（一）各档评分标准：见考纲
（二）初中英语写作六要素
一、审题要清
看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。
二、要点明确
要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐一罗列出。
三、列出提纲
为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。
四、写顺全文
写短文时要做到五个方面：
1.避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。
2.段落分明，层次清晰，文章宁可平平淡淡，也不要漏洞百出。
3.多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或独立主格结构等复杂的句型。
4.注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。语态、时态要准确无误;主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致；注意冠词用法，例如：It takes Tom half an hour to go to school by bus.中的an不能写成a；注意拼写，例如：fourteen，forty，ninth等不要写成forteen，fourty，nineth等;注意标点符号和大小写。
5.描写人物时，要生动具体，可以选择使用下列词汇，例如：外形：tall，short，fat，thin，strong，weak，pretty等；颜色：red,yellow，blue，white，green，brown，black等；心情：glad，happy，sad，excited，anxious，interested等；情感：love，like，hate，feel，laugh，cry，smile，shout等。
6.上下文要连贯。同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序(时间或空间)，使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：并列关系：and,as well as,or；转折关系：but,yet,however；时间关系：when,while,after,before,then,after that；因果关系：so，there-fore，asaresult；目的：in order to，in order that，so as to,so that；列举：for example ,such as；总结性：in general,in all,in a word,generally speaking
五、没有病句
中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：
(1)看字数是否达到要求，看有无遗漏要点。
(2)看文体格式是否正确规范。
(3)看有无语法或用词上的错误。
(4)看单词拼写、字母大小写是否有错，标点符号有无遗漏或用错等等。
(5)注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致。
六、先打草稿
考试中，书面表达应做到先打草稿，写完后多读几遍，检查是否有误，然后再抄到试卷上，注意字迹要工整，不涂、不画、不勾不抹，避免不必要的扣分。
（三）各种题型的框架
一、阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．
１． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．2． 分析并举例使其更充实．
二、解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
１． 问题现状 2． 怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）
In recent days， we have to face I problem-----A， which is becoming more and more serious. First， ------------（说明Ａ的现状）．Second， ---------------（举例进一步说明现状）
Confronted with A， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing， ---------------（解决方法一）。 For another -------------（解决方法二）。 Finally， -------------（解决方法三）。 Personally， I believe that -------------（我的解决方法）。 Consequently， I’m confident that a bright future is waiting for us because --------------（带来的好处）。
三、说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
１.说明事物现状 ２.事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） ３.你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally， its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------（Ａ的优点之一）。 Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）。
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------（Ａ的第一个缺点）．To make matters worse，------------------（Ａ的第二个缺点）．
Through the above analysis， I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore，I would like to ---------------（我的看法）．（From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A， we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way， ---------------（对前景的预测）．）
四、议论文的框架
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， “every coin has two sides”， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
五、图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table（graph/picture/pie/chart）， ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease （goesup/increases/drops/decreases），significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart， it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand， ________. On the other hand， _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition， ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned， I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion
is both sound and well-grounded.
六、现象说明文（新中国成立以来发生了翻天覆地的变化，）
Recently _______，what amazes us most is______________，it is true that__________.
There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.
what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.
Considering all there，________________________.For one thing_____________________，for another________
____.In Conclusion____________________.
七、说明原因型
Currently，XX has been the order of the day .This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX 。
It is clear that （1）。 If you （ 2 ）， as a result，your dreams will come true. On the contrary， if you （ 3）, failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that （4 ）. You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know （ 5 ）. It will exert a profound influence upon （6）. With reference to my standpoint, I think （7）。
（四）常见文体的模板 一、英语书信的常见写作模板
开头部分：
How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity.
I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.
I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.
I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
结尾部分：
With best wishes.I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
二、口头通知常见写作模板呼语及开场白部分：
Ladies and gentlemen， May I have your attention， please？ I have an announcement to make.
正文部分：
All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.
Please come on time and don’t be late.
结束语部分：
Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it.
I hope you’ll have a nice time here. That’s all. Thank you.
三、议论文模板
1.正反观点式议论文模板
导入：
第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should.。. （导入话题）
Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）
正文：
第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）
Here are the reasons. First.。. Second.。. Finally.。.（列出2~3个赞成的理由）
第3段：However， the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place.。. What’s more.。. In addition.。.（列出2~3个反对的理由） 结论：
第4段：Personally speaking， the advantages overweigh the disadvantages， for it will do us more harm than good， so I support it.（个人观点）
2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：
导入：
第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others， however， argue that B is much better. Personally， I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文：
第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that 。.. Another reason is that.。.（赞同A的原因）
第3段： Of course， B also has advantages to some extent.。. （列出1~2个B的优势）
结论：
第4段： But if all these factors are considered， A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above， we may finally draw the conclusion that 。..（得出结论） オ
3.观点论述类议论文模板：
导入：
第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student， I am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）
正文：
第2段：First of all.。. Secondly.。. Besides.。.（列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由）
结论：
第3段：In conclusion， I believe that.。. （照应第1段，构成“总—分—总”结构）
4.“How to”类议论文模板：
导入：
第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文：
第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem， but the following may be most effective. First of all.。. Another way to solve the problem is 。.. Finally.。.（列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法）
结论：
篇二：最新英语作文万能开头句或背景句
开头句式背景句:
1.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to … some people tend to have a favorable attitude toward…While, others have an unpleasant
association with…
2. Recently, the issue of ...... has been brought into public focus.
近来，_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。
3. Recently the issue of (whether …or not） has been in the limelight（成为引人注目的中心） and has aroused wide concern in the public.
近来，是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
4. Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is ....
随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。
5. Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice.
现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。
6.______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
______已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
7.In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of ____more serious.
中间句式过渡句:
1. 我们中的大多数，已经形成了不同的印象... ... 但是有些人认为他们是有益的，而另一些持相反意见。
Most of us ，however，have formed a different picture of…some people think they are beneficial, while others hold the opposite view.
2.And we rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue. 对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。
3.People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
4. harbor the idea that,
take the attitude that,
hold the view that, 认为
5.Some people take the attitude that …can produce positive effects on us
6.Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. First of all …Furthermore …What’s more …
7.The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.
8.Others harbor the idea that, …may bring about negative impacts on us. Those who strongly disapprove of ... have cogent reasons for it.
For one thing ,
For another,
9. There are some factors leading to this problem.
10. A number of factors are responsible for this problem.
11. 许多因素可以解释的问题，但下面是最关键的
A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones.
结尾句式总结句:
1.Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures.
2.As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the former view. 在我看来，我较同意前一种观点。
3.After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the former view. 经过深思熟虑，我较支持前一种看法
4. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
5. For one thing, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to ban/reduce…
6. For one thing, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to ban/reduce…
For another, the public should enhance their awareness of the importance of ….
With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the problem will be solved in the near future.
7. 总而言之，我们离不开_______但是同时我们必须尽力找出解决可能出现问题的新办法。
All in all, we cannot live without_______. But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
8总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注_______问题。只有这样，我们才能_______ In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______. Only in this way can _________ in future.
篇三：英语作文中常用的句子
英语作文常用的句子
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
Never think yourself above business.勿自视过高;不要眼高手低;永远不要认为自己是大才小用。
Life is measured by thought and action, not by time. 衡量生命的尺度是思想和行为，而不是时间。
It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
He that thinks his business below him will always be above his business.自命大才小用，往往眼高手低。
Business may be troublesome,but idleness is pernicious.事业虽扰人，懒惰害更大。
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
We should bring home to people the value of working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
Time tries truth.时间检验真理。
Time past cannot be called back again.光阴一去不复返。
Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。
There is no one but longs to go to college.人们都希望上大学。
The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
The great use of life is to spend it for something that overlasts it.生命的最大用处是将它用于能比生命更长久的事物上。
Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。
Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing
sports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。
No man is useless in this world who lightens the burden of someone else. 在这个世界上能为别人减轻负担的人都是有用的。
英语写作万能句子
Constant dropping wears the stone.滴水穿石。
Business neglected is business lost.忽视职业便是放弃职业。
Business makes a man as well as tries him. 事业可以考验人，也可以造就人。
Business is the salt of life.事业是生命之盐。
Business before pleasure.事业在先，享乐在后。
Better late than never.迟做总比不做好;晚来总比不来好。
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。
Time is money.一寸光阴一寸金。
Time flies.时光易逝。
Time and tide wait for no man.岁月无情;岁月易逝;岁月不待人。
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。
The harder you work, the more progress you make.你越努力，你越进步。
So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。
Misfortunes never come alone/single.祸不单行。 Good company on the road is the shortest cut.行路有良伴就是捷径。 促进经济和社会发展 to promote economic 对健康有好处 make for good health 对健康有危害 a hazard to health 破坏环境、污染环境 poisoning the environment 环境保护 protect the environment 浪费时间、浪费金钱、浪费精力 a waste of money,time and energy 促进学习 facilitating learning 影响学习 influnce one's study 提高自身水平 upgrade oneself 反对
赞成 in favor of 高考英语8分作文段首句 1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为 there are different opinions among people as to ____ .some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说(常言道)，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天， 它在许多场合仍然适用。 there is an old saying______. its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，; 其次，。更为糟糕的是。 today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. first, ____ second,____. what makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外(而且) 。 nowadays，it is common to ______. many people like ______ because ______. besides，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不
everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)，在他们看 来， people’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. some people say that ______.to them,_____. 任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。 它既有有利的一面，也有不 利的一面。everything has two sides and() is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 已成为人的关注的热门话题， 特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈 的辩论。() has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用 它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重 的问题。() has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but
篇四：高考英语作文必背万能句
（一）段首句
1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说（常言道），它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，；其次，。更为糟糕的是。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外（而且）。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说），在他们看来，People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. 已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. 在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出。很显然，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why
（二）中间段落句
1. 相反，有一些人赞成，他们相信，而且，他们认为。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
2. 但是，我认为这不是解决的好方法，比如。最糟糕的是。 But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3. 对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，。而且，最重要的是______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
5. 面临，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来。一方面，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说，另外。所有这些方法肯定会。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.
7. 为什么？第一个原因是；第二个原因是；第三个原因是。总的来说，的主要原因是由于Why______The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，也有它的不利的一面，象。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9. 尽管如此，我相信更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
（三）结尾句
1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.
2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3. 但是，和都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，，而。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4. 就我个人而言，我相信，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5. 随着社会的发展，。因此，迫切需要。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为更合理。只有这样，我们才能For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.
7. 对我来说，我认为有必要。原因如下：第一，； 第二，；最后但同样重要的是In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.
8. 在总体上很难说是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.
9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.
阅卷老师提醒：高考作文临考应急措施十五项
临场作文常发生意外的情况，对此有一个心理准备，掌握一些应急措施很有现实意义。
问题一：看到作文题目心里就发慌
措施：1、保持心理平衡 2、闭目养神做个深呼吸，让全身放松，冲淡紧张情绪 3、反复默念考试题目，及时记下头脑中迸也的思维火花。 问题二：担心跑题，心里没底
措施：1、将话题背景材料，内容要点一一进行分解 2、把题目中暗示的内容补充出来 3、确定哪些要点是主要的 4、将话题关键词语扩展成一个判断句，以此为作文中心 5、在作文中反复出 现话题中心词
问题三：一时不知如何拟题
措施：1、从话题材料中找一个关键词或关键句作为标题，最好是能反映材料的主旨的 2、用文章的观点作标题，语言要简洁3、暂定一个题目，等文章写好后再做修改 4、用切合文章主题的诗文名句做标题
问题四：不知选择哪一种文体
措施：1、选择自己最擅长的文体 2、选择自己有材料储备的文体 3、平等条件下优先考虑记叙文
问题五：难以开头
措施：1、记叙文从悬念起笔 2、议论文从观点起笔 3、从简明材料引述中起笔4、用设问引出话题起笔
问题六：找不到所需要的材料
措施：1、从课本中找材料，特别是语文、历史、政治等人文学科 2、从最近看到的电视、听到的新闻中找材料 3、从家庭生活中找材料4、从身边生活中找材料 5、从语文教材中找材料6、从眼前的语文试卷中找材料 问题七：想所创新，怕出差错
措施：1、选择新鲜材料，给评卷老师以创新感2、选择与众不同的表现形式。如日记、书信、小小说等 3、换一个角度思考。一般人总是从正面表现话题主旨，你可以试着从侧面出击 4、从一个新的角度引述分析材料 5、表述同一个意思，如果换一种廉洁，可以增添新意
问题八：不知语言如何出彩
措施：1、采用短句子，句子过长容易拖沓，并且容易产生语病，短句显得
精炼2、多用修辞句，比喻、拟人、排比、对偶、反问、综合使用最好3、多用对称句。注意骈散结合，显示抑扬顿挫4、多用流行语。流行语活在广大群众的口语中，有亲切感，新鲜活泼5、多引格言警句。名人名言、格言警句，经过反复锤练，具有哲理性 6、多引古诗词7、多用典故8、多用描写。在记叙文中描写句多，语言就富有形象感，就会显得生动，有文学味道 9、多用抒情句
问题九：担心说理绝对，不深刻
措施：1、用一分为二的观点看问题，既看到事物的这一面，又看到事物的那一面。在肯定某一观点时，兼及一下其他角度上的看法，附带一笔，注意不要自相矛盾 2、用联系的观点看世界上复杂的事物，用因果分析的方法来讲述道理 3、用发展的眼光去推测事物发展的未来。这件事发展下去会产生什么结果，以这种结果来显示看问题的预见性和深刻性4、用哲理性语言揭示主旨，显示主题的深刻性
问题十：写到一半时想换一种写法
措施：1、保留原有内容巧妙过渡2、写议论文，想改写成记叙文，把议论文字转换为人物和心理活动或演讲、报告的内容，在关键之处加入适当的语言3、写记叙文想改为议论文，以记叙材料为论据，把记叙内容转换为社会现象
问题十一：害怕写到中途卡壳
措施：1、在草稿纸上列一个简单的提纲2、确定好几个领起全文的关键词语或关键句 3、对提纲和关键句进行修改
问题十二：作文题和以前读过的范文内容相似或相同，想借用又不敢用 措施：1、弄清楚考题与范文题目的裨是否相同，不能机械地套用 2、注意范文的时代背景和考题要求的差异 3、不拘泥范文，可借鉴形式、构思方式、语言表达技巧、关键句等，如果想借鉴故事情节，一定注意对原故事进行加工、改造，以免被判为抄袭。
问题十三：文章要结束了，字数还不够
措施：1、从另一个角度写一段，这一角度的内容不能画蛇添足，要围绕中心(主旨)进行 2、对前文内容再进行挖掘或归纳。挖掘和归纳具有揭示文章主旨和总结全文意义3、适当引用名言、歌词、诗赋等，为文章添彩 问题十四：做完基础题，时间不多，作文想写快一点
篇五：高考英语作文万能句子
Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that… 把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……
Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that … 考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……
Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that …
因此,我们最好得出这样的结论……
There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.
All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.
高考英语作文万能句子
引出话题句子
Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern. 最近，……问题已引起人们的关注.
The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。
Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。
It is commonly believed that … / It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为…… Many people insist that … 很多人坚持认为……
With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that… 随
着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为……
A lot of people seem to think that … 很多人似乎认为……
引出观点句子
People’s views on … vary from person to person. Some hold that …. However, others believe that….人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为…… People may have different opinions on …人们对……可能会有不同的见解。
Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。 There are different opinions among people as to …关于……，人们的观点大不相同。 Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。 结尾万能
Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that… 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……
Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that … 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that … 因此，我们最好得出这样的结论……
There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。
All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
总之，我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
提出建议万能句
It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of … 该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。
There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of … 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。
Obviously, … If we want to do something … , it is essential that … 显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是…
Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能……
It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……
预示后果万能句
Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.
很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。
No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that … 毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，很可能会……
It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。
论证万能句
From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。
I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点……
Personally, I am standing on the side of …就个人而言，我站在……的一边。
I sincerely believe that …我真诚地相信……
In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do …. 在我个人看来，做……比做……更明智。
Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …
给出原因万能句
This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, … 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先，……;第二，……;第三，……
Why did …For one thing
篇六：高考英文作文万能开头结尾句
1) 表示并列关系的过渡词：and, as well as, or …
2) 表示转折关系的过渡词：but, yet, however …
3) 表示时间关系的过渡词：first, second, third, and then, finally, after, before, after a few days, at last, at that time, later, in the past, immediately, in the meanwhile, when, while, then, after that …
4) 表示空间关系的过渡词：near (to), far (from), in the front of, beside, behind, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, on one side, on the other side of, outside …
5) 表示比较关系的过渡词：in the same way, just like, just as …
6) 表示对照关系的过渡词：but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, in spite of, even though …
7) 表示递进关系的过渡词： also, and, then, too, in addition, moreover, again …
8) 表示因果关系的过渡词：because, since, then, thus, otherwise, so, therefore ,as a result…
9) 表示解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case, for, actually …
10) 表示强调的过渡词：in fact, indeed, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, most important …
11) 表示目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to, …
12) 表示列举的过渡词：for example , such as …
13) 表示总结性的过渡词：in conclusion, finally, at last, in brief, as has been stated, in a word, in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking …
高考英语作文万能句子：开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...
3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，
5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
6.It's generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
7.It's likely that ... 这可能是因为...
8.It's hardly that... 这是很难的......
9.It's hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
11.There's no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.what's far more important is that... 更重要的是…
高考英语作文万能句子：结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好
篇七：高考英语作文万能句子及模板
高考英语作文万能句子：8种实用句型
一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说......
3.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，可以用来引用名言名句
4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
5 .It's generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
6 .It's likely that ... 这可能是因为...
7 .It's hardly that... 这是很难的......
8 There's no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
10 .what's far more important is that... 更重要的是…
二.衔接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子（ 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……） 4 .But it's a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。
5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管
6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...
7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…
8.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...
9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… （可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明）
10.In this respect, 从这个角度上
11.However, 然而…
三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好
四.举例句型
1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子
.2.Take … for example.就拿……为例子
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…
To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…
4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…
5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…
6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely different from B.(A和B完全不同)
2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 （ A和B不同的地方是。。。） .
七 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 （ 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文）
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 （可以用来列举理由原因）
八 因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
（一）段首句
1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big
problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why
（二）中间段落句
1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. First，______.What’s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面， Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.
7. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于…… Why______The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
（三）结尾句
1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.
2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）…… But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…… Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, ______.So it’s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能…… For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.
7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是…… In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.
8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.
9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论…… From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是…… If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____. 总结句
2.It goes without saying that... 不用说...(意思是：论述的内容是显而易见的）
3.It can be said with certainty that... ...是肯定的。
4.As the proverb says 4.有句谚语是这样说的...;常言道...
5.It has to be noticed that... 5.必须引起注意的是...
6.It`s generally recognized that...通常认为...
7 It’s hardly too much to say that...表否定，...不被经常说起；我们很少谈到...
8 What calls for special attention is that... .需要引起特别注意的是...
9 There’s no denying the fact that....事实不容否认...
10 Nothing is more important than the fact that...没有比这更重要的是...
11 what’s far more important is that..更重要的是...
12 As time goes by,.....随着时间的流逝
13 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问...
14 As far as I'm concerned, I think....就我而言，我认为...
15 It is said that...据说...
It is important for sb to do sth. 做某事对某人很重要
16Compared with A, B is more ...与A相比，B更...
17 in my opinion 在我看来
18 It is high time that we did sth.是我们做..的时候了。
19 Only in this way, can we solve this problem properly.只有这样我们才能妥善解决这个问题。
20 sth is so...that...如此..以至于..
21 not only ...,but also...不仅...而且...
22 To be honestTo tell the truth 老实说来
23 too..to 太..以至于不能..24 On one hand,..on the other hand,..一方面..另一方面...
25 With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……
Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能……
一、图表作文框架
As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart) has been on rise/ decrease (increases/drops/decreases),有表格或图像可以看
出。。。 significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _毫无疑问的看出_______.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for __这里至少有两个原因可以对_ X X 作出解释__. On the one hand, _一方面
_____. On the other hand, ______ is due to the fact that ________. 另一方面---的原因是。。。In addition, 而且
_______ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show _也许有其他原因要展示
_______. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
二、书信作文模板
Dear X X X， 亲爱的X X X
I am extremely pleased to hear from you.(我很高兴收到你的来
信) And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____. （我很高兴写封信告诉
你。。。） I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking f0rward to your replies at your earliest convenience. （我希望你可以在空闲的时候尽快给我回信）
Best regards for your health and success. 祝你身体健康万事如意
Sincerely yours，你最真诚的X X X
X X X
篇八：高考英语的作文万能句子
一、引出开头
1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（ 就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）
3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）
4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）
5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）
7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）
8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）
二、表达不同观点
1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold
that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）
2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）
3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）
三、表示结尾
1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）
2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）
3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）
4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）
5:There is no doubt that (jo有优点也有缺点）
6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）
四、提出建议
1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）
2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）
3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）
4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）
5：Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）
五、预示后果
1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）
2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）
3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）
六、表示论证
1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)
2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）
4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）
5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）
七、给出原因
1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）
2:This phenomenon exists for a number of
reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……
3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……
4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。
八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法
1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，……
3;It is obvious that……很显然……
4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……
5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……
6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……
九、表示好处和坏处
1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势
2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处
3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处
十、表示重要、方便、可能
1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……
2：It plays an important role in our life.
十一、采取措施
1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施
2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难
3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……
4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难
十二、显示变化
1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化
2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international
communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化
3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…
4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%
十三、表明事实现状
1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实……
2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实……
3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
4:be closely related to ~~ （与...息息相关）
十四、进行比较
1：Compared with A,B……与A比较，B……
2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
十五、常用英语谚语
1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩
2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子
3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马
4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半
5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊
6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里
7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母
8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母
9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老
10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量
11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人
12.Where there is a will there is a way.有志者事竟成
批判错误观点和做法:
As far as something is concerned, … 就某事而言，……
It was obvious that …很显然,….
It may be true that …, but it doesn’t mean that …
可能……是对的,但这并不意味着……
It is natural to believe that …, but we shouldn’t ignore that …
认为……是很自然的,但我们不应忽视……
There is no evidence to suggest that … 没有证据表明……
如何连接
强调 still, indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly.
比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.
对比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.
列举 for example, for instance, such as, take …for example, except (for), to illustrate.
时间 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.
顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.
可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.
解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.
递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.
让步 although, after all, in spite of…, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.
转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand,
unfortunately, whereas
原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.
结果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence
总结 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.
其他 mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently,
frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case
（一）段首句
1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说（常言道），它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，；其次，。更为糟糕的是。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外（而且）。
篇九：初中英语作文万能句子
段落首句
1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为
There are different opinions among people as to ____ . Some people suggest that____.
2. 俗话说（常言道），它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在，，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，；其次，。更为糟糕的是。Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second, ____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外（而且）。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ Because ______.Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception. It has both advantages and disadvantages.
6.关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说），在他们看来，
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them, _____.
7. 已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中引发激烈的辩论。
has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.8 .在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用, 它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题 ... ...has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well
9. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ..., which is becoming more and more serious.
10、如今，人们普遍认为...,但是我怀疑...。
Nowadays，it is generally/commonly believed that..., but I wonder that...
11、“如同硬币的正反面，...也有积极的一面和消极的一面。
Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to...
12、“近来，...的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。”Currently, the issue of ...has been brought to public attention
13、“随着...的快速增长，...在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。
Along with the rapid growth of ..., ...has become increasingly important in our daily
列举时可以用
First of all 首先secondly其次beside另外what's more另外
First 首先Second 第二 After that另外 Later还有 on last最后
衔接词
另外what's moremoreover beside apart from事实上 in fact as a matter of fact 结果是 as a result,
原因是 results from the fact that...Because 列举:For example
对 比 :on the other hand,
我们都知道 As we all know... 结论:in a word
表达自己看法 In my opinion As far as I am concerned
结尾 Only we in this way can we achieve the goal.
只有这样我们才能达到我们的目标
Only when we can take care of ourselves, can we know how to take care of the one we love. 只有这样，我们才能保护好自己，才能保护好我们在乎的东西
解决方法题型 ：
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
１． 问题现状
２． 怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）
In recent days， we have to face the problem A， which is becoming more and more serious. First， ------------（说明Ａ的现状）．Second， ---------------（举例进一步说明现状）
Confronted with A， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing， ---------------（解决方法一）。 For another -------------（解决方法二）。 Finally， --------------（解决方法三）。
Personally， I believe that -------------（我的解决方法）。Only we in this way
can we achieve the goal.
说明利弊题型:
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
１． 说明事物现状
２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）
３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a mean role in our daily life. Generally， its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------（Ａ的优点之一）。 Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）。
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------（Ａ的第一个缺点）．To make matters worse，------------------（Ａ的第二个缺点）．
In my opinion.
Only in this way， ---------------（对前景的预测）．）
议论文的框架 :
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目
_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二
_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二
______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， “every coin has two sides”， __讨论议题
______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一
______. In addition， ____缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题
____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
英语书信的常见写作模板
开头部分：
How nice to hear from you again.
Let me tell you something about the activity.
I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.
I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’
m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
结尾部分：
With best wishes.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
图表作文写作模板
The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特
点 . This means that as (进一步说明).
We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 . After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) . The figures also tell us that图表细节二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结
论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因). / It is high time that we (发出倡议).
口头通知常见写作模板
呼语及开场白部分：
Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, pleaseI have an announcement to make.
正文部分：
All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes.
Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late.
结束语部分：
Please come and join in it.
Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you’ll have a nice time here. That’s all. Thank you.
近日，你班在“知荣明耻” “八荣八耻大家谈”教育活动中，召开了一次关于学生荣辱观的主题班会。存在的问题1．不尊敬老师、家长等。2．学习散漫、考试作弊等。3．乱扔垃圾、污损环境等等。
Recently we have held a class meeting to discuss what is considered to be honorable behavior and what is shameful. （最近我们班开了个班会讨论什么是光荣和耻辱。）
It is really a pity to see all this in our school.Some students don’t respect their teachers or parents. （不尊敬老师父母）
Some don’t take their studies seriously and cheat in exams.Some throw wastes everywhere and pollute the
environment . It is honorable to obey the law and rules , care much about our class and study hard.（关心班级、努力学习、遵纪守法是光荣）
It is shameful to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve success. （违反学校纪律、自私骄傲）
We should respect others and think more of them than of ourselves. （我们应该尊敬别人经常关心别人）
We should work hard and make much more progress to repay the society. （我们应该努力学习取得更大进步从而回报社会）We should try our best to keep the environment clean。（我们应该想方设法保持干净的环境。）
三段四步法——中考英语满分杀手锏
一、 “三段”（三个段落）
——针对的阅卷老师先看文章结构和内容要点，让阅卷老师不得不给你定位一类文。 无论是那种文体，都可以用三段法来表示。 顾名思义，就是无论是记叙文、还是议论文、或者夹叙夹议文章，都可以通用。简单解释如下：
第一段 记叙文议论文
开篇背景介绍（时间、地点、人物、事件）发表观点
第二段
故事发展论据、论点支撑
第三段
结局 总结观点
二、 “四步”
有了框架就相当于有了骨骼，而真正的血肉要靠四个步骤来实现。
步骤一：审题
审题一定要做到五个方面：一审主题（写什么），
二审体裁（记叙、说明、议论、夹叙夹议），
三审时态（时态中考两个扣一分，三个降一档），
四审人称（别犯低级错误），
五审内容要点（一定要在试卷中画出，免得写的时候忘记，导致跑题） 步骤二：打草稿
中考一定要打草稿，两大优势 :
1、中考不准在试卷更改，涂改带、橡皮、胶条（囧）、而中考时落笔错误是难免的，涂改就会后卷面分
2、正式写作是对草稿的在梳理，语言的在锤炼。
步骤三：正文写作
做到两点：一要凝练，二要变化。
文章80—100字为宜，一定要注意使用过渡词、从句、50个句型和词组搭配。
步骤四：检查：
英语写作检查的原则：
1、内容要点：缺少一个内容要点，文章直接降到第三档 。
2、语法错误：名词查单复数和冠词问题，动词查时态语态和三单问题。
3、 变换句式：过于简单的结构要试着变化
篇十：英语作文万能句
一、开头句型选择
1、关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ 。Some people suggest that____。
2、俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______。 Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3、现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today， ____， which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First， ____ Second，____。 What makes things worse is that______。
4、现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______。 Many people like ______because ______。 Besides，______。
5、任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and ______is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6、关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______。To them，_____。
7、人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______which is becoming more and more serious.
8、……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9、……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10、根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢
According to thefigure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______while. Obviously，______，but why
11、Recently， the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.
最近，…问题已引起人们的关注。
12、Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。
13、Nowadays，(overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。
14、With the development of science and technology， more and more people believe that…
随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为…
二、中间过渡篇
引出不同观点：
1、People’s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… 。 However， others believe that…。
人们对…的观点因人而异。有些人认为…。。 然而其他人却认为...
2、People may have different opinions on…
人们对…可能会有不同的见解。
3、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.
人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。
4、There are different opinions among people as to…
关于…。 人们的观点大不相同。
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure)。
对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。
6、A lot of people seem to think that…
很多人似乎认为…
7、It is commonly believed that… / It is a common belief that…
人们一般认为…
8、Many people insist that…
很多人坚持认为…( 励
9. 宾语从句：我认为，…… / 我认为……不 I think / I don't think that …我想知道是否…… I wonder whether …
例：He doesn't think I should stop him joining the club.他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。
10. Since + 主语+ 过去式， 主语 + 现在完成式。
例：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他就一直很用功。
11. how 引导的感叹句
例：那至少可以证明你很诚实。At least it will prove how honest you are. 8. 状语从句
A)如果你不……，你就会…… If you don't …， you'll …
例：If you don't keep working hard, you'll lose the chance. 如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。
B) 如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …
例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up. 当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。
三、结尾句型
1、Taking all these factors into consideration， we naturally come to the conclusion that…
把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…
2、Taking into account all these factors， we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…
考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…
3、Hence/Therefore， we’d better come to the conclusion that…
因此，我们最好得出这样的结论…
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。
5、All in all， we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
总之，我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
6、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend)。
该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
7、It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …
该是采纳…的建议，并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。
8、不用说…… It goes without saying that = It is obvious that …
例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
9、……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that … ……
是重要的 It is important(for sb.) to do / that … ……
是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that … ……
是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …
例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.
It is proper that we (should)keep the public places clean. 我们应当保持公共场所清洁。
篇一：英语长句子
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
11.酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
17.人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
19.音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
22.一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。
23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
23.在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。
24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
24.大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。
25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。
26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
26.到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。
27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
27.伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。
28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
28. Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。
29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。
30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
30.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。
31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
31.骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。
32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
32.科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。
33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of
life. 33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。
34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed. 34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。
35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
35.未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。
36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
36. Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一，此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。
37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
37. Lucretia Mott’s的影响巨大，所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。
38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。
39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线，该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。
40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
40.对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。
41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。
42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
42.墙花之所以叫墙花，是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长，以便有所依附。
43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往，而不是他们各自生活中的事件。
44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。
45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀，凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起，飞离它们的躲藏地。
46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
46.根据人类学家的说法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似，额头后倾，眉毛突出。
47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
47.直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。
48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
48. John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。
49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
49.父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。
篇二：英语长句子翻译技巧
对于每一个英语句子的翻译, 并不只是使用一种翻译方法, 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。在翻译长句时, 首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。 英语长句的分析
一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面:
(1) 修饰语过多;
(2) 并列成分多;
(3) 语言结构层次多。
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:
(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配
英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。
(1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。
（2) 逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。
(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。
(4) 综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后,或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。
篇三：英语长句子的翻译
一、英语长句的分析
一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:
(1) 找出全句的'主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:
例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句; who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child; where there are many stimuli为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli; 在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development. 在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法, 就可以把该句翻译成汉语为:
行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. (85年考题)
分析: (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个比较结构, 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。
(2) 该句中共有三个谓语结构, 它们之间的关系为: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 为主体结构, 但it是形式主语, 真正的主语为第二个谓语结构: to sit comfortably at home, 并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。
(3) 句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home.
综合上述翻译方法，这个句子我们可以翻译为：
譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
二、长句的翻译
英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。
(1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:
例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考题)
分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作;
C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D. 加热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句翻译成:
即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考题)
分析: 该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”, it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语, 进一步解释其含义, 而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: A. 可是现在人们意识到; B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的; C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”; D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的翻译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就翻译为:
可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。
下面我们再列举几个实例: 例3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.
在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。
例4. This method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”
这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况, 也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案, 从“铁生锈, 是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”
例5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man's life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.
我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到
孩童般的兴趣; 其后, 这种爱好变得成熟起来, 我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性, 对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣; 对历史的爱好, 最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。 对死去的, 无论是伟大与平凡, 所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人，都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。
例6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备, 而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志, 他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。
(2) 逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。例如:
例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 分析: 这个句子由一个主句, 两个原因状语和一个定语从句, “铝直到19世纪才被人发现”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有四个谓语结构, 共有五层意思: A. 铝直到19世纪才被人发现; B. 由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝; C. 由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起; D. 最普遍的是跟氧结合; E. 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前, 果在后, 这样, 我们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句翻译成:
铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。
例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
分析: 该句由一个主句, 一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成, “……变得越来越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有三个谓语结构, 包含三层含义: A. ……变的越来越重要; B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会; C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯, 我们也采用逆序法, 翻译成:
因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
下面我们再举几个实例:
例3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。
例4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.
对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。
例5.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when
in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
50年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象, 穷知识分子以“跨掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人, 正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。
例6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常情。
例7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。
(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。例如:
例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can't read is incredible about one in four.
上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子, 但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译, 就可能被翻译成:
没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。 这样, 就使得译文极为不通顺, 不符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 我们应该把它译为: 大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。 例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. (85年考题)
分析: 在此长句中, 有一个插入语“it is often said”, 三个并列的谓语结构, 还有一个定语从句, 这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子,但都有独立的意义, 因此在翻译时, 可以采用分句法, 按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句, 结果为: 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。
下面我们再举一个例子:
例3. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (85年考题)
他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开, 就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。 例4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.
虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的数目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。
(4) 综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个
英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后, 或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。例如: 例1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
分析: 该句共有三层含义: A: 人们不敢出门; B: 尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况; C: 警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中, B表示让步, C表示原因, 而A则表示结果, 按照汉语习惯顺序, 我们作如下的安排:
尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门, 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
下面我们再举几个例子:
例2. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.
对于现代书籍, 特别是教科书来说, 要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话, 那么就应该每隔较短的时间, 将书中的内容重新修改。 例3. Taking his cue from Ibsen's A Doll's House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband's treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.
易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。
例4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.
到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。
篇四：如何完美地翻译英语长难句子
如何翻译英语长难句子
一、什么是英语长句，特点和分析方法
复合长句即包含各种语法关系和特殊句型的句子。英语多长句，这是因为英语可以有后置定语。扩展的后置定语可以是带从句或长修饰语的复杂句。
长句在科技性的文体中的出现频率很高，因此也就成为英语考试的重点。通过对近年来试题的分析，我们可以看出，所考的绝大多数都是长句。这些句子结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相当大。但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。
二、什么是英语长句?
英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。所以翻译长句，实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
三、英语长句的特点是什么?
一般说来，英语长句有如下几个特点:
1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;
2）常须根据上下文作词义的引申;
3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;
4）并列成分多;
5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;
6）习惯搭配和成语经常出现。
63.英语长句的分析方法是什么?
1）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构;
2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;
3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;
4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
在翻译长句时, 首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。
四、英语长句的分析
一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:
(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:
例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句; who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child; where there are many stimuli为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli; 在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development.
在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法, 就可以把该句翻译成汉语为:
行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
分析: (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个比较结构, 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。
(2) 该句中共有三个谓语结构, 它们之间的关系为: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 为主体结构, 但it是形式主语, 真正的主语为第二个谓语结构: to sit comfortably at home, 并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。
(3) 句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home. 综合上述翻译方法，这个句子我们可以翻译为：
譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
五、长句的翻译
英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。
(1) 顺序法。
当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:
例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.
分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D. 加热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句翻译成:
即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.
分析: 该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”, it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to ?结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time ?是“expectation of life”的同位语, 进一步解释其含义, 而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: A. 可是现在人们意识到; B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的; C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”; D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的翻译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就翻译为:
可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。 下面我们再列举几个实例:
篇五：经典英语长难句
1. Looking beyond the 10-year period， the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.
在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。
2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration， because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.
野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。
3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits： it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics； can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have； can improve the nutritional value of products； and can produce cheaper and more environmentallyfriendly fertilizers.
转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点；它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征；可以改进食物的营养价值；可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing： it‘s an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables， but dinner tables.
使这场辩论不同一般的是：我们吃的每顿饭都成为争论的中心。而且，这个事实意味着一件事：这不仅是政策制定会上应该讨论的问题，而且是饭桌上要讨论的问题。
5.“Contact us before writing your application”or“Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history” is how it is usually expressed.
“写申请前同我们联系”，“利用我们多年的经验来准备你的学历或工作经历”，这种广告经常这样宣传。
6. There is no doubt， however， that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
但是，毫无疑问，正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得
7. Other goals of the interview are： to answer questions successfully， obtain any additional information needed to make a decision， accent your special strengths， establish a positive relationship， show confidence， and to sell yourself.
参加面试其他的目标包括：成功地回答问题，为做决定获得更多信息，强调自己的特殊优势，建立良好的关系，表达自己的信心，推销自己。
8. Based on these goals， place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories： company data， personal data， and specific job data.
在明确这些目标的基础上，将自己设想为面试你的人，在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案：公司数据信息，个人信息，有关某份工作的特定信息。
9. Since the interview will center on you， proper self-management process is divided into four stages： the before stage， the greeting stage， the consultation stage， and the departure stage.
既然面试的焦点是你，应该在以下四个阶段做出合理的准备：面试前阶段，问候阶段，商洽阶段，告别阶段。
10. The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter， concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication， developing your portfolio， anticipating questions with positive responses， and arriving early. 面试前阶段包括写一封确认函、集中注意自己的仪表和非语言行为、准备好自己的
11. The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously， using waiting-room smarts， using your time wisely， and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.
问候阶段包括礼貌地向每个人问候，在等候室灵活使用一些交往技能，合理地使用自己的时间，同面试你的人会面时恰如其分地使用一些礼节。
12. The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm， knowing when to interject key points， showing sincerity， highlighting your strengths， and listening intently.
商洽阶段包括反应机敏、热情，知道何时应该（在交谈中）插入一些关键信息，要表现得诚恳，突出自己的优点，注意倾听。
13. If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks， call back or write a follow-up letter. You may get turned down. If so， try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.
如果公司两周内没有反应，打个电话或再写封信过去。你可能没有被雇用，如果是这样的话，找出原因，以便进行自我改进。
14. I have sought it， next， because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one‘s shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.
我追求爱，其次是因为爱使我摆脱孤独。在这种可怕的孤独时刻，人们似乎处于世界的边缘，颤抖的意识面对着冷酷而死寂的无底深渊。
15. Non-traditional students， overwhelmingly female， began to study on a part-time basis， the numbers of women going to graduate school increased， and women sought entry to the non-traditional position of university faculty member.
新类型的学生——绝大多数是女生——开始半工半读式的学习，攻读研究生的女生数量增加了，妇女开始从事大学教师这样的非传统职业。
16. This decline occurred in both coeducational and women‘s colleges where women faculty declined from 72% in 1940 to 50% in 1955 and dropped to a low of 45% in 1978.
人数的减少普遍存在于男女同校的大学，也存在于女子学校。在女子学校，女教师的比例从1940年的72%减少到1955年的50%，到1978年降低到45%的低点。
17. More than one-third of employers in a new survey say they would probably cut off health benefits to their workers if Congress passes a law allowing patients to sue managed care plans for malpractice.
在一项新的调查中，有超过三分之一的雇主表示：如果国会通过一项使病人可以因管理不善起诉管理医疗保健计划的法律，雇主可能会削减工人的医疗补贴。
18. The employers apparently fear the legislation could open the door to the same kinds of suits against them. Companies are already struggling to contain rising health costs and deal with workers who complain that managed care blocks their access to care.
雇主显然担心这样的立法会为对他们类似的起诉打开大门。公司已经在竭力支付日益增长的医疗费用，处理工人们的投诉，这些工人认为管理医疗计划阻碍了他们享受医疗服务。
19. Although companies have relied on health maintenance organizations and other types of managed care firms to control costs through most of the 1990s， the Hewitt survey showed employers have serious concerns about the health plans.
在九十年代的大部分时间里，虽然公司依靠保健机构和其他类型的管理医疗公司来控制花费，Hewitt调查显示，雇主们很关心保健计划。
20. Whatever you decide to do in the way of part-time and vacation work while you‘re at university，make sure that you take the following issues into consideration before committing yourself：
在上学期间无论你决定做什么临时工作或假期内打工，在做出决定之前，你都应该考虑到下列问题：
21. Interface with the Business Development Support Group to assist in developing strategic communication plans for new business development， working with government relations and protocol specialist in supporting visits from various external stakeholders.
与业务开发支持部门协调，协助制定交际策略方案，开发新业务；帮助协调与政府的关系，同礼仪专家一道负责接待与公司有密切关系的外来造访者。
22. External communications experience in a media， corporate or agency setting， knowledge of media and communications vehicles and the fundamental principles of journalism and public relations， successful project management experience， with excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
有在媒体机构、公司或代理机构负责对外交际工作的经验，熟悉各种媒体和交际手段，熟知新闻和公共关系方面的基本原理，具有项目管理的成功经验，具有优良的交际和人际关系处理技能。
23. In many states this year， budget requests by state universities have had to be scaled back or frozen， while tuition， the share of the cost borne by the students themselves， has gone up—in some cases faster than the rate of inflation.
今年，在许多州，州立大学的预算不得不减少或冻结，而学费——学生所承担的费用——却上升了，在某些情况下上升得比通货膨胀率还要快。
24. So it was against this backdrop that members of the National Governors Association came together in this New England city this past week to discuss issues of common concern， one being higher education.
所以，正是在这种背景下，全国州长协会在过去的一周里聚集在这座新英格兰地区的城市，讨论他们共同关心的问题，其中之一是高等教育问题。
25. And the focus of their talks about colleges centered not on how money could be more effectively directed， but how to get greater productivity out of a system that many feel has become highly inefficient and resistive to change.
在大学问题上，他们谈话的焦点不是如何更有效地花钱，而是提高大学体制的效率，许多人感到这个体制效率非常低下，而且变得僵化。
26. As a result， the governors will embark on a three-year study of higher education systems and how to make state colleges and universities better able to meet the challenges o a global economy in the 21st century.
结果，州长们将对教育体制进行历时三年的研究，研究的目标是如何使州立大学更好地迎接21世纪全球经济领域里的挑战。
27.“With tuition rising faster than the rate of inflation and students taking longer and longer to finish college， one of these days the public is going to say，”‘Enough！’“Pennsylvania Republican Gov. Tom Ridge said. 共和党人宾州州长汤姆?里奇说：随着学费比通货膨胀率上涨得快，学生完成大学学业需要的时间越来越长，有一天公众会说：够了！
28. Ridge and his fellow governors came away from the meetings resolute in the belief that higher education needs a fresh look and possibly a major boost in productivity to meet demands of new technologies and a changing work force.
会议结束后，里奇和其他州长们更坚信：高等教育需要革新换面，也许应该重点提高效率，满足新技术和变化的劳动力市场的要求。
29. Several governors noted that establishment of clearer standards， greater efficiencies in providing services， and more student competency testing might be needed， in addition to curriculum inspection.
几位州长提到，除了审查教学大纲外，也许还应该确立更清楚的标准，提高服务的效率，对学生进行更多的能力测试。
30. Like our political society， the university is under severe attack today and perhaps for the same reason； namely， that we have accomplished much of what we have set out to do in this generation， that we have done so imperfectly， and while we have been doing so， we have said a lot of things that simply are not true.
像我们的政治社会一样，今天的大学正在受到严厉抨击，而且理由也许相同，即：我们这个时代要做的事情已经大都完成，但是我们做得还不尽善尽美，而且，虽然我们做出了一些论断，但我们也说了许多不正确的话。
31. The university should use one-fourth of a student‘s time in his undergraduate years and organize it into courses which might be called history， and literature and philosophy， and anything else appropriate and organize these around primary problems.
大学应该使本科生花四分之一的时间，学习被称做历史、文学、哲学或其他合适的课程，通过这些课程来探讨重大问题。
32. On the other hand， there could be very serious consequences if this knowledge were used intentionally to produce superior and subordinate classes， each genetically prepared to carry out a predetermined mission.
从另一方面讲，如果这种知识被有意识地用来复制优等或劣等群体，天生让这些人来完成某一预定的使命，那就会产生非常严重的后果。
33. After all， the purpose of education is not only to impart knowledge but to teach students to use the knowledge that they either have or will find， to teach them to ask and seek answers for important questions.
毕竟，教育的目的不仅是传授知识，而且还要教会学生使用已经或将要掌握的知识，教育他们学会提问并回答重大问题。
34. Many people expect this to change fundamentally the nature of television programming and viewing， from a broadcast medium （dominated by big networks like Britain‘s BBC and ITV and the big US networks， showing a mixture of programme types with something for everyone） to a“narrowcast” medium more like today’s magazines and radio.
许多人预期这将根本改变电视节目安排和收视的本质特征，从一种广播媒体（主宰者是像BBC、ITV和美国的各大电视网络，涵盖每个人所需要的节目类型）变成小范围播送的媒体,更像今天的杂志和收音机一样。
35. The argument is that， as with gardening magazines today， such a channel could generate revenue both from subscriptions （since it would be tailored to that target audience） and from advertising （not just for gardening products， but also for other products and services such as cruise holidays and financial services aimed at the same target market）。
其中的论点是，像今天的园艺杂志一样，这种频道不仅从入网费上取得收入（既然它满足的是特定观众的需要），而且通过播出广告挣钱（不仅是园艺产品的广告，而且包括其他产品和服务项目，如长途旅游的假期，面向同样的特定市场的金融服务）。
36. In the five years I‘ve worked here， we’ve gone to off-campus parties to write about underage drinking at our local college， exposed corruption in a local economic development group， and traced an embezzlers criminal past all the way to Alaska. I‘ve never seen our paper back down from a story.
我在这里工作的五年期间，我们去参加过校园外的聚会，写过当地大学的青少年饮酒问题，揭发过当地某个经济开发集团的腐败问题，一直追踪到阿拉斯加揭露出一起侵吞公款的案件。我从未见过我们的报纸放弃过一次报道。
37. Recently， when a young boy was shot to death， I had to repeatedly leave the scene to my editor from a pay phone， while the reporter from a competing paper used his cell phone to chat with his office from the doorstep of the victim‘s house.
最近，在报道一个小男孩被击毙的事件时，我不得不一次次离开现场，通过付费电话告知我的编辑更新消息，而作为竞争对手的那家报纸的记者，可以站在受害者家门口的台阶上用手机与办公室交谈。
38. They lose daily contact with Nature， their idea of Nature is rather vague and non-experiential， so they think that they are independent of and above Nature， or even can live without Nature.
他们与大自然失去了日常联系，对大自然的认识是相当模糊的、非经验式的，所以，他们认为自己独立于大自然或凌驾其上，甚至认为没有大自然照样可以生存。
39. Thinking in terms of public experiences， we find that joyous experiences are a means； when thinking subjectively， or in terms of ones own sense experiences， we find that joyous experiences are an end. 从集体经验的角度来看，我们发现欢乐的体验是一种手段；从主观上来说，或者从个人的感官体验来说，我们发现欢乐的体验是一种目的。
最近我有一次机会登上一艘豪华游轮观光。我在酒吧台拿了两杯鸡尾酒回房间享受，途中遇到一位女士，她看看我后笑着说：
"You have matches?"
我一愣，回答说：“很抱歉，我十五年前就戒烟了，所以没有火柴。”
她立刻会意到我误解了她的意思，好像是有点抱歉地说："It's a joke."
然后，除了尴尬就没有然后了。
事后和朋友在吃晚饭的时候聊天，我趁机向一个美国朋友请教白天的那句话，他解释说：“因为她看你两手都占着，就故意开玩笑跟你要火柴，这是个非常普通的笑话，其实是想问你需不需要帮忙。”
2. Turn the table
一位亲戚和妻子失和到了要离婚的地步。几天前接到亲戚电话，说他们在走进律师楼之前，先去求助于心理和婚姻问题专家。夫妇俩心平气和地坐下来谈了好多次，互相之间多了份理解，少了一份猜疑、埋怨，结果化干戈为玉帛。说简单也简单，就这么拯救了这场婚姻。我打心眼里为他们高兴，把这一消息告诉了同 样也认识他们的一位美国朋友。这位朋友很激动，还补了一句：
"He turned the table"。
这话让我心里很不舒服，她是指我亲戚动粗吗?直到朋友以另一种方法向我解释，她是说我亲戚“扭转了局面”，那table和我想到的“桌子”根本无关。
turn the tables (on someone) = to suddenly take a positionof strength or advantage that was formerly held by someone else(反败为胜，转弱为强)
例句：
She played badly in the first set, but then she turned thetables on her opponent and won the match。
3. Wearing two hats
同事朋友聚会，少不了相互介绍。先生在向我介绍他的同事Larry时，说他可是个大忙人：
"He is wearing two hats".
开什么玩笑，他根本就没戴帽子?
原来，先生是指Larry在医院某一部门担任要职，除此之外，还有自己的生意，就是说Larry身兼两职，而不是真的戴了两顶帽子。
4.With a grain of salt
一次吃饭的时候，好友Allen和他的中国籍太太坐在餐桌旁大谈最近流行的一种草药，说它能包治百病。 Allen说了一句：
"I'd like to take it with a grain of salt"。
他太太笑道：“你以为它是蔬菜啊，还要加点盐再吃。健康专家可没有说过要加盐。”Allen愣了一下，然后大笑不已，解释道
"Take something with a grain of salt"是“对某事有保留、持怀疑态度”的意思。而不是说要“放些盐再吃”。
5. You are in for a treat!
这天，同事们正在讨论为我和 Rhonda 开生日 party的事情，为了尊重寿星，大家让Rhonda和我选择一家中意的餐厅。Rhonda建议去镇上一家叫做BBQ的美国餐厅。我从来没有去过那里，于是就问她那里有什么特色。Rhonda便开始滔滔不绝地介绍他们的招牌菜，听得我十指大动，直咽口水，Rhonda便笑着说：
"You are in for a treat!"
我愣了一下，以为Rhonda要请我去那里吃饭，心里十分不好意思，试探着问过她之后，Rhonda 笑着解释说："You arein for a treat means you'll like it !"
6.Knife and fork
朋友D说日前在某大酒楼饮茶，见邻桌有青年夫妇和大概是他们在外国结识的老太太一起饮茶。老太太对操作筷子很感兴趣，在那里学用chopsticks夹虾饺。D说他有个美国朋友，曾花了一些时间学习正确使用筷子的方法，每有机会就要表演一下，还说用筷子是一种艺术，是古老的中国文化的表现。
中国人吃饭用筷子，洋人进餐用刀叉。其实洋人从前没有knife and fork,用的是木片削成的叉子。这种木叉从意大利经伊斯坦堡传到英国，是两刺的肉叉(two-prongedfork)。在此之前，人们吃肉用手，因此对于改用肉叉有人说是“对赐人五指之神的侮辱。”
7. Skeleton in the closet
一天朋友谈及一则大爆“名人”家丑的八卦新闻，说那些家族中人以搬弄"skeleton in thecloset"为乐事，难道这些名人家的壁橱中真的有骷髅?
他说的skeleton in the closet(英国人则习惯说成skeleton in thecupboard)现在的意义并没有那么可怕。
不过据说当年这个习语产生的时候的确指那些有钱人家谋杀了一个人，把骸骨暗藏在壁橱中，不让外人知道，从此 skeleton inthe closet 就成了那家人的秘密，后来这个短语用来指不可或不愿外扬的家丑，简称作family skeleton。
例句： Many old families have a number of skeletons in theirclosets which they are loath to discuss
许多古老的家族中有很多秘密，他们不愿谈及这些话题。
8. Skin off one's nose
Joe很热心公益，每周固定有一天去做义工。在他的影响下，我也参加了几次。有一次跟他提起如果能到附近的剧院做义工的话，也许会比较有趣。有一天他拿了一份报纸，上面就有剧院要找义工的消息，我打算下班后过去看看，可是不巧碰上那天身体不舒服，下了班躺在床上就不想动了。第二天碰到Joe，问 我有没有去，我把实情跟他解释。他听完后说："No skin off my nose". 我不懂，回家查了俚语词典，才知道skin off one'snose是与某人有关的意思。Joe是在说我去不去其实“不关他的事”，他只是顺便问一下罢了。
注：no skin off sb.'s nose 也可说成 no skin off sb.'s teeth
9. Small beer
Small beer是“小啤酒”的意思吗?
其实，在英国small beer指的是口味比较淡啤酒，但是在美语中则是“少量啤酒”的意思。
比喻用法中说的small beer指规模或者格局不大的事物。自以为了不起，不是小人物的人：He thinks nosmall beer of himself。
Be small beer常用作与人比较的表现。
口语中常用small beer作形容词，因此开快餐店的朋友可以说：Ours is a small-beerfast-food joint beside McDonald。
10. Speaking of the devil
几个同学聚到一起聊天，大家都到齐了，唯独不见Wayne. 其中一个说今天好像没见到Wayne，另一个接着说他的女儿放暑假，东西要从宿舍里搬出来，他大概帮忙去了。正说着，只见Wayne从外面走过来。Joe于是说
"speaking of the devil"。
speaking of thedevil是一条成语，相当于中文的“说曹操，曹操到”。我不禁惊诧于语言的共通性，因为曹操不是也有“奸雄”的称号吗?中英文在这一成语上有着这样惊人的异曲同工之处。
