
形容词加动词不定式表示什么意思
后面的不定式做原因状语,比如delighted是一种情绪,那么引起这种情绪的原因就是不定式的内容。
be+形容词(主要是感情类动词)+动词不定式 这样句型中的不定式做什么成分
有的语法书说是宾语有的说是原
分类1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
)2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实,变成之意,例如:The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
(turn out表终止性结果)注意事项:系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用。
复习系动词时,必须注意以下几个问题: 1. be是最重要的系动词,主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。
通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。
特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。
前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语。
如:The door was closed. 后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。
如:The door was closed by me.还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。
前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。
如:My job is teaching English.后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。
如:Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。
表示人体感官的系动词有sound,taste,look,feel,smell等,后面接形容词;表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become,get,go,turn,run,grow,come,fall,prove等,后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词,become后面接单数名词时,名词前要用不定冠词,turn后面接单数名词时,名词前不用不定冠词;表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue,keep,remain,stay,stand lie,rest,stay等,后面接表示状态的形容词;表示判断的系动词有seem和appear,后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。
3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。
常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。
4. 要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词,又可以做实意动词的用法。
系动词部分主要注意:其后要求接形容词,而不是副词做表语。
遇到这种情况,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。
以taste一词为例:The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.(这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。
注意:在这句话里,taste做系动词,不能使用进行时,后面接形容词。
)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.(厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。
注意:在这句话中,taste做实意动词,可以使用进行时,并且后面接副词做状语。
)希望采纳
英语中,形容词后面能不能接不定式
肯定可以的:It's important\\\/hard\\\/difficult to do sth.I'm glad to see you.
不定式不可以在句子中做什么成分
不定式是一种非限定性动词。
而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
2.用途: 在句中不能作谓语。
它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。
【动词不定式】 1.结构:动词 + 不定式 2.用途: 动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。
动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
[编辑本段][动词不定式的时态、语态] 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性 动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。
这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语,其形式如下: 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 (not) to do(not) to be done 进行式 (not) to be doing无被动 完成式 (not) to have done ( not) to have been done (1)语态 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。
如: It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请) It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语) I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语) Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语) He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语) 在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。
如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) (2)时态 1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行时: She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来 [编辑本段][疑问词+不定式结构] 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。
如: ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语) ②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语) ③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做间接宾语) ④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语) 以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。
如:①When we shall leave…③…how I could learn… 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, lea rn, observe, understand, wonder等。
[编辑本段][动词不定式的语法功能] 一、作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。
如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。
如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. ④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。
在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。
这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English. (3)举例 1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
注意:1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see. 二、作宾语 1) 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语 afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到), appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),condescend(屈尊),consent(准许),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(预示),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓),want(想要),wish(希望) pretend 举例: The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2) 动词+疑问词+ 不定式 decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式。
如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. I find it difficult to learn English well. 三、作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn 例句: a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法: Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。
find后也可带一个从句。
此类动词还有get,have。
I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important. 典型例题: The next morning she found the man ___ in bed,dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 答案:A.find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用。
现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题 Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案:A. 由consider to dosth. 排除B、D。
. 此句只说明发明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即可。
而C为现在完成时,发明为点动词一般不用完成时,且此处也不强调对现在的影响,因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词 Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean… The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
有些动词需用as 短语做补语,如regard, think believe, take, consider. We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
四、作表语 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. ③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①)。
当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定 式说明主语的内容。
④Our work is serving the people. ⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper. ⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting. ④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving thepeople is our work,而⑥句中是现在分词作 表语,说明主语的性质、状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。
五、作状语 1)目的状语 To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3) 表原因 I'm glad to see you. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案:B. 如果不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。
当动词与介词连用时,常位于形容词+动词不定式结构的末尾。
六、作定语 ⒈不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。
如: ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ②Do you have anything to be taken to your sister? ③Do you have anything to say on the question? ④Would you please give me some paper to write on? ⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last. 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系: (1)表示将来的动作(例①)。
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④)。
(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②)。
(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。
[编辑本段][省to 的动词不定式] 1) 情态动词 ( 除ought 外,ought to): 2) 使役动词 let, have, make: 3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。
8 be afraid doing\\\/to do be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为怕; be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。
doing 是客观上造成的,意为生怕,恐怕。
She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
.9 be interested doing\\\/to do interested to do 对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事。
interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法。
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。
(想了解) I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。
你想过这事吗? (一种想法) 10 mean to doing\\\/to do mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
11 begin(start) doing\\\/to do begin \\\/ start to do sth begin \\\/ start doing sth. 1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴
2) begin, start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。
我开始生起气来。
3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth。
我开始明白真相。
4) 物作主语时 It began to melt.
不定式可以做哪些句子成分,详细说明,举例子
动词不定式在句中起着名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它成份。
高考侧重考查其作宾语、定语、目的状语、表语的功能以及不带to的用法。
一、不定式的宾语功能 hope, wish, expect, pretend, plan, decide, seem等动词后需接不定式作宾语。
例:She pretended ______ me when I passed by.(MET’89) A.not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen解析:pretend后应接不定式作宾语,其否定式是“not to do”,故选A。
二、不定式的定语功能 不定式作定语,被其修饰的名词为不定式所表动作的逻辑主语、逻辑宾语等。
例1:There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.(上海1999) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing解析:从语境可知,该空作定语修饰five pairs,且five pairs为该空所表动作的逻辑宾语,所以应填不定式to choose from作定语,表示“从……中挑选”,故选B。
例2:It seems that he has no pen ______. (北京 2003 春) A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with解析:从语境可知该空作定语修饰pen,故选B。
三、不定式的目的状语功能 不定式常作目的状语,同时它可用于一些固定搭配来作目的状语,如 in order (not ) to do,so as (not) to do。
例1:-Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? -______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (上海1999) A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting解析:从语境可知,每天吃一只鸡蛋的目的是给你提供更多的蛋白质和营养,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选C。
例2:In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive.(上海 2002)A. to make B. making C. to have make D. having make解析:从语境可知,许多国营公司正在努力的目的是使他们的产品更具竞争性,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选A。
四、不定式的表语功能 不定式和-ing形式一样可作表语,说明主语的内容。
例: The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult. (NMET’99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make解析:本题句意是“应用新技术的目的是使生活变得更安逸,而非更困难”。
通常两个以上不定式并列时,后者的to常省掉;但是如果表示对比或对照关系时,后者的to不可以省掉,故选B。
五、不定式的综合考点 高考对不定式的考查并不仅限于考查一般形式,而更多的是考查它的进行式、完成式、被动式、完成被动式等较复杂的结构。
例1:Hurry up, he is sure ______ for us.(NMET’ 95) A. to wait B. to be waiting C. waiting D. being waited解析: be sure 后应接不定式。
根据句意,现在之所以应快点走是因为他正在等我们,所以应用不定式的进行式,故选B。
例2:Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET 2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen解析:从语境可知,该题第二个分句要表达“他们是否喜欢(去国外旅行),(人们)还不知道”这一意思,故选B。
名词化的形容词,不定式,动名词是什么意思
我不是很懂,关于英语的。
可以举些例子吗
谢谢、
名词化形容实意思可以做形容词用又可以做名词用的比如old纪大的,但是变成 the old ,这里的old就是老人的意思了不定式 to do ,一般会表示去做什么事,或者是为了什么,还有一种就是词组里的固定搭配。
具体情况具体分析比如:He wants to go home。
这里是固定搭配 They play basketball to keep heath。
这里的to keep 就是表示目的。
动名词其实就是动词加ing,变成名词形式,比如Swimming is good for your health.游泳有益于你的健康。
这里的游泳就是动名词做主语。
不懂再问噢



