
从前有个穷人,穷得连自己的儿子都养不活。儿子便对他说:“好爸爸,我们现在的日子过得太糟了,而我又是你的一个负担。我现在想离开家,看能不能挣到饭吃。”父亲祝福了他,然后悲痛欲绝地送他出了家门。这时候,一个强大帝国的国王正和人打仗,于是他便参加了国王的部队,上前线去打仗。他到达前线时正好赶上激烈的战斗,而且情况非常危急,他的战友们纷纷倒在敌人的弹雨中。当指挥官也牺牲时,剩下的人打算逃跑,可是这位年轻人站出来大着胆子对他们叫道:“我们决不能让自己的祖国灭亡!”于是其他人跟在他的后面,在他的带领下打败了敌人。当国王得知这场胜利全靠他一个人时,就把他提升到最高的位置,给了他许多财富,使他一下子成了全国最显赫的人物。
国王有一个女儿,虽长得非常美丽,脾气却非常古怪,她只答应嫁给一个保证在她死后愿意被活埋在她身边的人。“如果这个人真心实意地爱我,”她说,“我死了之后他活着还有什么用?”反过来,她也是一样。如果她丈夫先死,她愿意和他一起被埋进坟墓。她这古怪的誓言吓得人一直不敢向她求婚,可是这位年轻人被公主的美貌迷住了,不顾一切地请求国王把女儿嫁给他。“你知道你要作出什么样的承诺吗?”国王问。“要是我活得比她长,就得为她做陪葬,”他回答,“可是我非常爱她,根本不在乎这种危险。”国王于是便答应了,他们举行了盛大的婚礼。
这对年轻人幸福美满地生活了一段时间,妻子便突然得了重病,医生们没有一个能治好她。她死了之后,年轻的丈夫想起了自己的诺言,知道自己得活生生地被关在坟墓里,不由得惊恐万状,可也没有什么别的办法。国王在王宫的各个大门口都派了岗哨,所以他根本不可能逃避这厄运。安葬尸体的那一天,他也被带进了王室的陵墓,然后墓门就被关上了,而且还上了插销。
棺材旁有张桌子,上面放着四支蜡烛、四条面包和四瓶酒。等这些东西消耗完后,他就会饿死。他万分痛苦、万分伤心地坐在那里,每天只吃一丁点面包,只喝一口酒,可死神还是一天天地在向他逼近。正当他出神地坐在那里时,他看到一条蛇从墓穴的角落里钻了出来,向死尸爬去。他以为蛇是去咬她的肉,便拔出宝剑说:“只要我还活着,你就休想碰她一下。”说完就把蛇砍成了三段。过了一会儿,又一条蛇从洞里爬了出来。当它看到第一条蛇被砍成了三段,已经死了,它便爬了回去。可不一会儿它又爬了出来,嘴里衔着三片绿色的叶子。然后,它把死蛇的三段拼在一起,在每一处伤口上盖上一片叶子。顷刻之间,那条断蛇的的几个部分又长在了一起。蛇动了几下便活了过来,然后和第二条蛇一起逃走了,而那三片叶子却留在了地上。这位目睹了这一切的不幸青年突然产生了一个想法:不知道这些把死蛇重新救活的叶子的
可他的妻子发生了变化,她死而复生之后好像完全失去了对丈夫的爱。过了一段时间,年轻人想过海去看看他的老父亲。他们上船之后,她就忘记了她丈夫对她所表现出的深深的爱和忠诚,也忘记了他对她的救命之恩,可恶地迷上了船长。一天,当年轻人睡着时,她叫来船长,自己抱住丈夫的头,船长抓住他的脚,两个人一起把他扔进了大海。干完了这可耻的勾当之后,她说:“我们现在回去,就说他死在路上了。我会在我父亲的面前大大地夸奖你,赞扬你,使他同意把我嫁给你,并且让你做王位的继承人。”可是那位忠心耿耿的侍从在暗中目睹了一切。他从大船上解下一只小船,坐上去寻找他的主人,不再管那两个坏家伙驶向哪里。他从水里捞起年轻人的尸体,把身上带着的三片蛇叶分别放在他的眼睛和嘴巴上,幸运地救活了他。
他俩日夜奋力地划船,小船行驶如飞,结果他们比其他人先回到老国王的王宫。老国王看到他俩独自回来自然感到很惊讶,便问发生了什么事。他听说自己女儿的可恶行径后说:“我不相信她会干出这样卑
格林童话的主要人物
灰姑娘、白雪公主、小红帽、睡美人、青蛙王子、野狼和七只小羊、大拇指
格林童话中家庭成员角色的对比
2012年12月20日是《格林童话》第一版出版200周年的纪念日。从1812年到1857年的四十多年间,德国浪漫主义时期两位著名的作家――格林兄弟通过对德国民间故事的搜集、整理,历经七个不同版本,终于产生了这本闻名于世的儿童童话集。如今,《格林童话》已被译成了160多种语言,是世界上版本最多也是发行量最大的童话集,其1812年的手稿在2005年被纳入世界文献遗产。《格林童话》陪伴了一代又一代的人,成为我们长大后对童年美好回忆的一部分。
《格林童话》又名《儿童与家庭童话集》,因此,它所面向的读者主要是儿童。该童话集中很大一部分讲述的是发生在家庭中的故事,在其诞生之后的很多年,它一度成为德国每个家庭必备的书籍。而家庭中各个成员的角色以及他们之间的关系也与我们所看到的其他文学作品中有很大不同,这也是为什么本文从家庭成员角色的角度来观察该童话集的原因。在《格林童话》中,不论是王室家庭还是市民家庭,家庭主要成员大致分为如下几个类型:男女主人公、亲生父母、继母、主人公的亲兄弟姐妹以及继母带来的女儿等。
一、男女主人公
《格林童话》是一部面向儿童,尤其是针对女孩子的教育童话,因此故事中的女主人公要大大多于男主人公,对于这两个类别主人公成长过程描写也各有不同的侧重点。
男孩子的成长通常要通过外出的闯荡或漫游经历才能完成,例如:《傻大胆学害怕》《勇敢的小裁缝》《机灵的汉斯》《大拇指儿》《金娃娃》和《聪明的小裁缝》等。这些故事的主人公都是到达一定年龄时(通常是即将步入成人),或主动或被动地离开家去闯荡世界学习本领,社会和家庭对男孩子的要求是聪明能干和英勇善战。他们在闯荡中或经历磨难,完成某些难以完成的任务,最后娶到漂亮的公主过上幸福生活;或学到超自然力的本领,回到家和父母过上幸福的生活。
《格林童话》中超过三分之一的故事都出现了年轻的姑娘或小女孩。女孩子和男孩子不同,她们的成长环境主要局限于家庭,她们要学会的是如何做一个符合社会规则的女性。如果一个女孩子虔诚、美丽、善良、勤劳,甘于忍受痛苦和等待,那么她最终一定能等到一个救赎自己的人并且得到幸福的结局。例如:《霍勒太太》中的小姑娘,虽然饱受继母的折磨,但是一个偶然的机会使她来到了霍勒太太的家,她在那里依靠自己的勤劳获得了财富。而《灰姑娘》中的小姑娘虽然受到继母和两个姐姐的虐待,却能够像亲生母亲所希望的那样,始终保留着一颗虔诚和善良的心地,甘于忍受在家中所受的痛苦,与此同时又不懈地去争取改变自己命运的机会,终于在舞会上被王子选为妻子,摆脱所有折磨,获得幸福的婚姻。更有聪明的“玛琳姑娘”,她被父亲在盛怒之下关入塔楼长达七年之久。在经历漫长的孤独和等待后,她依靠自己的智慧不仅自救,还找到了自己的爱人;相反,如果一个姑娘虽然美丽,却十分骄傲自大,那么她在日后一定会受到惩罚。例如:《三片蛇叶》中的公主,虽然美丽却脾气古怪,要求将来的丈夫在她死后主动殉葬,她的古怪和狠毒最终让自己受到惩罚,被自己的父亲处死;《特鲁德太太》中的小姑娘又固执又倔强,一定要去见巫婆特鲁德太太,最后被变成一根木柴扔进了火里;大家最为熟悉的《小红帽》中的小姑娘,由于忘记了妈妈的叮嘱,在去外婆家的路上玩耍并且和陌生的大灰狼搭话,结果连同外婆一起被大灰狼吃掉。
二、亲生母亲
都说母亲是孩子的第一位老师。在《格林童话》中,绝大多数的亲生母亲都是充满慈爱、虔诚善良的,她们都从心底爱着自己的孩子,给予他们最细心的照顾。但是在《格林童话》中,我们总会发现诸如此类的描述:孩子出生不久,母亲就去世了(《杜松子树》《白雪公主》);母亲病得很重,后来就去世了(《灰姑娘》《杂毛丫头》);或者在故事的开头就告诉读者:孩子的母亲已经去世很久了(《小弟弟和小姐姐》《星星银元》)等。格林兄弟在他们的童话集中赋予亲生母亲这样的命运,用意可能在于:她们的离去恰好给继母的出现做了一个铺垫,也预示着孩子们悲惨命运的开始。所以说,格林童话中的亲生母亲在所有的家庭成员中通常处于缺失地位。
三、继母
格林童话中,继母是出现次数最多的主要人物之一,在整个童话集中出现了十多次。其中,将近一半的继母都是巫婆。包括《格林童话》在内,在我们看过的所有童话故事中,继母似乎都以一种反面形象出现,她们已然成为了阴险、狠毒和贪得无厌的代名词。她们让继子女挨饿受冻(《森林里的三个小矮人》《小弟弟和小姐姐》)并试图抛弃他们(《亨塞尔与格莱特》);用各种事情来刁难继子女(《灰姑娘》);把继子女用巫术变为动物(《小弟弟和小姐姐》《六只天鹅》《羊羔和小鱼》),甚至将他们杀死(《白雪公主》《爱人罗兰》《羊羔和小鱼》)。在这些故事中,孩子们的亲生父亲要么干脆没有出现,要么对于孩子受到的虐待熟视无睹或无能为力。
继母为什么这样做,一方面是因为她们和继子女没有任何的血缘关系,或许是为了巩固在家庭中的地位;但是从很大程度上来讲,是为了给自己或自己亲生的孩子谋取家庭中的财富。然而在《格林童话》中,继母是除巫婆外因为自己的罪恶成为被惩罚的主要对象,她们的命运结局通常和巫婆一样,最后会被绞死、淹死或被毒蛇咬死等等。
四、亲生父亲
与《格林童话》中其他家庭成员的角色相比,父亲的出镜率是非常低的。与亲生母亲的善良和对孩子的关怀备至形成鲜明对比的,是童话中许多父亲的毫无主见和冷漠无情。比如说,《亨塞尔和格莱特》中的父亲在孩子继母的怂恿下竟然将两个亲生孩子抛弃在森林里;《灰姑娘》的父亲在外出归来时,给继女们带回漂亮的衣裳和珍贵的珠宝,给自己的亲生女儿却只带回一根榛树枝;《杜松子树》中的父亲在不知情的情况下,竟然吃掉了自己的亲生儿子;《玛琳姑娘》中的国王在盛怒之下竟然将小女儿关在塔楼七年等等。这些父亲非但不能保护自己的孩子,甚至有时会带给孩子们极大的身心伤害。 《格林童话》中对父亲这一角色大多是以一种批判的态度来描写的。与此同时,读者还会发现一个非常奇怪的现象:相对于“继母”这一童话中极为频繁出现的'角色而言,在该童话集中我们几乎找不到“继父”的影子。此外,相对于继母最后受到的惩罚,很多不作为的父亲最后却有很好的结局:他们会和儿女团聚,一家人在一起过上幸福的生活。
五、继母带来的女儿
在《格林童话》中,继母如果有孩子,通常是一个女儿。与故事女主人公的美丽、善良形成鲜明对比的,是这些继母女儿的丑陋、贪婪和坏心肠。例如《霍勒太太》中,继母看到继女从井中霍勒太太那里得到了财富,就让自己又丑又懒的亲生女儿也跳到井中,但是这个又懒又丑的姑娘最后非但没有得到金子,反倒弄了一身的沥青,永远洗不掉了。众所周知的“灰姑娘”有两个由继母带来的姐姐,她们虽然长得很美,但心肠却很歹毒,不仅抢了灰姑娘漂亮的衣服,要求她做所有的家务,还处处刁难她,最后被鸽子啄瞎双眼受到了极大的惩罚。
六、主人公的亲兄弟姐妹
与继母带来的女儿相比,主人公的亲兄弟姐妹们大多情况下能够相亲相爱,在困境中相互支持与帮助。例如:《蓝胡子》中的哥哥,在妹妹遇到危险,即将被蓝胡子杀害时及时赶到,处死了恶毒的蓝胡子,一家人最后得到强盗的财产幸福地生活在一起;《六只天鹅》中,六个哥哥被继母用巫术变成了天鹅,最小的妹妹为了救哥哥,给他们每人用水马齿草缝一件衬衫,并且宁愿六年不说话也不笑,最后不仅救了哥哥,还为自己赢得了完美的爱情。
从上述六类不同家庭成员身上我们不难发现,格林童话中的女性角色不论从数量还是从种类上看都明显多于男性角色,然而男性却通常扮演着拯救者的角色,女性则扮演逆来顺受的被拯救者,这些描述特征深受格林童话产生时代的影响。18世纪末19世纪初的德国仍然是父权制社会,男性在家庭中居主导地位,女性居于次要地位。但是在局限于家庭内部的事务中,女性又扮演着主要角色。在19世纪上半叶受法国大革命的影响,德国也逐渐出现了女性主义运动的萌芽,女性的自我意识开始苏醒,她们要求从家庭的束缚中解脱出来,要求更多的公民权利等等。格林兄弟切身经历了这些社会的变化,并且在他们的童话集中也予以了部分体现,例如:《青蛙王子或铁亨利》中的小公主最终无法忍受青蛙的无理要求,把青蛙重重地向墙上扔去;“玛琳姑娘”在绝望中不再被动等待,而是将命运把握在自己的手中,依靠自己的勇敢和智慧去改变自己的命运,这样的改变最后是以一场幸福的婚礼告一段落。但是很多情况下,女主角的婚姻并非出于她自己的意愿,而是因为她没有更好的选择。这种所谓的幸福事实上使女性的命运陷入了一个新的轮回:她们刚刚从旧的家庭束缚中被解放出来就又进入了另一段束缚中去,尤其是嫁给拯救自己的人,使得她在日后的家庭生活中仍然处于次要的地位。这也正应了女性主义文学理论研究者所说的:男性作家通常在作品中是按照自己的意愿以及社会对不同家庭成员角色的要求来刻画人物的,从而保持男性在社会中的主导地位。
引导语:格林童话《三片蛇叶》告诉读者要怎样对待美与丑、善与恶。善良美好的人最终总是能够得到幸福,而恶人们尽管开头十分嚣张,最终都会得到被消灭的下场。下面是相关的中英文版本,欢迎大家阅读!
从前有个穷人,穷得连自己的儿子都养不活。儿子便对他说:"好爸爸,我们现在的日子过得太糟了,而我又是你的一个负担。我现在想离开家,看能不能挣到饭吃。"父亲祝福了他,然后悲痛欲绝地送他出了家门。这时候,一个强大帝国的国王正和人打仗,于是他便参加了国王的部队,上前线去打仗。他到达前线时正好赶上激烈的战斗,而且情况非常危急,他的战友们纷纷倒在敌人的弹雨中。当指挥官也牺牲时,剩下的人打算逃跑,可是这位年轻人站出来大着胆子对他们叫道:"我们决不能让自己的祖国灭亡!"于是其他人跟在他的后面,在他的带领下打败了敌人。当国王得知这场胜利全靠他一个人时,就把他提升到最高的位置,给了他许多财富,使他一下子成了全国最显赫的人物。
国王有一个女儿,虽长得非常美丽,脾气却非常古怪,她只答应嫁给一个保证在她死后愿意被活埋在她身边的人。"如果这个人真心实意地爱我,"她说,"我死了之后他活着还有什么用?"反过来,她也是一样。如果她丈夫先死,她愿意和他一起被埋进坟墓。她这古怪的誓言吓得人一直不敢向她求婚,可是这位年轻人被公主的美貌迷住了,不顾一切地请求国王把女儿嫁给他。"你知道你要作出什么样的承诺吗?"国王问。"要是我活得比她长,就得为她做陪葬,"他回答,"可是我非常爱她,根本不在乎这种危险。"国王于是便答应了,他们举行了盛大的婚礼。
这对年轻人幸福美满地生活了一段时间,妻子便突然得了重病,医生们没有一个能治好她。她死了之后,年轻的丈夫想起了自己的诺言,知道自己得活生生地被关在坟墓里,不由得惊恐万状,可也没有什么别的办法。国王在王宫的各个大门口都派了岗哨,所以他根本不可能逃避这厄运。安葬尸体的那一天,他也被带进了王室的陵墓,然后墓门就被关上了,而且还上了插销。
棺材旁有张桌子,上面放着四支蜡烛、四条面包和四瓶酒。等这些东西消耗完后,他就会饿死。他万分痛苦、万分伤心地坐在那里,每天只吃一丁点面包,只喝一口酒,可死神还是一天天地在向他逼近。正当他出神地坐在那里时,他看到一条蛇从墓穴的角落里钻了出来,向死尸爬去。他以为蛇是去咬她的肉,便拔出宝剑说:"只要我还活着,你就休想碰她一下。"说完就把蛇砍成了三段。过了一会儿,又一条蛇从洞里爬了出来。当它看到第一条蛇被砍成了三段,已经死了,它便爬了回去。可不一会儿它又爬了出来,嘴里衔着三片绿色的叶子。然后,它把死蛇的三段拼在一起,在每一处伤口上盖上一片叶子。顷刻之间,那条断蛇的的几个部分又长在了一起。蛇动了几下便活了过来,然后和第二条蛇一起逃走了,而那三片叶子却留在了地上。这位目睹了这一切的不幸青年突然产生了一个想法:不知道这些把死蛇重新救活的叶子的魔力能不能把人也救活。于是,他捡起叶子,在他亡妻的嘴上放了一片,又把另外两片放在她的眼睛上。他刚把叶子放好,血液便开始在她的血管里流动,慢慢涌上了她苍白的脸颊,使它重新变得绯红。接着,她吸了口气,睁开眼睛,说:"啊,上帝,我这是在哪里呀?""你和我在一起,亲爱的妻子,"他回答,然后把所发生的'一切,以及他救活她的经过告诉了她。他给她喝了点酒,又给她吃了点面包。等她重新恢复精力后,他扶她站起来走到墓门口,又是敲门又是叫喊。卫兵们听到后便去报告国王。国王亲自来打开墓门,发现他俩健康而富有活力,不禁为悲伤的事情终于结束而欣喜万分。年轻人把那三片蛇叶带了出来,把它们交给一个侍从,说:"给我小心保管好,要时刻带在身边。天知道我们还会遇到什么麻烦呢?说不定我们还用得着它们呢!"
可他的妻子发生了变化,她死而复生之后好像完全失去了对丈夫的爱。过了一段时间,年轻人想过海去看看他的老父亲。他们上船之后,她就忘记了她丈夫对她所表现出的深深的爱和忠诚,也忘记了他对她的救命之恩,可恶地迷上了船长。一天,当年轻人睡着时,她叫来船长,自己抱住丈夫的头,船长抓住他的脚,两个人一起把他扔进了大海。干完了这可耻的勾当之后,她说:"我们现在回去,就说他死在路上了。我会在我父亲的面前大大地夸奖你,赞扬你,使他同意把我嫁给你,并且让你做王位的继承人。"可是那位忠心耿耿的侍从在暗中目睹了一切。他从大船上解下一只小船,坐上去寻找他的主人,不再管那两个坏家伙驶向哪里。他从水里捞起年轻人的尸体,把身上带着的三片蛇叶分别放在他的眼睛和嘴巴上,幸运地救活了他。
他俩日夜奋力地划船,小船行驶如飞,结果他们比其他人先回到老国王的王宫。老国王看到他俩独自回来自然感到很惊讶,便问发生了什么事。他听说自己女儿的可恶行径后说:"我不相信她会干出这样卑鄙的事情,但是很快就会真相大白的。"他命令他俩躲进一间密室,不要让任何人看见。不久,大船驶了回来,那个不知羞耻的女人满脸愁容地来见父亲。老国王问:"你怎么独自回来了?你丈夫呢?""唉,亲爱的父亲,"她回答,"我的心都要碎了。我丈夫在途中突然得病死了,要不是这位好心的船长帮助我,我就惨喽!我丈夫死的时候他也在场,他可以把一切告诉你。"国王说:"我要让死去的人复活!"说着就打开了密室,叫那主仆二人出来。那女人一看见自己的丈夫,就像被雷打了一样跪了下去,请求饶恕。国王说:"绝不能饶恕!他愿意和你一起去死,而且把你救活,可你却趁他睡着时害死他,你是罪有应得。"接着,她和她的帮凶被放在一条凿了洞的船上。船被推到海上,很快就在汹涌的浪涛中沉没了。
三片蛇叶英文版:
The three snake-leaves
There was once on a time a poor man, who could no longer support his only son. Then said the son, "Dear father, things go so badly with us that I am a burden to you. I would rather go away and see how I can earn my bread." So the father gave him his blessing, and with great sorrow took leave of him. At this time the King of a mighty empire was at war, and the youth took service with him, and with him went out to fight. And when he came before the enemy, there was a battle, and great danger, and it rained shot until his comrades fell on all sides, and when the leader also was killed, those left were about to take flight, but the youth stepped forth, spoke boldly to them, and cried, "We will not let our fatherland be ruined!" Then the others followed him, and he pressed on and conquered the enemy. When the King heard that he owed the victory to him alone, he raised him above all the others, gave him great treasures, and made him the first in the kingdom.
The King had a daughter who was very beautiful, but she was also very strange. She had made a vow to take no one as her lord and husband who did not promise to let himself be buried alive with her if she died first. "If he loves me with all his heart," said she, "of what use will life be to him afterwards?" On her side she would do the same, and if he died first, would go down to the grave with him. This strange oath had up to this time frightened away all wooers, but the youth became so charmed with her beauty that he cared for nothing, but asked her father for her. "But dost thou know what thou must promise?" said the King. "I must be buried with her," he replied, "if I outlive her, but my love is so great that I do not mind the danger." Then the King consented, and the wedding was solemnized with great splendour.
They lived now for a while happy and contented with each other, and then it befell that the young Queen was attacked by a severe illness, and no physician could save her. And as she lay there dead, the young King remembered what he had been obliged to promise, and was horrified at having to lie down alive in the grave, but there was no escape. The King had placed sentries at all the gates, and it was not possible to avoid his fate. When the day came when the corpse was to be buried, he was taken down into the royal vault with it and then the door was shut and bolted.
Near the coffin stood a table on which were four candles, four loaves of bread, and four bottles of wine, and when this provision came to an end, he would have to die of hunger. And now he sat there full of pain and grief, ate every day only a little piece of bread, drank only a mouthful of wine, and nevertheless saw death daily drawing nearer. Whilst he thus gazed before him, he saw a snake creep out of a corner of the vault and approach the dead body. And as he thought it came to gnaw at it, he drew his sword and said, "As long as I live, thou shalt not touch her," and hewed the snake in three pieces. After a time a second snake crept out of the hole, and when it saw the other lying dead and cut in pieces, it went back, but soon came again with three green leaves in its mouth. Then it took the three pieces of the snake, laid them together, as they ought to go, and placed one of the leaves on each wound. Immediately the severed parts joined themselves together, the snake moved, and became alive again, and both of them hastened away together. The leaves were left lying on the ground, and a desire came into the mind of the unhappy man who had been watching all this, to know if the wondrous power of the leaves which had brought the snake to life again, could not likewise be of service to a human being. So he picked up the leaves and laid one of them on the mouth of his dead wife, and the two others on her eyes. And hardly had he done this than the blood stirred in her veins, rose into her pale face, and coloured it again. Then she drew breath, opened her eyes, and said, "Ah, God, where am I?" - "Thou art with me, dear wife," he answered, and told her how everything had happened, and how he had brought her back again to life. Then he gave her some wine and bread, and when she had regained her strength, he raised her up and they went to the door and knocked, and called so loudly that the sentries heard it, and told the King. The King came down himself and opened the door, and there he found both strong and well, and rejoiced with them that now all sorrow was over. The young King, however, took the three snake-leaves with him, gave them to a servant and said, "Keep them for me carefully, and carry them constantly about thee; who knows in what trouble they may yet be of service to us!"
A change had, however, taken place in his wife; after she had been restored to life, it seemed as if all love for her husband had gone out of her heart. After some time, when he wanted to make a voyage over the sea, to visit his old father, and they had gone on board a ship, she forgot the great love and fidelity which he had shown her, and which had been the means of rescuing her from death, and conceived a wicked inclination for the skipper. And once when the young King lay there asleep, she called in the skipper and seized the sleeper by the head, and the skipper took him by the feet, and thus they threw him down into the sea. When the shameful deed was done, she said, "Now let us return home, and say that he died on the way. I will extol and praise thee so to my father that he will marry me to thee, and make thee the heir to his crown." But the faithful servant who had seen all that they did, unseen by them, unfastened a little boat from the ship, got into it, sailed after his master, and let the traitors go on their way. He fished up the dead body, and by the help of the three snake-leaves which he carried about with him, and laid on the eyes and mouth, he fortunately brought the young King back to life.
They both rowed with all their strength day and night, and their little boat flew so swiftly that they reached the old King before the others did. He was astonished when he saw them come alone, and asked what had happened to them. When he learnt the wickedness of his daughter he said, "I cannot believe that she has behaved so ill, but the truth will soon come to light," and bade both go into a secret chamber and keep themselves hidden from every one. Soon afterwards the great ship came sailing in, and the godless woman appeared before her father with a troubled countenance. He said, "Why dost thou come back alone? Where is thy husband?" - "Ah, dear father," she replied, "I come home again in great grief; during the voyage, my husband became suddenly ill and died, and if the good skipper had not given me his help, it would have gone ill with me. He was present at his death, and can tell you all." The King said, "I will make the dead alive again," and opened the chamber, and bade the two come out. When the woman saw her husband, she was thunderstruck, and fell on her knees and begged for mercy. The King said, "There is no mercy. He was ready to die with thee and restored thee to life again, but thou hast murdered him in his sleep, and shalt receive the reward that thou deservest." Then she was placed with her accomplice in a ship which had been pierced with holes, and sent out to sea, where they soon sank amid the waves.



