
请问:什么形容词后面可以接虚拟语气
在It is +形容词+that主语从句中,的形容词有:imortant, vital , essential, necessary, desirable 等。
不管句子是现在式还是过去式,同样用虚拟语气。
如:It is essential that every child ( should ) have the sane educational opportunities. ( 每个孩子都应有同等受教育的机会,这是很必要的。
)
形式主语加形容词加that后面要用虚拟语气吗。
如It's important that sb sho
Itis+adj.+that……后面是不是只能跟虚拟语气
不是只能跟虚拟语气的.你要分清什么时候才用虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
如果不是表达那些意思的话是不用到虚拟语气的例如:Itisstrangethathemadeamistake.奇怪的是他犯了一个错误。
这是一个陈述句,就是陈述一个事实:他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。
Itisstrangethathe(should)havemadeamistake.他居然犯了一个错误,真令人奇怪。
这是虚拟语气,说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。
Itis\\\/was+形容词\\\/名词+that主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求,命令或者责备,但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。
以下为词典原句:(不过考试作文中建议你还是多用虚拟语气)Itisashamethattherainspoiledourpicnic.真可惜,这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。
Itisapity(that)helostsomuchmoney.他损失这麽多钱,真是遗憾。
Hewasaverybravemananditissurprisingthathelivedsolong.他是一个非常勇敢的人,而令人惊讶的是他活得那麽长命。
Itisstrangethatnobodyknowswherehelives.真奇怪,谁也不知道他住在哪里。
附:虚拟语气用在主语从句中有以下几种情况:1.在句型Itisimportant(necessary,strange,impossible,natural)that....中,that后面的从句中的谓语
下面的句子为什么不用虚拟语气?
给看虚拟如何用虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would\\\/ should\\\/ could\\\/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would \\\/ should \\\/ could \\\/ might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。
一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to \\\/ should +动词原形,主句用would \\\/ should \\\/could\\\/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题) ⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。
这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. ⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。
例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。
(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him. ⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。
值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。
例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式 ① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. ② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. ③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. ⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now. Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气 ⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. ⒉ 在It's (high\\\/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school ⒊ 虚拟语气在as if \\\/ as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。
例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。
例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题) ⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。
例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice. 虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功
虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
虚拟语气详解运用: 简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。
如: ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗
⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运
⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐
⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就
⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。
2、用动词原形。
例如: (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁
(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你
” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快
三、表示强烈愿望。
(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) (1).God save me. (2).Heaven help us. 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。
(1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。
如: (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。
(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。
第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反): 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。
例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。
(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。
(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。
(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。
(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反): 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。
例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。
(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。
(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。
本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。
所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案 三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望): 从句动词would\\\/should\\\/could\\\/might + 动词原形(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。
用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
例: 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。
(事实上雨还在下着呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。
(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。
(事实上她还没到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她会改变主意。
(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起) 四)、注意: 1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。
例如: I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有: 表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order 表示“主张”的:maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist 例如: 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。
) 4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。
) 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English
虚拟语气的各种用法
、虚拟条件句的三种基本类型:与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。
真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生: If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间,我就同他们去。
(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你,我就同他们去。
(虚拟语气) ▲ 与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”: If I knew her number ,I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。
(可惜我不知道) ▲与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”: If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。
(但我动身太迟了) ▲与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”: If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。
(不过我不打算这样做) 注:几点特别说明 ① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。
would, might, could的大致区别是:would表示结果,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允许或可能性。
比较: If you tried again ,you would succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就会成功的。
(would表结果) If you tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的。
(might表可能) If you tried again ,you could succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就能成功了。
(could表能力) ④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用直陈语气或祈使语气: If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就不要等我了。
(祈使语气) If I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。
(直陈语气) 2、错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整: If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了。
3、两个常考虚拟语气句型 ▲ 句型介绍 这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型,也经常受到命题人的青睐,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。
如: If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded. =But for your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded. =Without your assistance ,we wouldn’t have succeeded. 5、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气 ▲ 用法说明 动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would \\\/ could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。
如: 注:特别注意 从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,而与wish的时态无关,比较: I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。
I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。
I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。
I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。
6、if only后的句子用虚拟语气 if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同: If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了! 注:if only 通常独立使用,没有主句。
7、as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气 ▲ 基本用法 以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词原形: He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注:两点说明 (1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气: It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译: It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
8、It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气 ▲ 基本用法 从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”: It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。
(不用were) 9、would rather后句子用虚拟语气 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气, 表示”宁愿做什么” ,具体用法为: ▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望 I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望 I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
10、宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型 ▲ I wish后的宾语从句 动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would \\\/ could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。
如: I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
▲ 表示“坚持”后的宾语从句 主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如: I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
注:动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。
比较: He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
▲ 表示“命令”后的宾语从句 主要是指order, command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如: He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
▲ 表示“建议”后的宾语从句 主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如: He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
注:与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别也是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。
比较并体会: He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
▲ 表示“要求”后的宾语从句 主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如: I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。
He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。
▲ 表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句 主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如: I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
▲ 表示“敦促”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如: He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。
▲ 表示“安排”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如: He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
▲ 表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如: She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
▲ 表示“指示”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如: The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
11、主语从句中的虚拟语气 在It is necessary,important,strange,natural, advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ;it is a pity;It is requested\\\/suggested\\\/desired\\\/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。
如: ▲ It’s important…类 这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。
如: It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。
▲ It’s a pity…类 It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差,真可怜。
▲ It’s desired…类 这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...句型。
如: It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
12、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation ,suggestion, idea,plan,order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。
如: Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go. 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
13、 在 lest ,for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 在 lest ,for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should+动词原形, should 可以省略. She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
为方便记忆,表格对比 使用虚拟语气的主要句型 谓语动词的虚拟形式 例句 表现在的虚拟条件句 从句:用动词过去(be 多用were ) 1. If I were you, I should study English. 2. I would certainly go if I had time. 主句:would\\\/should\\\/could\\\/might+动词原形 表过去的虚拟条件句 从句:had + PP 1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test. 2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 主句:would\\\/should\\\/could\\\/might +have + PP 表将来的虚拟条件句 从句:①用动词过去②should +V原③(were +to do ) 1. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 2. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 主句:would\\\/should\\\/could\\\/might +have + PP 省略 if 的条件句 从句:用倒装形式,即把were,had等置于句首。
(并只限were\\\/ had) 主句:根据虚拟的情况采取与从句相应的形式。
1. Were I in school again(= If I were in school again, I would work harder.) 2. Were it not for the rain, (不能说Weren’t it for the rain, ) I would go swimming. 错综时间条件句(从句与主句所表示时间不一致) 根据从句与主句表示的不同时进行调整。
1.If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now 2. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly. 含蓄条件句(虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文之中,从句不表现出来)(常见有but for“要不是” without等) 根据句子表达的实际情况选用相应的虚拟条件句中的主句的动词形式 1.Without air, there would be no living things. 2.I would have given you more help, but I was busy now. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 wish, “可惜……”“……就好了”,“悔不该……”“但愿……” wish后从句:与表各种时间的虚拟条件句中的从句动词形式基本相同。
具体:1,表与现在不能实现的愿望,从句用“过去时,be 用were” 2.表与过去不能实现的愿望,从句用“had+PP 或 could\\\/would +have +PP“ 3. .表与将来不能实现的愿望,从句用“could\\\/would +动词原形” 1.I wish I were a bird. 2. I wish I had known the answer.. would rather 后的宾语从句 would rather后从句:动词常用过去式 1. I would rather they came tomorrow demand, insist,suggest, command, order, require, request, desire等一类动词后的宾语从句 (suggest表“暗示、隐含等”insist表“强调,力言等”不用虚拟语气。
) 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省。
1. I suggest you (should)go at once. 2. He suggested that he patient’s leg should be cut and this suggested that he was not good at the case.(注意两个suggest的准确翻译) “It is (was)+上述demand\\\/suggest等动词过去分词(或important,natural,strange ,necessary等形容词)”后的主语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省。
1. It ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m. 2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once. order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省。
His demand is that we (should )finish the work in 3 hours. 特殊形式的虚拟语气 as if 引导的从句(表示非真实时)但表真实时,不用虚拟语气。
与虚拟语气条件中从句动词形式基本相同。
1.Tom speaks as if he were a girl. 2.He looks as if he had been to Beijing. so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 May\\\/might\\\/should +V原 I live so that others may live better. It is (the very\\\/high)time that后的定语从句 从句谓语动词常用过去式,有时也可用should+动词原形 It is (high)time that we went (should go) to bed. It is time that I were leaving. 省去主句的If only(要是……就好了)虚拟条件句 与wish后的宾语从句谓语形式相同。
If only I hadn’t lost the chance! (= I wish I hadn’t lost the chance) 某些表祝愿的句子 常用原形或“May+动词原形” Long live world peace! May you be happy1 表委婉客气的是常语句 情态动词的过去式+动词原形 Could I borrow your bike? Would you please give me a hand? 虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种: 一、与现在事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If 1.动词过去式(或were) 2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形 Should Would +动词原形 could might If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 二.与将来事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If 1. should+动词原形 2. 动词过去式 3、were to+动词原形 Should Would +动词原形 could might If you should lose, what would you do? If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 三、与过去事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If had+过去分词 Should Would + have+过去分词 could might If I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 省掉if的条件从句结构: Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…) 2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如: A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...) (=If there were no water,…) (=If you hadn’t helped me,…) 3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如: If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home. 五、虚拟语气的其他用法 1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下: suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形 devide, ask, move, propose等 注意:在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。
He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. 上述动词的名词形式出现时,that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking. 如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
He insists that he is right. 2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下: imperative, advisable, 动词完成式 It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that…(should) + essential, strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders. It is right that you should have done your homework. 3、wish的用法 动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反 主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反 助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反 I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..) I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.) I wish they’d let us get some sleep. 注意:wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。
wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
试比较: (1) We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.) (2) We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.) 4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如: He acts as if nothing had happened. I would rather you didn’t tell him. 5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如: It’s time (that) you had a hair cut. It’s high time (that) we took some action.
什么是虚拟语气,如何运用在句子中
虚拟语气表示不太可能发生的事一般采用过去式表示在句子中,eg:If I were you,I would go shopping.这个句子就是把条件从句里的动词全改为了过去式



