英语：什么是名词性从句
详细
名词性从句名词性从句：其功能相当于名词，根据其在句中充当的成分可分为主语，宾语，表语和同位语从句．名词性从句必须用陈述语序. 常见引导词：1. that 无意义，在名词性从句中不充当成分；2. whether\\\/if “是否” , 在从句中不充当成分；3. who “谁”，在从句中作主语, 口语中可作宾语, 表语;4. whom “谁”，在从句中作宾语, 表语;5. whose “谁的”，在从句中作定语,表语;6. what “什么”，“…的”，在从句中作主语,宾语, 表语, 定语，含义没有明确的范围;7. which “哪个，哪些”，在从句中作主语,宾语, 表语, 定语，含义有明确的范围;8. when “何时”，在从句中作时间状语，表语；9. where“何地”，在从句中作地点状语，表语；10. why “为什么”，在从句中作原因状语，表语；11. how “怎样，怎么”在从句中作方式状语，表语。
由how组成的短语也可引导名词性从句, 在从句中作状语，如how many, how long , how soon, how often, how far…12. because “因为”，在从句中作原因状语；13. as if\\\/as though “好像，似乎”，在从句中不充当成分；14. whoever “无论谁”，在主句和从句中都可作主语，宾语，表语；15. whomever “无论谁”，在主句和从句中都可作宾语，表语；16. whatever “无论什么”，在主句和从句中都可作主语，宾语，表语，定语；17. whichever “无论哪个”，在主句和从句中都可作主语，宾语，表语，定语，含义有明确的范围；一、主语从句用作主语的从句。
常见引导词：that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how far, how soon, how often, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever;1. ________ the teacher said today was quite right.2. _______ they are badly in need of help is quite clear. 3. ________ they will sell the house is not yet decided.4. _________ was said here must be kept secret. 5. _________ makes mistakes must correct them. 6. It is a pity ______ she has made such a mistake.7. ______ we will start is not decided yet.8. ______ surprised me most was his manner.9. ______ he was chosen monitor is clear.10. _______ he has gone is still unknown.注: 1、主语从句做主语，谓语用单数；但两个以上的从句做主语，谓语用复数； What he says and what he does disagree.2、可用“it”做形式主语，把主语从句放在后面； 主要有下列句型： 1) It +v.+ adj. \\\/ n. +从句 It is a shame that we missed the last train. It is important that we should learn a foreign language. It’s a pleasure that we’re going to have a party.注：It is important \\\/necessary\\\/ natural\\\/ a pity\\\/strange\\\/ impossible that sb. \\\/ sth. (should) do… It is necessary that you not sleep in class.2) It +不及物动词+从句 It seems\\\/appears that he is from the USA. It happened that his parents were out when he called.3) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that... 据说…… It is known to all that... 众所周知…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is believed that... 据信……;人们相信…… It is suggested that... 有人建议…… It is hoped that… 人们希望… … It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It has been proved that... 已证明…….It is said that Tom once studied in the USA.It is reported that a storm is on the way.It has been proved that the theory is correct.3、在主语从句中，“that”放在句首时不能省略，若“it”做形式主语，“that”从句放在后面在口语中，可以省略“that”;二、宾语从句放在某个动词，介词或形容词后做宾语。
常见引导词：that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how far, how soon, how often, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever;1. I think ________ a healthy diet should contain a lot of green vegetables and fruit.2. I wonder ________ you can do me a favor.3. It depends on _________ the manager will agree to the plan or not.4. The teacher asked little Tom _______ first discovered America.5. He asked me ________ pronunciation was the best in our class.6. He told me ________ had happened on his way to school. 7. Do you think _______ team will win the match?8. You can do ____________ you like.9. I’ll give the job to ___________ has much work experience.10. I don’t know __________ he will leave for America. 注：1. 含宾补时，常用下面句型： 主语＋动词＋it+宾补+宾语从句; I find it necessary that we should ask him for advice. 2. 介词后常接wh-词引导的从句,很少接that引导的(介词but, except, in 除外), 若介词后的从句由 that引导,则须用it作形式宾语After what seemed a long time, he returned home.You may depend on it that they will support you.She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her. 3. 在“be+adj.”后,常可接that引导的宾语从句,也可把其称为原因状语从句. I’m afraid that I can’t accept your invitation. She’s happy that her daughter had passed the exams.4. 否定转移：“think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine”等词所接的宾语从句若为否定式，常把否定词提前到在主句中。
He doesn’t believe we have finished our work. I don’t think he cares about it, does he?5. “that”引导的宾语从句做某动词或形容词宾语时,“that”可省略，但若有两个并列的“that”从句，后一个“that”不可省略； I hear Tom is good at soccer and that he joined the club last week. 6. 宾语从句的时态特点①主句若用现在时(含一般现在时,一般将来时，现在完成时),从句根据情况可用任何相应时态； I hear they will be back in a week. Do you know why he left without a word? I’m not sure whether he has been to the Great Wall before.②主句用过去式时,从句要用相应的过去时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）；She hesitated whether she would take our advice.He told me his son was watching TV.He said that he had been in London for two days. 注：当从句表示“真理，格言，谚语，科学事实”时，从句用现在时态；My grandpa told me that the earth is round.三、表语从句表语从句放在系动词后，如be, seem, look等,用来说明，解释主语，使其具体化；常见引导词：that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, whoever, how far, how soon, how often, whomever, whatever, whichever, because, as if\\\/as though; 1. What she wants to know is _______ computer she should buy.2. The problem was ______ could do the work.3. What I want to know is _________ answers are right.4. He is late for school today; it is ________ he missed the first bus.5. It seems _________ he is from the USA.6. The trouble is _______ he has no work experience.7. The question is ________ we should ask them for help.8. He missed the first bus today; that is ________ he was late for school.9. This is ________ you made the mistakes.10. The problem is _______ he can get food and clothing.注：1. 引导词通常不省略； 2. 当“reason”做主语时，表语从句用 “that”引导；The reason for his illness is that he was caught in a heavy rain. 3. The truth\\\/fact is that… The trouble\\\/difficulty\\\/problem is that… The fact is that he has never been there before.The trouble is that we are short of money and technology.四、同位语从句同位语从句放在某名词后，对其进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容。
常见引导词：that, when, where, whether, why, who, whom, whose, how… 同位语从句常放在下列名词后: news, word, idea, fact, truth, reason, thought, doubt, belief, hope, promise, possibility, order, proposal, advice, suggestion, demand…There was little hope that they would survive.Word came that our team had won.I have no idea why she left.They had the question whether he could pass the final exam. He didn’t take my advice that we should set off earlier.
宾语从句的三大要素
shn199882： 不知道您是否满意
这是我从百度百科上复制过来的（因为数字限制，因此做了部分删减）：宾语从句的用法 1.that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。
但下列情况除外： （1）介词宾语从句的that不省略 （2） and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. （3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外： （1）whether从句中有or not （2）whether从句做介词宾语 Everything depends on whether you agree with us 3.许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。
结构常是： 主语+动词+it+形容词\\\/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. bu[编辑本段]宾语从句（版本三） 宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后。
eg． Tell him which class you are in ． Do you know what he likes
注：(1)主、从句时态一致： 主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需； eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时； eg．He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意问句 在think \\\/ believe \\\/ suppose \\\/ guess \\\/ imagine \\\/ expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。
（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称） eg． I don't think you are right ,are you ? I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? （3）运用虚拟语气的情况 在表示： 建议 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气） eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard． He ordered that we should go out at once． （4）宾语从句后置情况 如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置 eg．You may think it strange that he would live there． （5）宾从中that不可省略的情况 宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略 A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better． B．当it作形式宾语时 eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him． C．当宾语从句前置时 eg．That our team will win，I believe．[编辑本段]宾语从句（版本四）一、定义和宾从例句分析 宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。
A 作动词的宾语: I heard the news. 主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语 I heard that he would come here later on. 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语---宾语从句 B 作介词的宾语: He said nothing about the plan. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语 He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成 带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。
连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how. 1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day. 宾语 2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 间接宾语 直接宾语 3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer. 间接宾语 直接宾语 4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting. who hadn’t passed the exam. when she would leave this building. why she cried last night. where she was going to study. which student was his partner in the short play. if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning. how she managed to solve the problem. why water flows from a high position to a lower position. 在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。
5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner. who broke the window yesterday. when I can have a holiday. why I failed the exam yesterday. where I should have dinner with my friend tonight. which book is the best one. if (whether) I have passed the exam. how my cat escaped from the room last night. 在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。
三、注意 A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. 宾语从句的点点滴滴 宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。
它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。
现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下： 一，引导词 A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。
例：I told him that he was wrong. l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对) l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例：I don’t know if\\\/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if\\\/whether we had finished the experiment. l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导. 例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导. 例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。
连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语) I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语) 二，宾语从句的语序， 宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 例：I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 二，宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制， 既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例: 1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student. 2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English. l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country. lCould you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 注意事项： u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。
例：She said: “I have been to England before.” She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths?” She asked me if I liked maths. u宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式 ”做宾语的简单句结构。
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
