
以人生需要信仰为题,写一篇演讲稿
1.正确的人生信仰是对真理的领悟,是对生命、自然、社会的感恩,是对生命、自然、宇宙和自然与社会法则的敬畏,是有益于国家、社会和人民的人生意义,是具有正义感、崇高感和使命感的人生信念,是对真(真理)、善(善良)、美(美好)的人生追求,是超越一己私欲、胸怀天下的精神境界。
正确的人生信仰是一根脊梁,支撑着一个不倒的灵魂,支撑着人生的大厦;正确的人生信仰是一盏明灯,照亮着一个期盼的心灵,照亮着人生的殿堂;正确的人生信仰是一个路标,指引着一个前进的方向,指引着人生的道路。
正确的人生信仰是一股力量,能锻造出一个强大的内心,让人拥有宽广的胸怀。
2.信仰是人们对生活所持的某些长期的和必须加以捍卫的根本信念。
不管科学技术发展到何等程度,人的有限性是不会改变的,虽然我们知道的比2000年前的人们多得多,随着知识的增加,在一些问题的认识上获得了进展,但一些新的困惑又会产生,而在有些问题上,比如在死亡所引起的恐惧这一人生终极问题上,则几乎没有取得进展。
人类在欲知和未知、在有限和无限之间的鸿沟,与他们的祖先相比,缩小的幅度可能远没有想象的那么大。
在这道鸿沟里,既生出希望,也生出恐惧,这就给信仰留出了地盘。
人类永远需要信仰,要依靠信仰尽力拉近有限和无限的距离。
因此信仰和人们一般所说的信念有所不同。
信仰回答的是人生日常关切最有深度的方面。
信仰的对象也是崇拜的对象,在人类经验领域内的万事万物,一切无不是有限的,也只有有限的价值,这些只具有有限价值的事物很难作为信仰对象。
信仰是为了超越,超越一切有限,惟有超越现实的无限才能真正成为弥补人自身局限性的希望。
信仰的力量600字演讲稿
信仰是一个人的精神内核,是支撑人坚定走下去的动力源泉。
一个有信仰的人是一个有追求的人,时刻哟种无形的力量支撑着他往前走,即使身体离岗,精神永不离岗。
张海迪阿姨就是一个最好的例子。
5岁时,因病半身瘫痪,不能上学,但是对生命的渴望,对生活的热爱,使她在困难面前永不服输。
终于经历种种磨难,自学完成了多种语言,并创作出版了许多书籍,成了国内外有名的残疾人作家。
我们的革命战士,为了新中国的成立抛头颅洒热血,面对敌人的威逼利诱,面对敌人的严刑拷打,面对死亡,义无返顾,勇往直前,这就是因为他们心中有自己的信仰,有自己认为可以用生命去为之奋斗的东西,这就是信仰的力量。
人的胜利,不见得属于强者,但或迟或早,那相信自己能成功的人必能成功。
有了信仰,前方的路就不会再迷茫;有了信仰,前进的路中就不会再孤单;有了信仰,就有了翅膀,坚定得向着未来飞翔……
题目为《信仰》的演讲稿
我的中国梦。
“与信仰对话,与人生对话”“三观三热爱”三观三热爱:人生观、价值观、世界观、热爱祖国、热爱社会主义,热爱伟大的中华民族。
各位的华南学院的兄弟姐妹们,你们好。
下面我简单介绍一下我自己。
我,行不改姓,坐不改名,就是你们经常听到的传说中的那个李勇老师。
目前担任学校团委副书记,办公室在二楼学生政教处。
那么上课前,我想和同学们讲讲沟通课。
好,那么下面请同学们请跟我说一句话:“人际沟通——最忌讳的——就是一脸死相”,同意吗?同意的话和你旁边的同学们握个手,问声好。
好,了给自己鼓个掌。
今天你们来这里学习就只有两个目的,第一个就是你们要学到知识,顿悟智慧,回去指导你们以及你们的同学好好地开展工作学习生活;第二个目的就是交到朋友,整合资源,祖国处处有亲人,在华南更是如此。
不要小看这课室里面的同学,要是这个课室里面的同学团结起来肯定能干老大的事情,你们相不相信?正所谓人不可貌相,海水不可斗量,士别三日定当刮目相看。
所以送同学们三句话:人脉就是钱脉,关系就是实力,朋友就是生产力。
那么下面让我们来实现今天到这里的第二个目的—交到朋友,好不好
同意的话请和你们旁边的左邻右舍赶紧发生关系,握握手,问声好。
交完朋友之后,我们开始实现今天的第一个目的—学习知识,顿悟智慧。
那么下面让我们先来看看屏幕的主题—我的中国梦。
“与信仰对话,与人生对话”“三观三热爱”我还记得好几天之前,上课前,有个学生来我办公室
关于青春和信仰的演讲稿
每个人的一生都有必须做地三件事:吃喝,睡觉,上厕所。
作为一个人这都是必需的,但如果是一直只有这些事,只会使我们变成行尸走肉。
人吗,应当有追求,更应该有原则,换句话说,一个人需要理想和信仰。
在中华五千年的历史中,没有哪一个团体比我们的党的理想更远大,没有哪一个组织的成员比我们的党员信仰更坚定,所以没有哪一个团队比中国共产党更成功。
党章中就有我们的党信仰的文字化描述:中国共产党是工人阶级的先锋队,是中国各族人民利益的忠实代表,是中国社会主义事业的领导核心;对理想的描述是实现共同富裕,也就是国家富强。
有了这种理想与信仰中国共产党才能由弱变强,进而主宰中国现代的历史。
转而说个人,也是这个道理。
信仰与理想的作用也是不可估量的,它们是人生之舟的帆和舵.有了它们,一个人才能称之为人,一个人才能让有限的生命迸发出无限的能量,为世界增添一点亮色.世界上有很多这样的例子,像领导各国人民摆脱民族压迫的的领袖们,像让黑人获得权利的马丁.路德.金,以及在各个领域都有卓越建树的成功人士,毫无例外的,他们都有坚定的信仰与远大的理想,所以作为未来承担历史任务的主体大学生我们更应该拥有远大的理想和找到坚定的信仰世界上没有完全一样的两个人,但理想是可以共有的,信仰也是可以分享的.如果我们中的某些人志同道合,那是再还不过了,因为那不是简单的代数相加而是可能会发生质的变化,将不可能化为可能.关于怎样树立理想与找到坚定的信仰,作为社会主义接班人的我们的个人理想无疑要服从国家理想,我们的信仰也要服从马列主义.在不于国家理想矛盾的情况下,树立自己的的理想;根据马列主义找到自己的信仰.只有这样我们才不会被历史潮流淹没,成为祖国的罪人.具体细节方面因人而异,但大的方向不能错.
求一篇“青春的信仰”演讲稿 不要网上的
关于信仰的演讲稿范文每个人的一生都有必须做地三件事:吃喝,睡觉,上厕所。
作为一个人这都是必需的,但如果是一直只有这些事,只会使我们变成行尸走肉。
人吗,应当有追求,更应该有原则,换句话说,一个人需要理想和信仰。
在中华五千年的历史中,没有哪一个团体比我们的党的理想更远大,没有哪一个组织的成员比我们的党员信仰更坚定,所以没有哪一个团队比中国共产党更成功。
党章中就有我们的党信仰的文字化描述:中国共产党是工人阶级的先锋队,是中国各族人民利益的忠实代表,是中国社会主义事业的领导核心;对理想的描述是实现共同富裕,也就是国家富强。
有了这种理想与信仰中国共产党才能由弱变强,进而主宰中国现代的历史。
转而说个人,也是这个道理。
信仰与理想的作用也是不可估量的,它们是人生之舟的帆和舵.有了它们,一个人才能称之为人,一个人才能让有限的生命迸发出无限的能量,为世界增添一点亮色.世界上有很多这样的例子,像领导各国人民摆脱民族压迫的的领袖们,像让黑人获得权利的马丁.路德.金,以及在各个领域都有卓越建树的成功人士,毫无例外的,他们都有坚定的信仰与远大的理想,所以作为未来承担历史任务的主体大学生我们更应该拥有远大的理想和找到坚定的信仰世界上没有完全一样的两个人,但理想是可以共有的,信仰也是可以分享的.如果我们中的某些人志同道合,那是再还不过了,因为那不是简单的代数相加而是可能会发生质的变化,将不可能化为可能.关于怎样树立理想与找到坚定的信仰,作为社会主义接班人的我们的个人理想无疑要服从国家理想,我们的信仰也要服从马列主义.在不于国家理想矛盾的情况下,树立自己的的理想;根据马列主义找到自己的信仰.只有这样我们才不会被历史潮流淹没,成为祖国的罪人.具体细节方面因人而异,但大的方向不能错.
求人生哲理的演讲稿
时常听别人哼唱,自己也时常哼唱着姜育恒的那首《再回首》,惟独对“曾经在幽幽暗暗反反复复中追寻,才知道平平淡淡从从容容是最真”这一句不愿认同。
“孤独王子”唱得未免太超然了--一生反复追寻,就只得出了平淡是真的结论。
平平淡淡是最真,说到底不就是自甘平庸、自甘无为吗
曾几何时,我们这些带着中学彩色梦走进大学校门的莘莘学子们也在高喊着:平平淡淡是最真。
且有人认为只要“与世无争,恬淡一生”便可无忧无虑地生存,颇有要把老庄的“无为”思想发扬广大之势。
是什么使我们丰富的校园生活渐退了缤纷的色彩呢
又是什么使我们真实的熔浆凝固,不在有来自内心深处的热血沸腾
是因为我们没有走进梦想中的象牙塔
是因为我们未走出自我困惑的地带
还是因为我们的心真的不在年轻,确实把一切都看得平淡了呢
不
都不是
主宰世界的是你,放弃世界的仍然是你。
生活得最好的人,不是寿命最长的人,而是最能感受生活的人。
除了你没有走进理想的大学,除了你没有把握住一次几乎成功的爱情,除了你心中那份虚荣于倨傲,你对生活究竟有多少正确的感受
生活究竟给过你多少真正的重荷于不平呢
没有
只因为在当代的中国,在我们这个文盲、半文盲数以亿计的国度里,大学生既被社会过高的期待,也过高地期待着社会,只因为我们不能正确地估计自己,也不能正确认识社会。
那种求平淡的心态,仍是不思进取的借口。
于是,你曾经也想要有所作为,却不知道从何做起,跟着感觉走,在各种诱惑面前远离本真状态,被泥沙俱下的时代大潮裹挟着四处漂流。
当你疲倦地走过无数个三百六十五里,你才发现留在身后的除了那份平淡,什么也没有。
不再回头的,不只是那古老的辰光,也不只是那些个夜晚的星群和月亮,还有我们的青春在流逝着。
四年,我们有幸拥有着这四年,但多少人的四年已一去不返;更还有多少人在为能拥有这四年而埋头于题海和各种各样的模拟考试中呢、当初我们从他们这种状况中走出来,走进许多人梦寐以求的大学,难道就是为了追求“平平淡淡是最真”吗
在我们四年的每个日子里,倾注了亲人的多少关怀和温暖,他们流淌着辛勤的血汗,默默地支持着子女的选择,他们惟一的希望就是我们能自己走自己的人生之路。
还有,在许许多多的眸子里时时刻刻地流露着对我们的期待,期待我们能用知识建构大脑、用我们的手去为人们描写更美的生活。
在亲人面前,在那些关注我们的人的面前,我们又有什么理由去认为“平平淡淡是最真”呢
难道我们付出我们的金色年华,挥洒着父母的血汗仅仅是为了换取这份平平淡淡吗
仅仅是为了换取一张各科都过了60分的毕业证吗
小到为了每个家庭的付出,大到为了那如水流逝的时光,我们怎么就可以轻易认同“平平淡淡”才是真呢
最欣赏把撒哈拉沙漠变成人们心中的绿洲的三毛,也最欣赏她一句话:即使不成功,也不至于成为空白。
成功女神并不垂青所有的人,但所有参与、尝试过的人,即使没有成功,他们的世界却不是一份平淡,不是一片空白。
记得有一天和班上几个新近参加美术班学习的女生谈起了她们学习美术以后的感觉和收获。
她们告诉我:并没有什么大飞跃,但确实已学会了怎样用心去观察一个事物。
也许她们永远成为不了画家,但是我赞叹她们的这份参与意识和尝试勇气。
我想告诉她们:即使你们不成功,你们也没有成为空白。
说到这里有人会说:我的确平凡得很,无一技之长,不会唱不会跳,更不会吟诗作画,注定这四年就这么平淡了。
世上不过只有一个天才贝多芬,也不过是只有一个神童莫扎特,更多的人是通过尝试,通过毅力化平淡为辉煌的。
毅力在效果上有时能同天才相比。
有一句俗语说,能登上金字塔的生物只有两种:鹰和蜗牛。
虽然我们不能人人都像雄鹰一样一飞冲天,但我们至少可以像蜗牛那样凭着自己的耐力默默前行。
不要再为落叶伤感,为春雨掉泪;也不要满不在乎地挥退夏日的艳阳,让残冬的雪来装饰自己的面纱;岁月可使皮肤起皱,而失去热情,则使灵魂起皱。
拿出我们尝试的勇气,拿出我们青春的热情,大学四年毕业时,再回首,我们没有平淡、遗憾的青春。
让我们的青春飞扬吧
点评: 一篇优秀的演讲稿就像一件杰出的艺术品,无论你从哪一个角度去欣赏,它都会给你留下品位不尽的美感。
《让青春飞扬》可以说就是这样一篇优秀的演讲稿。
在这篇演讲稿中演讲者高远而富有现实意义的立意,演讲者对现实热点问题独到而精辟的见解,层层递进、逻辑严密的论证,但这篇演讲稿最引人注目的是它扑面而来的青春气息和极富哲理的语言风格。
首先,演讲者选择了一个极具时代气息的青年人关心的热门话题,她不谈古而论今,论的是在现在许多青年人中流行的一种人生观,她入题是从一首青年人喜爱的流行歌曲的歌词开始,巧妙入题,单刀直入,直切主题三言两语切中要害,通过包含情感的分析,批驳了一种无为的消极人生观,而鼓励青年朋友们树立起积极向上的人生观和生活态度,相信许多青年朋友听了这样的演讲以后一定会有所感悟,受到启发,全篇演讲稿洋溢着一种浓郁的青春气息,给人一种昂扬向上的蓬勃感。
其次,演讲是一门语言的艺术,这篇演讲稿时时处处闪现着精彩而富有哲理的语言,这些哲理性的语言使整个演讲具有了一种思辨的色彩,给整个演讲稿赋予了活的灵魂。
如:“生活得最好的人,不是寿命最长的人,而是最能感受生活的人。
”“不再回头的,不只是那古老的辰光,也不只是那些个夜晚的星群和月亮,还有我们的青春在流逝着。
”等等,这些闪烁着哲理光芒的语言,蕴含着演讲者对生活的真知灼见,也透视出演讲者的睿智,听了这些极有见地的话语,我们会有“听君一席话,胜读十年书”的感觉,这是臆断叙述性语言所无法比拟的,演讲中这些美好的言语就像是一串串美丽的音符,使整个演讲乐章变得更加华美,更加富有韵味。
这种语言风格是值得我们每一位演讲者借鉴学习的。
再次,演讲人在她的作品中大量运用了诗一般的语言。
如:“不要再为落叶伤感,为春雨掉泪;也不要满不在乎地挥退夏日的艳阳,让残冬的雪来装饰自己的面纱;岁月可使皮肤起皱,而失去热情,则使灵魂起皱。
”给听众一个美好的意境,这些语言是那么的让人熟悉和感到亲切,使我们当代大学生觉得不应该具有伤感的情怀和观念,而是让我们的热情之火重新点燃,重新积极向上的面对生活。
演讲稿中还不乏大量使用排比的句式和正反式的对问,加快了文章的节奏感,增强了文章的气势和说服力。
最后,文章中渗进了形象的比喻,如“能登上金字塔的生物只有两种:鹰和蜗牛。
虽然我们不能人人都像雄鹰一样一飞冲天,但我们至少可以像蜗牛那样凭着自己的耐力默默前行。
”,“成功女神并不垂青所有的人”说明了更多的人是通过尝试,通过毅力化平淡为辉煌的。
一个严肃的问题能够在轻轻松松的聊天问话中去表达是一种很高的境界,这种境界不是人人都可企及的,它需要巧妙的构思和精湛的写作技巧,我们这些学习演讲的学生都应该加强这方面的学习和模仿,最终应用到自己的演讲稿中去,从而达到运用自如的目的,为自己的演讲稿添色。
人生意义1000字演讲稿
说实话我是COPY的.你看看能不能用把.A religion is a system of human thought which usually includes a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power, deity or deities, or ultimate truth.[1] Religion is commonly identified by the practitioner's prayer, ritual, meditation, music and art, among other things, and is often interwoven with society and politics. It may focus on specific supernatural, metaphysical, and moral claims about reality (the cosmos and human nature) which may yield a set of religious laws, ethics, and a particular lifestyle. Religion also encompasses ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as personal faith and religious experience.The term religion refers to both the personal practices related to communal faith and to group rituals and communication stemming from shared conviction. Religion is sometimes used interchangeably with faith or belief system,[2] but it is more socially defined than personal convictions, and it entails specific behaviors, respectively.In the frame of western religious thought,[3] religions present a common quality, the hallmark of patriarchal religious thought: the division of the world in two comprehensive domains, one sacred, the other profane.[4] According to the futurist Raymond Kurzweil, The primary role of traditional religion is deathist rationalization—that is, rationalizing the tragedy of death as a good thing.[5] Religion is often described as a communal system for the coherence of belief focusing on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine, or of the highest truth. Moral codes, practices, values, institutions, tradition, rituals, and scriptures are often traditionally associated with the core belief, and these may have some overlap with concepts in secular philosophy. Religion is also often described as a way of life or a life stance Religion and the body politicA good understanding of the meaning of Christianity before the word religion came into common usage can be found in St. Augustine's writing. For Augustine, Christianity was a disciplina, a rule just like that of the Roman Empire. Christianity was therefore a power structure opposing and superseding human institutions, a literal Kingdom of Heaven. Rather than calling one to self-discipline through symbols, it was itself the discipline taught by one's family, school, church, and city authorities.[11] However at this point the root of the English word religion, the Latin religio, was in use only to mean reverence for God or the gods, careful pondering of divine things, piety (which Cicero further derived to mean diligence[12]); in other words, there was no sense of a system nor even of the Christian power structure but only of spirituality.[13] Max Müller characterized many other cultures around the world, including Egypt, Persia, and India, as having a similar power structure at this point in history. What we would call religion today, they would only call law.[14]As Christianity became commonplace, the charismatic authority identified by Augustine, a quality we might today call religiousness, had a commanding influence at the local level. This system persisted in the Byzantine Empire following the East-West Schism, while Western Europe regulated unpredictable expressions of charisma through the Roman Catholic Church. However, as the Church lost its dominance during the Protestant Reformation and Christianity became closely tied to political structures, religion was recast as the basis of national sovereignty, and religious identity gradually became a less universal sense of spirituality and more divisive, locally defined, and tied to nationality.[15] It was at this point that religion was dissociated with universal beliefs and moved closer to dogma in both meaning and practice. However there was not yet the idea of dogma as personal choice, only of established churches.Religious freedomIn the Age of Enlightenment, the idea of Christianity as the purest expression of spirituality was supplanted by the concept of religion as a worldwide practice.[16] This caused such ideas as religious freedom, a reexamination of classical philosophy as an alternative to Christian thought, and more radically Deism among intellectuals such as Voltaire. Much like Christianity, the idea of religious freedom was exported around the world as a civilizing technique, even to regions like India that had never treated spirituality as a matter of political identity.[17] In Japan, where Buddhism was still seen as a philosophy of natural law,[18] the concept of religion and religious freedom as separate from other power structures was unnecessary until Christian missionaries demanded free access to conversion, and when Japanese Christians refused to engage in patriotic events.[19]With the Enlightenment religion lost its attachment to nationality, but rather than being a universal social attitude, it was now a personal feeling, or emotion.[20] Friedrich Schleiermacher in the late 18th century defined religion as das schlechthinnige Abhängigkeitsgefühl, commonly translated as a feeling of absolute dependence.[21] His contemporary Hegel disagreed thoroughly, defining religion as the Divine Spirit becoming conscious of Himself through the finite spirit.[22] William James is an especially notable 19th century subscriber to the theory of religion as feeling.Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are one, a painting in the litang style portraying three men laughing by a river stream, 12th century, Song DynastyModern currents in religionReligious studiesWith the recognition of religion as a category separate from culture and society came the rise of religious studies. Clifford Geertz's definition of religion as a cultural system was dominant for most of the 20th century and continues to be widely accepted today.Sociologists and anthropologists tend to see religion as an abstract set of ideas, values, or experiences developed as part of a cultural matrix. For example, in Lindbeck's Nature of Doctrine, religion does not refer to belief in God or a transcendent Absolute. Instead, Lindbeck defines religion as, a kind of cultural and\\\/or linguistic framework or medium that shapes the entirety of life and thought… it is similar to an idiom that makes possible the description of realities, the formulation of beliefs, and the experiencing of inner attitudes, feelings, and sentiments.”[23] According to this definition, religion refers to one's primary worldview and how this dictates one's thoughts and actions. Thus religion is considered by some sources to extend to causes, principles, or activities believed in with zeal or conscientious devotion concerning points or matters of ethics or conscience, and not necessarily including belief in the supernatural.[24]Although evolutionists had previously sought to understand and explain religion in terms of a cultural attribute which might conceivably confer biological advantages to its adherents, Richard Dawkins called for a re-analysis of religion in terms of the evolution of self-replicating ideas apart from any resulting biological advantages they might bestow. He argued that the role of key replicator in cultural evolution belongs not to genes, but to memes replicating thought from person to person by means of imitation. These replicators respond to selective pressures that may or may not affect biological reproduction or survival.[25] Susan Blackmore regards religions as particularly tenacious memes.[26] Chris Hedges, however, regards meme theory as a misleading imposition of genetics onto psychology.Interfaith cooperationBecause religion continues to be recognized in Western thought as a universal impulse, many religious practitioners have aimed to band together in interfaith dialogue and cooperation. The first major dialogue was the Parliament of the World's Religions at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, which remains notable even today both in affirming universal values and recognition of the diversity of practices among different cultures. The 20th century has been especially fruitful in use of interfaith dialogue as a means of solving ethnic, political, or even religious conflict, with Christian-Jewish reconciliation representing a complete reverse in the attitudes of many Christian communities towards Jews.Secularism and criticism of religionMain articles: Criticism of religion, Antireligion, Secularism, Agnosticism, and AtheismAs religion became a more personal matter, discussions of society found a new focus on political and scientific meaning, and religious attitudes were increasingly seen as irrelevant for the needs of the European world. On the political side, Ludwig Feuerbach recast Christian beliefs in light of humanism, paving the way for Karl Marx's famous characterization of religion as the opiate of the masses. Meanwhile, in the scientific community, T.H. Huxley in 1869 coined the term agnostic, a term subsequently adopted by such figures as Robert Ingersoll. Later, Bertrand Russell told the world Why I Am Not a Christian.Atheists have developed a critique of religious systems as well as personal faith. Modern-day critics focus on religion's lack of utility in human society, faulting religion as being irrational.[27] Some assert that dogmatic religions are in effect morally deficient, elevating to moral status ancient, arbitrary, and ill-informed rules—taboos on eating pork, for example, as well as dress codes and sexual practices[28]—possibly designed for reasons of hygiene or even mere politics in a bygone era.In North America and Western Europe the social fallout of the 9\\\/11 attacks contributed in part to the appearance of numerous pro-secularist books, such as The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins, The End of Faith by Sam Harris, and God is not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything by Christopher Hitchens. This criticism is largely, but not entirely, focused on the monotheistic Abrahamic traditions.Religious beliefCentral Asian (Tocharian) and East-Asian Buddhist monks, Bezeklik, Eastern Tarim Basin, 9th-10th centuryMain article: Religious beliefReligious belief usually relates to the existence, nature and worship of a deity or deities and divine involvement in the universe and human life. Alternately, it may also relate to values and practices transmitted by a spiritual leader. Unlike other belief systems, which may be passed on orally, religious belief tends to be codified in literate societies (religion in non-literate societies is still largely passed on orally[29]). In some religions, like the Abrahamic religions, it is held that most of the core beliefs have been divinely revealed.Religious belief can also involve causes, principles or activities believed in with zeal or conscientious devotion concerning points or matters of ethics or conscience, not necessarily limited to organized religions



