英语三大从句类型总结
PART1：英语从句三大类型按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句
1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.
2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.
3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not.
4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not.
二,定语从句
1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well.
2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.
三,状语从句
1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.
2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.
3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student.
4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.
5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.
6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.
7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.
8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.
PART2：经典名词性从句
主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。
That you don’t like himis none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。
What he saidis true. 他说的是真的。
Do you rememberhow he arrived almost at the end of the party?你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？ This party's reallywhere it's at, man! 啊，这个晚会真棒！
Tell ushow you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。
We have reason to believethat the fighting on the border may develop into a full-blown war.(喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。
He saidthat he would come. 他说他要来。
Whether the football game will be playeddepends on the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。
The trouble isthat we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
That iswhy stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time, it seemedas if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
宾语从句(object clauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
He saidhe wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。
I hopeyou'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。
I’m so gladthat you were able to come to this party.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会，我很高兴。
I know nothing about it exceptwhat I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。
Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike exceptwhen it rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。
He asked mewhether she was coming. 他问我，她来还是不来。
同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。
It is a factthat smoking is a danger to health.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。
I have no ideawhat you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。
He made the suggestionthat we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。
There is no doubtthat he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。
PART3：经典定语从句
1.窗户朝南的那间房间是我的。
The room whose window faces south is mine.=The room of which the window faces south is mine.
1.整座城市躺在废墟中，其中百分子75的工厂和大楼消失不见了。
The whole city, 75% of whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.
2.我们公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。
Our company has 2000 workers, of whom two thirds/ two thirds of whom are women.
3.那些被困在废墟里的人已经得救了。
Those who were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.
4.你们刚才谈论的那场地震好可怕呀！
The earthquake that you were talking about sounded frightening/shocking.=The earthquake about which you were talking sounded frightening.
5.我的家人都是音乐爱好者，今晚将去看电影。
My family, all of whom are music lovers, are going to the movie tonight.
6.我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。
The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital.
7.约翰向母亲说起过把他在国外见过的人和城市。
John once talked to his mom about the people and cities that he had visited abroad.
8.他是去过伦敦的一位以观光者之一。
He is one of the tourists who have been to London.
9.他是这些观光者当中唯一去过伦敦的。
He is the only one of the visitors that/who has been to London.
10.这就是你们上个礼拜参观过的学校吗？
Is this the school that you visited last Sunday?
11.这所学校就是你们上个礼拜参观过的那所吗？
Is this school the one that you visited last Sunday?
12.他们曾经居住过的是在这个地方里。
It is in this place that he once lived.
13.这是他们曾经住过的地址。
It is the place where he once lived.
14.他有两个儿子，每一位都看起来像他。
He has two sons, either of whom looks like him.
15.他有连个儿子，并且每一个都看起来像他。
He has two sons, and either of them looks like him.
16.这是一本封面是蓝色的书。
17.This is a book whose cover is blue.=This is a book,of which the cover is blue=This is a book,the cover of which is blue.
18.他不说令她生气的话。He said nothing that made her angry.
19.那就是他拒绝在会上发言的'理由。That was the reason why/for which he refused to speak at the meeting. =That was the reason which/that he refused to speak for at the meeting.
20.那就是前几天麦克给我的理由。
That was the reason that/which Mac gave me.
21.正如我们大家都知道的一样，比尔盖茨创建了微软公司。
As is known to us all, Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.
22.比尔盖茨创建了微软公司是我们大家都知道的。
It is known to us all that Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.=That Bill Gates founded his own Microsoft is known to us all.
23.是他那夹杂着乡村音乐，布鲁斯音乐和福音的风格成就了他的名气。你是同谁一起去看的电影？
It is his voice, with his country, blues and Gospel styles, that made him famous. Who was it that you went to the movie together with?=With whom was it that you went to the movie together..
24.他不像是那种把工作留下一半的那种人。
He isn’t such a man as would leave his work half done.
25.我要用与你们工厂里用过相同的那种工具。
I prefer to use the same tools as were used in your factory.
26.我丢了一本书，书名我一时记不起来了。
I have lost a book whose title escapes me at the moment.=I lost a book,of which the title escapes me at the moment.
27.像你在读的那本小说我不欣赏。
I don’t enjoy such a book as you are reading.=I don’t appreciate the same book as you are reading.
28.擦黑板的那一位应该受到表扬
The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised.。
29.我在初中度过的那三年我永远不会忘记。
I will never forget the three years that I spent in the junior middle school
30.那不是我做事情的方法。
That isn’t the way( in which/that) I do it.
31.他们能用不同的方法拼写单词，这是你们发现有趣的方法。
They could spell words in different ways which/that you might find interesting.=They could spell words by different means that /which you might find interesting.
32.照现在的样子抄写这个表达词语，不要有任何更改。
Copy this expression as it is; don’t make any change.
33.我们将尝试着帮助家长改善他们与孩子交谈的方式。
We will try to help parents improve the ways (that/in which) they talk with their children.
34.只有用这种方法才会停止比尔盖茨的快速成功。
Only in this way/by this means can Bill Gates’ quick success be stopped.=Only in this way/By this means can they stop Bill Gate‘s quick success。
35.这位在救援中左脚受伤的士兵，年仅二十岁。、
The soldier whose left foot got wounded during the rescue is only twenty years old.
36.他们破坏法律的方式开始的时候是和平的。
At first the ways that/in which they broke the laws were peaceful.
PART4:经典状语从句
1．条件状语从句：
1）Let's go out for a walkunlessyou are too tired.(除非,若不；相当于if---not)
即：If you are too tired,we’ll not go out for a walk.
2）You may borrow my bookas long asyou keep it clean.(只要，表示条件的唯一性)
3）Take your umbrellain caseit rains.（以防---，以免---）
4）I can tell you the truthon condition thatyou promise to keep a secret.(条件是---)
5）Supposingit rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?(如果,假如)
6）He won't be against us in the meetingprovided/providingthat we ask for his advice in advance.(假如,除非以……为条件)
7）You will be successful in the interviewonceyou have confidence.(一旦---就--)
2.时间状语从句：
1）Whenshe came in, I stopped eating. (当---的时候，表示“瞬时动词”)
2）Whilemy wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (当---的时候，was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
3）I like playing footballwhileyou like playing basketball.（然而，表示“对比”）
4）Aswe was going out, it began to snow.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
5）We always singaswe walk.（as表示“一边……一边”）
6）Einstein almost knocked me downbeforehe saw me.(“在---之前”或“----才”)
7）My father had left for Canadajust beforethe letter arrived.（“刚好在---之前”或“---就”）
8）Afteryou think it over, please let me know what you decide.（在---之后）
9）Ididn'tgo to beduntil（till）my father came back.(“直到----才”，主句中的动词为非延续性动词)
10）I workeduntilhe came back. (“直到----才”，主句中的动词为延续性动词)
11) Where have you beensinceI last saw you? (自从---)
12)I will go theredirectlyI have finished my breakfast.(一----就---，另外有immediately, instantly)
13)The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot. (一----就---，另外有the instant, the minute，ect.)
14)As soon asI reachCanada, I will ring you up. (一----就---)
15)He hadno soonerarrived homethanhe was asked to start on another journey.(一----就---,另外有hardly/scarcely----when---)
16)By the timeyou came back, I had finished this book.(“到---时为止”，从句是一般过去时，主句是过去完成时。)
17)By the timeyou come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. (“到---时为止”，从句是一般现在时，主句是将来完成时。)
18)Each timehe came to Harbin, he would call on me.( “每当---的时候”或“每次”，复习each time, every time和whenever)
3．有关时间状语从句的重点句型
1）It will befour daysbeforethey come back. (It will be--- before---过很久才----)
2）It won’t befour daysbeforethey come back.( It won’t be---before---不久就---)
2）It was not untilthe meeting was overthathe began to teach me English.(“ It was not until---that----” not until的强调句型)
3）Not untilthe meeting was over did he begin to teach me English.( not until的倒装句型。)
4)It is/has beenfive monthssinceour boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。(“It is/has been---since”自从---以来多长时间)
5)Hardlyhad I sat downwhenhe stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。（“hardly/scarcely----when---”/同“no sooner ---than”注意时态的应用。）
4．原因状语从句
1)The sweater shrankbecauseit was washed badly. (强调“直接原因”)
2)Since [As]we’ve no money, we can’t buy it.（由于）
3)Sinceyou are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.（“既然”强调双方共知的原因,复习“now (that),seeing (that)，considering (that)，in that”）
4）He could not have seen me,forI was not there.( for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。)
5）The country isnotstrongbecauseit is large.国强不在大。(“not ... because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句)
5结果状语从句
1)There issorapid an increase in populationthata food shortage is caused.(太---以至于)
2) They aresuchfine teachersthatwe all hold them in great respect. (太---以致于)
3) It was very cold,so thatthe river froze.（以致于）
4)注意状语从句与too….to..enough to…, so… as to结构的不同。
6．目的状语从句
1）You must speak louderso that /in order thatyou can be heard by all.(为了；以便)
2）He wrote the name downfor fear that(生怕，以免)he should forget it.
3）Better take more clothesin case(以免)the weather is cold.
4)Say it louder(so)that everyone can hear you.(以便)
7．让步状语从句
1）Although/Thoughhe was worn out, (still) he kept on working.(虽然，纵然,尽管)
2) Objectasyou may, I’ll go.(虽然，纵然，尽管)
3)Hardas/ thoughhe works, he makes little progress. (虽然，纵然，尽管)
4)Childas/thoughhe was, he knew what was the right thing to do. (虽然，纵然，尽管)
5) We’ll make a tripeven if/thoughthe weather is bad. (“即使……”)
6) You'll have to attend the ceremonywhether you're freeorbusy. (“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”)
7)No matter whoyou are, you must keep the law.(=Whoeveryou are, you must keep the law.（无论谁，复习no matter +疑问词引导的状语从句。）
8）WhileI like the colour, I don't like the shape.（尽管）
8．方式状语从句
1）Just aswe sweep our rooms,sowe should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
2）They completely ignore these factsas if (as though)they never existed.
3）说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at meas if seeing me for the first time.（他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。）
He cleared his throatas if to say something.（他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。）
The waves dashed on the rocksas if in anger.（波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。）
4）Please pronounce the wordthe wayI do.(用---方式)
5）Leave the thingsasthey are.(按照---)
9．比较状语从句
1）You seem to know musicas well asyou know astronomy.(as---as 结构)
2）There wasnogardenso lovely ashis in this city. (no so---as 结构)
3）There were not so many tickets available as were asked for. (not so---as 结构)
4）Finally he has madeas much money ashe wanted. (as +adj +n.+as 结构)
5）Your watch is notthe same ashis.(the same as结构)
6）I never metsucha manasyour younger brother.(such---as 结构)
7）She studiesmore diligently thanher classmates.(more than结构)
8）Noother book has had agreaterinfluence on my life.(否定词和比较级连用表示最高级含义。)
9）This teacher explained the problem more clearly thanany other teacher. (比较级与 “any other one”连用表示最高级含义。)
10）The more you read, the better will you write.(the more----the more 结构)11) He earnedno more than800 dollars a month. 他一个月只挣800美元。（no +比较级+than结构）.
10．地点状语从句
1)Wherethere is a will, there is a way.
2)You should have put the bookwhereyou found it.
3)Whereverthere is smoke , there is fire.
4) When you read the book, you’d better make a markwhereyou have any questions.
5) You should make it a rule to leave thingswhereyou can find them again
【高考语文】病句
一般来说，四个选项你能排除两个，剩下两个就靠蒙了，不过蒙也得靠语感，平时老师会讲一些做病句题的方法，什么找句子主干，分析句子成分，无非是语序不当、搭配不当、成分残缺或赘余、结构混乱、表意不明(歧义)、不合逻辑等等，这些方法只够排除前面两个弱智的选项，要是耍耍嘴皮子就能做出来，就不叫高考题了。
所以最后两个怎么选出来，有点玄乎，就是语感，我的方法是高考前每天必做两三个病句题，做来做去你会发现，各种题目类型就那么几种。高考的时候可能就把答案读出来了，你不知道为什么选，但是你就是能做对，实在做不出的时候就蒙，千万别在病句题上耗费太久，记住，及时撤退，病句题很容易让纠结，但是拖久了，后面就没时间了。现在历年的高考试题都不难，这一点你要绝对放心，所以考试的时候不用太紧张，担心会不会做的题目都没把握。
更多高考语文知识点和考点，请点击：高中语文基础知识及复习
下面这些，你着重看看：
①介词“关于”“对于”“对”等开头的`句子，注意主语的残缺。很有可能这样的句子就是病句
②类似于“甲”是“乙”的句子，注意“甲”“乙”的协调，也可能是句式杂糅。
③动词后有很长的修饰词语，注意是否宾语残缺，往往这些形容词下去走走走，就没宾语了。
④用“和”“或”以及顿号连接的并列成分，注意歧义及内在逻辑顺序是否失当以及意义的从属关系。
⑤前半句使用了“能否”“可否”等双面词语，注意后半句是否与前半句协调。就看看是否前后一致，前面是“是否”这样的选择性的，后面又成了“是”这样的肯定句，就有问题
⑥反问句及疑问句注意是否表意相反，尤其看看会不会双重否定成了肯定，比如“不可能不会导致灾难”意思是肯定会导致。
【高考语文】社科文阅读，或者叫科技文
我的经验是不能先读选项，已经跟你说了，可以自己试验一下。先读选项的话，你很可能就在头脑中形成预设，把错的记得稳稳当当，最后就不好做题了，还是先读文章，读完后看选项，最后仔细去找答案。总结起来有这么几种：故意混淆，以偏概全，无中生有，张冠李戴，偷换概念，颠倒因果，强加因果，胡乱划分。我一般做这样的题有个习惯，边读边划一些绝对性的和猜测性的词语，比如“一定”“肯定”“绝对”“可能”“应该”等等，这样做的好处是，你做题的时候会提醒自己这些词语限定的范围，同时找的更快一些，节约时间。
【高考语文】文言文
亘古不变的一条，从课文中来到课文中去，不管什么样的高考题，点都是从书上来的。所以记文言实词虚词的意思的时候，我的经验是记文言句子，光背那么几十个意思，两下子就容易搞混了。
比如我说的两个实词比较的，它就是一个课内的一个课外的，你把它课内的意思套到它课外的那个句子上，通了就是对的，不通就是错的。
1. 主动形动词在句中说明名词，在性数格上与被说明的名词一致，做一致定语。例如：
Я вижу играющих етей.
Сиящая евушка о чём-то умает.
2. 形动词和动词一样可以要求一定的格，也可以被副词说明。形动词和说明他的补语，状语一起组成行动词短语。例如：читающий книгу мальчик, прилежно занимающийся парень.
3. 主动形动词及其短语在句中的位置
i. 单一的主动形动词通常放在被说明的名词之前做一致定语。例如：
Знаете ли вы тех играющих мальчиков?
Нам известно имя выступающего артиста.
ii. 形动词短语可以位于被说明名词之前或之后，位于后面时，要用逗号与被说明的名词隔开。例如：
Я часто помогаю сиящей у окна екушке.
Вчера мы ыли в гостях у перевочика, неавно вернувшегося из-за границы.
iii. 形动词短语也可以放在句子中，被说明的名词之后，此时，前后都要用逗号隔开。例如：
Декушка, поющая песню “Помосковные вечера”, моя сосека.
еловек, шеший впереи меня, хорошо говорит на русском и на английском языках.
4. 现在时主动形动词所表示的动作-特征与句中谓语所表示的动作是同时的`，而动词谓语可以用各种时间。例如：
О этом я говорю стуентам, занимающимся в этой ауитории.
О этом я говорил стуентам, занимающимся в этой ауитории.
О этом я уу говорить стуентам, занимающимя в этой ауитории.
过去时主动形动词所表示的动作-特征是句中谓语所表示的动作之前存在或完成的。例如：
Учитель помогает реятам, часто елающим ошики.
Учитель помогает реятам, часто елавшим ошики.
Учитель помогает реятам, селавшим ошики.
Разошлися по омам люи, прешешие с соревнований.
Расхоятся по омам люи, пришешие с соревнований.
5. 带который的限定从属句替换主动形动词短语
当主动形动词短语位于被说明的名词之后时，可以用带联系用于который的限定从属句替换。替换时，который用第一个形式作从属句中的主语，性和数与被说明的名词相同，从属句中动词谓语的时和体通常应和主动性动词的时和体相同。例如：
Стуенты, разговаривающие в кориоре, учатся на математическом факультете.------Стуенты, которые разговаривают в кориоре, учатся на математическом факультете.
Стуенты, учившиеся у нас, скоро уезжают за границу.------Стуенты, которые училися у нас, скоро уезжают за границу.
Мы не зауем героев, погищих на войне.------Мы не зауем героев, которые погили на войне.
