答，只有在口试的时候有区别。
例子：我考的是粤语导游，那么在口试的时候我用的是粤语讲解导游词和回答小问题。
如果你报考的是普通话，那么你就用普通话讲解导游词和回答小问题。
如果你报考的是英语，自己想吧……所以在这里要分清一个误区，不是必须先考中文导游，才能考英文导游，或者小语种导游的。
如果你认为你小语种口语过得去，那么就直接报考小语种导游。
有的学习小语种的同学，实在担心自己的小语种口语还不太好，不敢报考小语种。
不要紧，请你先报考中文导游，如果你不一小心笔试口试都合格，那么你就能拿到中文导游证了。
拿到中文导游证继续奋斗练习小语种口语一年后，又到了北京导游考试的时间，你可以加试小语种口语。
假如你要加考英语导游，那么你在口试报名的时候选择加试英语口试，去参加口试，如果口试通过了，经过一系列的手续，你的中文导游证就可以变成英文导游证了。
在这里还要记住一个问题，必须两门笔试90分以上合格通过，才能报考口试，口试60分以上合格通过，才能最终取得导游资格证，假如笔试通过，口试很遗憾没通过，那么该笔试成绩不予以保留，考小语种的考生也不会获得中文导游证。
如果不死心，一年后又是一条好汉，第二年继续重新努力看书考试。
严重值得注意的是，不能说我同时一次考一个中文导游证，一个小语种导游证，小语种没考过，中文导游证应该很容易考过吧
你以为去求职应聘工作到处发简历，东边不亮西边亮哦
记住了一次只能考一种语言的导游，要么中文，要么小语种。
另外，其实，拿着中文导游证也是可以带英文团，法国团，德国团等等的，假如你精通这么多国语言的话，没任何问题。
官方对这个没有任何规定。
英语导游
1、关于导游证： 导游证一般分为国导证，省导证，地方导游证，这几个证，从先往后先难后易。
国导证最难考，不过国导考到手了在全国所有的地方都是通用的，所以还是建议考国导。
2、关于考导游证的资格： 只要是高中及同等诉中专或是职高毕业就能考.不过现在不同的地方好像有些不同的规定吧.要看你所在的地区. 3、关于导游考试的题目： 导游证的题目也是各个省自己出的,虽说是国导也要专业考所在省的部分知道. 现在大概都考三门:基础知道(这个是两本书的:全国的和所在省的)、导游业务、现场导游（这个会提前告诉一定量的景点，在现场抽题） 4、关于报名和费用： 如果真的要考，就要先要当地的旅游局下面的一个部门——旅游培训中心打听一下。
各地的报名费用和考试时间都不一样。
不过导游证报名费都不低，要到500上下吧。
再去培训中心买书和大纲。
5、关于是否好考： 一句话，只要把3本书都背完了，还有所有的景点导游辞都背了就能过。
不过也不是一件简单的事。
你至少要保证你的记忆力不差还有你对历史地理这些东西不反感，这些是首要的。
你要准备一个月的时间要天天看书，（个人情况不定）。
如果你本来史地知识就很好那就太好了。
你会轻松很多。
6、还有一点就是很多人的误会，因为我们常说考导游证，但是我们考到的并不是导游证，只是导游人员资格证，但必要有了这个证才能去通过旅行社向当地旅游局申请导游证。
这是一个过程了，就是说你考试之后一定要跟一家旅行社签了合同才可能拿到导游证。
■导游资格证考试报名条件、时间与要求■ ※报名条件与要求 遵守宪法，热爱祖国，坚持四项基本原则，具有高级中学、中等专业学校或者以上学历，身体健康，具有适应导游需要的知识和语言表达能力的中华人民共和国公民。
※考试内容： 一、导游综合知识：为笔试， 主要内容为： （1）【旅游方针政策与法规及每年的时事政治】 （2）【导游业务】（含旅游案例分析） （3）【全国导游基础知识】和【地方导游基础】 （4）【汉语言文学基础】（北京与湖南的考生须考） （5）【导游外语】（外语类考生须考，国语类考生不用考） 二、导游服务能力：为现场考试，即口试， 主要内容为： （1）【导游讲解能力】 （2）【导游规范服务能力】； （3）【导游特殊问题处理及应变能力】 外语类考生须用所报考语种的语言进行导游服务能力一科考试，并加试口译（中译外和外译中）。
※报名与考试时间： 由各省结合自身情况自定。
报名一般在每年的六月至九月，考试一般在10月至12月间，象广东省去年就考了俩次，所以考生要向当地旅游局问清楚报名和考试的时间。
※考试教材 笔试教材： 【全国导游基础】 【导游业务】 【旅游政策法规与职业道德】 【地方导游基础知识】 参考书： 【旅游案例分析】 口试教材： 【地方的旅游景点导游词】 【导游规范服务】 【导游应变能力及应急事件处理】 解析导游资格证考试的考场内外■ 一：精心策划，准备资料： 全国各省市导游资格证考试每年举行一次，报名的时间在每年的六月份至十月份，考试的时间在九月份至十二月份，每年各省的考生都有几千人。
随着旅游行业的规范化，考试的难度在加大，随着导游行业效益的看涨，报考的人数在增加，现各省的录取率仅百分之二十几，比高考的录取率还低，竞争在趋于白热化。
怎样在激烈的竞争中取胜，考生就此须制订一个学习计划。
外语类的考生如自己的外语基础好可以一次性报考外语导游资格证考试，如果自己的基础没有把握，建议第一次先考国语导游证，拿到了国语导游证第二年再补考一门外语的笔试和口试就可以拿到外语导游证了。
（1）【提早准备】：一般以提前几个月做准备为好，有几个月的时间你可以对几本教材进行有针对性的综合性训练。
有的考生等到报名后才拿到书，在书上勾了一下重点，书都没有系统看完一遍，更没有时间做过一些相关的配套练习，笔试口试都没有得到综合性的训练，凭着侥幸的心理，没一点把握就上考场了，考出来猜想自己也许可以得六十分，结果是年年考，年年落榜，最后自己都没信心了，浪费了多少时间，钱财和精力。
（2）【收集资料】：和参加高考一样，你的手头必须要有一套完整的导游资格证考试教材和与教材配套的练习和模拟考题。
笔试： 【全国导游基础】【导游实务】【政策法规与职业道德】【地方导游基础知识】四本教材，及【旅游案例分析】参考书。
口试：【地方导游词】【导游规范服务】【导游应急事件处理与应变能力】。
（3）【学习计划】：制订一个学习计划，用几个月的时间先把四本教材做熟，并编制一套完整的口试材料。
报名以后根据本 年考试的具体情况进行调整，报名以后到考试前的俩个月进行全方位的综合训练。
（4）【了解信息，及时报名】：各省市的报名时间和考试时间都不一样，考生在努力学习的同时，还要随时关注本地市旅游局的动态，及本地市新闻报纸上的导游资格证考试的报名消息，最好在六月份以后给旅游局打电话，咨询本年度报名的准确时间，做好报名准备。
二：努力学习，接受指导，高强度练习训练： ■导游资格证考试的笔试，口试内容及强化学习■ 笔试的考试教材有四本书： 【导游基础】【导游业务】【旅游政策与法规】【地方导游基础】 【导游基础】全国部分的内容一般分为： 1：旅游业知识概述 2：中国历史文化 3：中国旅游地理 4：中国民族民俗 5：中国宗教文化 6：中国古代建筑与园林艺术 7：中国的文学艺术 8：中国的饮食文化 9：中国的风物特产 10：中国的港澳台地区及主要的旅游客源国 【导游业务】的内容一般分为： 1：导游概述 2：导游语言艺术 3：导游技能 4：导游接团程序与问题应对 5：其他导游服务。
6：旅游事故的处理 7：导游业务的相关知识。
【旅游政策与法规】的内容一般分为： 1：社会主义初级阶段与理论及三个代表 2：社会主义的改革与建设 3：我国的对外，对港澳台政策 4：我国的旅游政策 5：我国的法治建设与宪法 6：合同法律制度 7：旅行社管理法规制度 8：导游人员管理法规制度 9：旅游安全及保险法规制度 10：旅游者出入境及行李运输法规制度 11：旅游卫生与食品卫生管理 12：旅游资源管理法规制度 13：消费者权益保护与旅游投诉法规制度 14：导游职业道德 【地方导游基础】的内容一般分为： 1：本省概况 2：本省旅游概况 3：本省主要景区城市概况 4：本省主要旅游景点概况 5：本省的风俗民情 6：本省的饮食 7：本省的特产 8：本省的名人及文学艺术及其他 口试的考试教材有三方面的书籍教程： 【本省导游词】 【导游规范服务】 【导游员特殊问题处理及应变能力】 ■报考须知■ 一．考试报名须提交材料： 1．本人身份证（原件）；外省的须暂住证。
2．学历证明（高中毕业或中专毕业以上）原件； 3．国家县（区）级以上医院出具的近期健康状况证明（必须包括常规检查及肝功、乙肝两对半检查） PS：校医院及不符合规定的医院开据的健康证明不能证明其本人的健康状况；健康证在有效期内可以使用； 4．本人1寸正面半身免冠彩色照片四张； 5．在报名地点领取并填写完整的《全国导游人员资格考试报名表》。
6．报名的条件：年满十八岁，身体健康，具备有高中（含职业中学）或高中毕业以上文凭的中国公民。
7．报名在自己的户口所在地的旅游局报名。
在校大学生在学校所在地的旅游局报名。
在外地打工的，须持打 工城市的暂住证，在该城市的旅游局报名。
8．报考外语导游资格考试的要外语专业的大专以上，非外语专业的本科以上 二：全国各省导游资格证考试时间 1．笔试的考试时间：一般在当年的九月到十二月底这段时间，报名以后当地旅游局会有具体的通知。
2．口试的考试时间：口试的考试一般比笔试的考试延后一段时间，在当年的十月份到十二月份举行。
报名以后当地旅游局会有具体的通知。
■各省导游资格证考试----报考路线图■ ◆：首先确立报考导游资格证书的决心： 全国十大高收入的行业，比高考竞争还激烈的考试，你有信心去考取吗
如果你决心去报考导游资格证书，无论自己是否了解 旅游业，无论别人说什么，无论有什么困难，都朝自己确定的目标去努力，你一定会成功 ． ◆：准备考试资料： 1： 导游资格证考试的教材书籍 A：笔试考试书籍资料： 【全国导游基础】 【导游实务】 【旅游方针政策与法规】 【地方导游基础知识】 （必考笔试书籍教材） 【旅游案例分析】 （笔试参考书） B：口试考试书籍资料： 【本省导游词】 【导游规范服务】 【导游应急事件处理与应变能力】 （必考口试教材） C：外语导游资格证考试书籍资料：在国语导游资格证考试的书籍基础上加试 【导游外语】（国语导游不需考外语） ◆考试报名： 导游资格证考试每年一次，个别的省份一年考两次。
各省的报名时间在大致在六至九月份，先打电话到当地的旅游局咨询报名的 时间，然后在报名的时间里，带上你的身份证和毕业文凭到当地的旅游局报名。
街上买不到的教材，此时在旅游局都可买到，在旅游 局里仔细咨询本省的笔试，口试考试信息。
注意一定要提前打电话咨询，不要错过了报名的时间。
在我们的考试科目一栏里，我 们列举了全国各省市的旅游局地址和电话号码，你还可以打当地的114询问旅游局的电话。
◆学习方法： 很多的考生拿到教材后，面对一大堆的书籍，不知从何入手。
有的考生看书很慢，一本教材看了一个月还没有看完，看了后面又 忘了前面，什么也没记住。
◆考场发挥： ●：在笔试的考场上，认真阅读试卷，快速，准确，全面的答题。
先做完自己会做的题，再来思考不会做的题，尽可能的答完全部 的试题。
提早做完题的不要提前交卷，反复仔细的检查做完的答案，准确无误了再交卷。
●：在口试的考场上，衣着要整洁，礼节要周全，态度要平和，解说要流畅，口齿要清楚，语速要中等，反应要敏捷，面部要微笑 ，神态要亲切。
对考官的提问要有问必答，不会的自己编也要回答，不要不答。
回答之前对考官说：我开始讲解了，回答之后对考官 说：我的回答完毕。
