主动表被动的所有情况
在英语学习中，多用主动表被动，这多中国学生来说是一个难点，常常们感到不好学，不好掌握，在此小结一下 1、 Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will require\\\/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair wants\\\/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。
2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。
I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。
（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。
（与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系） He has a family to support. 他要维持一个家庭。
（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系） 3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。
如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如 difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient（便利的，方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等，不定式用主动表被动。
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。
I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。
That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。
4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。
下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责? You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。
The house is to let.此房出租。
A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。
常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。
6、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词。
常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。
例如: The door won''t open.这门打不开。
It can''t move.它不能动。
7、一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。
例如: The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。
These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服很易洗。
The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。
8、主语much, a great deal, little, what等，其表语如是不定式，则用不定式的主动表被动。
What is to do? 做什么
Much is to do. 太多要做的事。
9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。
There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。
I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。
Exercises: choose the best choice. 1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth __. A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see 2. The food __ easily and sells __. A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good 3. The windows of the building can’t __., A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed Key: 1-3 CAB
英语语法形式问题
如果单纯要解释-ing和-ed，是不好解释的。
-ing是现在分词，但是-ed可以是过去式，也可以是过去分词。
他们的用法需要具体的题目说明，上边的朋友已经把-ing和-ed的其中一个用法作了说明，在此就不重复了。
1.-ing和-ed（过去分词）在高中作状语时还有主动与被动之分，-ing表示主动，-ed（过去分词）表示被动。
如：1）He is walking ______(wear) a cap.此处填wearing,因为wear与he是主动关系。
2）He has a cold _____(move) into hospital.此处填moved,被送进医院，move与he是被动关系。
2.有些动词的-ed形式（过去分词）还有形容词的用法，如devoted是devote的过去分词，有奉献的意思。
3.-ed形式（过去分词）还可以构成被动句，如：He was ____(move) into hospital.此处填moved。
此处的被动与作状语时的被动完全不同，作状语时不构成句子，即不作句子成分，而构成被动句则必须作句子成分。
记得采纳啊
非谓语动词练习和讲解
非谓语动词(theNon-FiniteVerbs)定义在句子中不是谓语的动词，形式：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）作用：在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等。
特点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
4.谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
5.英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
与谓语动词的关系相同点（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：Theybuiltagarden.Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.（2）都可以被状语修饰：Thesuitfitshimverywell.Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.（3）都有主动与被动,“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。
例如：Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.（谓语动词被动语态）Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.（动名词的被动式）Wehavewrittenthecomposition.（谓语动词的完成时）Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.（现在分词的完成式）（4）都可以有逻辑主语Theystartedtheworkatonce.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）Thebossorderedthemtostartthe
九年级上册英语重点语法.短语
不定代词（some any,all both,either neither,no none,each every,many much,few little的区别与联系）A复合不定代词 12个Bsome any的用法时态A一般现在、过去、将来时B现在、过去完成时C过去、现在、将来进行时D现在完成进行时宾语从句（3种）定语从句（以that为主）构词法，主要词缀（un dis bi ab inter tele re ful tion less ese y ing ed ly able al等）主要缩写形容词与副词的比较级，最高级A特殊变化与一般变化B用法动词的种类行为、情态、联系、助动词句子的成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语简单句5大基本句型（顺便掌握及物与不及物动词的区别）动词不定式A基本结构（to+动词原型，否定式为not to+动词原型）B用法C疑问词+不定式被动语态A主动与被动的概念B构成C情态动词被动语态虚拟语气（以“现在不可能发生”为主）结构为If+主+V-ed,主+would do。
注意从句里面be用were双宾语情态动词caN could,should,would,would like,might may,have to must,need特别注意掌握情态动词表推测直接引语，间接引语注意指示代词、时间与地点词、动词转换的情况注意不转换的情况注意主从一致状语从句（特别是IF ，WHEN和UNTIL）注意主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在表将来。
名词A专有名词与普通名词B可数与不可数C可数名词单数与复数D所有格19.代词A人称代词B物主代词C指示代词20.数词A基数词B序数词21.动词缩略形式介词A时间介词B地点介词C其他冠词分词A现在与过去分词B现在分词做主语等C分词做定语倒装A so+动词+主语B部分倒装特殊A季节，星期，月份，年份读法B报时C动词+介词，动词+副词的各种特殊意义D其他（如7大洲，4大洋，扑克花色，电影.音乐的类型，国家与首都等）{你是老师就很容易看懂上面这些了，如果是学生.那就去查查语法书吧.} 初三英语上册第五单元If you go to the party ,you’ll have a gr[ 2010-6-21 9:28:00 | By: 龙双华 ]初三英语上册第五单元If you go to the party ,you’ll have a great time单元 试题 （满分100分 时间70分钟） 1． 单项选择（20） ( )1.I think I’m going to the party____bus . A.on B.by a C.take a D.by 2.If it ----torrow,We----a snowman . A will snow; will make B snows;make C will snow ;make D snow;will make3 You must ask him -------the rulesA remember B remembers C to remember D remembering4.What will happen if you are late for class ?The teacher won’t me in . A ask B let C make Dtake 5.---you become famous people will ----you .A But;look up B And ;look for C If ;look over D If ;look up to6 If he ----go to college ,he will have to work .A to B won’t C doesn’t D isn’t7.What happened ----them ?A to B with C of D in8 Mary sings quite wellA So she does B She does so C So does she D Does she do9 If you do The teacher -----------A take it away B take away it C will take it away D will take away it10 She made a living by _____beforeA singing B sing C sang D sings11.Don’t spend any money ____this kind of thing .A in B with C \\\/ D on12.Doing it well can make my mother _________A happily B happy C sad Dsadly13.If it _____tmorrom,I’ll go to the Summer Palace. A don’t rain Bdaesn’t rain Cdidn’t rain Dwill rain14.I want to know _________in the party.Aif you have a good timeB if you had agood timeC that you have a good time Dwhere you had a good time15. You will stay healthy _________you do more exercise ,such as running and walking .Aif B how C before D where16. I’m going to the schoolparty._________Aso am I B So I do C models D So do I17.Don’t _________your jeans to the school party ?A put on B dress C wearing Dwear18.If you do,you _______leave.A will must B will have to C must D have to19. We often spend 3 hours ________our homework .A on doing B ding C in D at20.Today is as _______as yesterday.A colder B coldest C cold D coldly二．单词拼写（10）1.I want you to r________ the rules for school parties.2.If you become a p_______ soccer player ,you’ll become a great soccer playwer.3.Many a________ will come to china in 20084.Many famous people c_______ that they are not happy .5.I’m going to go the m________ tonight.三．用词的适当形式填空（10）1．Jack is as ________(luck) as I .2. You can make a ________(live) by selling newspapers.3. Some of them don’t want _________(travel).4. Be careful ,or you’ll be hurt __________(bad).5. What made you __________(happy)6. If he ________(call) me tomorrow,I _______(go ) with him .7. Why not ______{have} a party?8. If you work hard ,you’ll become a great soccer _________(play).9, He has made _________(thousand) of money.10.He has two ________(hundred) books.三．完形填空（10）1.Mr and Mrs Jones don’t often go out ____1__,but last Saturday ,Mrs Jones _2__to her husband ,”There is a good ____3_____tonight .Can we go and see it ?’’Mr Jones was quite ___4 ______about it ,so they went and both of them liked the film very much .They came out of __5__at 11o’clock ,got into their ___6__and began to drive home .It was quite dark ,then Mrs Jones said to Mr Jones ,’’Look,A woman is running along the road very ___7__,and a man is running after her .Can you see them ?’’Mr Jones said ,’’Yes ,I can .’’He drove the car slowly near the woman and said to her ,’’Can we ___8_____you ?’’“No ,thank you ,”the woman said ,but she did not stop ___9___,”My husband and I always run home after the film ,and the _____10 one does the cleaning at home .”( )1.A in the moring B in the evening C in the afternoon D at noon( )2.A told B talked C spoke D said( )3 Afilm B match C meeting D message( )4 A angry B afraid C worried D happy( )5 A the film B TV C the cinemas D the shop( )6.A seats B chairs C car D train( )7.A fast B slowly C late D. long( )8A leave B notice C help D love( )9A to run B running C runs D ran( ) 10 A last B angry C happy D great四．短文填空（10）China is located(位于in Asia .It has the largest population (人口) in the world .Qomolangma is the hightest m__1_in the world .Shanghai is the largest city in China ,and Beijing is the c___2 of China .The Great wall was used by the ancient Chinese to k___3 invaders (入侵者)out of China .p____4, the black and white animal is native（本土的）only to China .In China the year 2000 is c____5 the year of Dragon .Antelopes (羚羊)are fast running ,horned (有角的)animals .They b___6 to the goat family but look like deer .T____7 is a favorite drink in China .Chopticks(筷子)are used by Chinese people to e____8 food .Umbrella ,the Chinese invention (发明),keep us d__9__in the rain .The Chinese invented paper to w_____10 on .Fireworks (焰火)is also a Chinese invention .We use it in the big festivals .1_______2________3_______4_________5_______6___________7________8___________9___________10______________五．阅读理解（10）It was Mother’s Day ,but the young mother was a little unhappy ,because she was 800 miles away from her parents .In the moring she phoned her mother to wish her a happy Mother’s Day ,and her mother told her about the beautiful lilacs（丁香）in the garden .Later that day ,when she told her husband about the lillacs,he said ,’’I know where we can find all that you want .Get the Children and come on .So they went on driving down the country roads. There on a small hill, they saw a lot of beautiful purple lilacs.The young woman ran quickly to enjoy the flowers .Carefully , she picked a few here and a few there .On their way home there was a smile on her face .When they were passing a nursing home ,the young woman saw an old granny sitting in a chair .She had no children with her .they stopped the car and the young woman walked to the old woman and put the flowers in her hands ,and smiled at her .The old granny thanked her again and again ,She smiled happily ,too. When the young mother came back to her car ,her children asked her,”Who is that old granny ?Why did you give our flowers to her ?” “I don't know her ,”their mother said .”But it’s Mother’s Day ,and she has no children ,I have all of you ,and I still have my mother .Just think how much those flowers meant to her .”( ( )1.The young woman was a little unhappy on Mother’s Day because _______ A she didn't have a present B she was a long way away from her mother C she didn’t know it was Mother’s Day D she want to see her father ( )2 There were many beautiful purple lilacs ____________ A in her garde B in the market C in her mother’s garden D in the nursing home ( )3 The young woman had ________ A one child B no child C more than one child D a boy and a girl ( ) 4 The young woman gave the flowers to the old granny because _______ A The old granny was her mother B She didn't know the old granny was her mother C her mother asked her to do so D she wanted the old granny to be happy ,too ( )5 Which of the following is NOT true ? A The young woman was kind B The young woman was understanding C The young woman was friendly D The young woman was surprise 六 汉译英（20） 1如果你去参加聚会的话，你会玩的很高兴的。
——you _____ ______the party ,you _____ ________ ______ _____ _______ 2我想我明天要呆在家里 I think I ____ _____ ______ ______ at home tomorrow 3你必须提醒他学校的规定 You must _____ him ______the school rules 4如果你在聚会时大喊或乱跑的话，你就得离开 If you ____ ______ ______ at the party ,_____ _____ ______leave 5露西擅长英语，我也是 Lucy ____ good _____ English . ______ _______ _________ 6你想环游世界吗
_______ you want ____ ____ _____ the world 7他们不喜欢离开家人 They don't like to ____ ______ away from _____ ______ 8你可以通过做你喜爱的事来谋生 You can ____ _____ _____ ______ doing something that you _____ 9我将可以帮助人 I ____ _____ _____ ______help people 10我今晚打算去看电影 I ____ ______ ______ go to the _____ 七书面表达（10） 假设你变成了一位非 有 钱 的人，你会怎么想
你会怎么做
有何感受
请写一篇70---80词的短文1.词汇A.单词四会:lose(lost),past,corner,or,travel,lie(lay),library,medicine,hurry三会:accident,motor,motorbike,suddenly,land,gatekeeper,crowd,whileB.词组\\\/句型washclothesmakeadressrideamotorbikewritealetter…,ifyoucanhavealittleaccidentseesbdosthwalkpastgivesthbacktosbridealongtheroadplaywithsbworryaboutatrafficaccidentleaveschoolshouttosbbebadlyhurtstopthetrafficcarrysb\\\/sthto…It‘sreallyniceofyou.crowdround…intheschoollibraryasquicklyasonecould,…theschoolofficehurryofftodosthtrytodosthhurryoverIt’snothing.moveawaytellsbaboutsthamedicineboxhurryyptakesb\\\/sthto…gethelpfrom…calltodosth
非谓语动词的用法详解
非谓语动词用法详解动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“nottodo”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成．1．不定式的用法：l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如：Toseeistobelieve．Itisrighttogiveupsmoking．2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如：Hewantedtogo．Ifinditinterestingtostudyworkwithhim.3)作宾语补足语．例如：Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.注意：在feel，hear，listento，lookat，notice,observe，see，watch，have,let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如Ioftenhearhimsingthesong．Heisoftenheardtosingthesong．注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如：Shecoulddonothingbutcry.
初三英语多谢了
BDCCB
为什么要用非谓语动词阿
此处作方式状语,表示伴随的动作和状态.为了让你更明白,我吧非谓语的笔记给你贴上了,呕心沥血的沉淀啊,你可得搞清楚了啊.呵呵在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词.非谓语动词有动词不定式（theInfinitive）；动名词（theGerund）；现在分词（thePresentParticiple）；过去分词（thePastParticiple）.1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如：Theybuiltagarden.Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.（2）都可以被状语修饰：Thesuitfitshimverywell.Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.（3）都有主动与被动,“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化.例如：Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.（谓语动词被动语态）Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.（动名词的被动式）Wehavewrittenthecomposition.（谓语动词的完成时）Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.（现在分词的完成式）（4）都可以有逻辑主语Theystartedtheworkatonce.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）WeareLeaguemembers.（谓语动词的主语）WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.（现在分词的逻辑主语）2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词）,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中作状语.（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）否定式：not+(to)do（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,例如：I'mgladtomeetyou.Heseemstoknowalot.Weplantopayavisit.Hewantstobeanartist.Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如：Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如：Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.2．不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.（2）作表语：Herjobistocleanthehall.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.（3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语（不定式）后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如：MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如：Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如：HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.（4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如：Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema．有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to,如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.（5）作定语：动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系：①动宾关系：Ihaveameetingtoattend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如：Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Whatdidyouopenitwith?如果不定式修饰time,place,way,可以省略介词：Hehasnoplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Haveyougotanythingtosend?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?②说明所修饰名词的内容：Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：Heisthefirsttogethere.（6）作状语：①表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.wrong：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.right：TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.②表结果：Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.③表原因：Theywereverysadtohearthenews.④表程度：It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.（7）作独立成分：Totellyouthetruth,Idon'tlikethewayhetalked.（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词.Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to.Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.（二）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能.1．动名词的形式：否定式：not+动名词（1）一般式：Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实.（2）被动式：Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会.（3）完成式：Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影.（4）完成被动式：HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.（5）否定式：not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告.（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次.HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.2．动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的.Collectingstampsisinteresting.集邮很有趣.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.It'snousequarrelling.争吵是没用的.（2）作表语：Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.（3）作宾语：Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝.Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染.注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句.此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如：Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好.要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承认）,deny（否认）,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒险）,appreciate（感激）,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp（情不自禁地）,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…（from）,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike（4）作定语：Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路.Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你们学校有游泳池吗?（5）作同位语：Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密.Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged．他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.（三）现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.1、现在分词的形式：否定式：not+现在分词（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如：Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他们边唱边说向公园走去.Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.做完作业,他开始打篮球.（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作.Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被讨论的问题很重要.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.2．现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后.Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了.Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如：inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed;themanspeakingtotheteacher可改为themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacher.（2）现在分词作表语：Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒.Thepresentsituationisinspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心.be+doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构.（3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等.例如：Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让小汽车在门口等着.（4）现在分词作状语：①作时间状语：(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.②作原因状语：BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.③作方式状语,表示伴随：Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里,又擦又洗.④作条件状语：(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.⑤作结果状语：Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎.⑥作目的状语：Hewentswimmingtheotherday.几天前他去游泳了.⑦作让步状语：Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了.⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了.Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习.有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了.⑨作独立成分：udgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看,他一定是个演员.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般说来,女孩子更细心.（四）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住.过去分词的句法功能：1．过去分词作定语：OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会.注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面.过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句.2．过去分词作表语：Thewindowisbroken.窗户破了.Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.注意：be+过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.区别：Thewindowisbroken.（系表）Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成.如：boiledwater（开水）fallenleaves（落叶）newlyarrivedgoods（新到的货）therisensun（升起的太阳）thechangedworld（变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等.3．过去分词作宾语补足语：Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次.有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了,他们出去玩去了.4．过去分词作状语：Praisedbytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.（表示原因）Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.（表示时间）Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.如果给予的时间,我能做得更好.（表示条件）Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.（表示让步）
