高一英语定语从句和被动语态总结
定语从句：一：概说 1 定义：在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。
（定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词——即先行词之后） 2 种类； ⑴限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说必不可少，如果省略句子意思不 完整，有时甚至会被歪曲，限定性定语从句不用“，”和句子的其他部 分隔开。
⑵非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说未必必不可少，如果省略 句子意思仍然完整，非限定性定语从句通常用“，”和句子的其他 部分隔开。
例句：①限定性定语从句：正在睡觉的那个男孩是汤姆。
The boy who is sleeping is Tom. ②非限定性定语从句：水，一种清澈透明的液体，很有用途。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses. 3 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别： ⑴限定性定语从句不能省略，如果省略，句意不完整； 非限定性定语从句可以省略，如果省略，句意仍然完整。
⑵限定性定语从句不用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开； 非限定性定语从句用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开。
⑶限定性定语从句可以用that引导； 非限定性定语从句 不可以用that引导。
⑷限定性定语从句的关联词有时可以省略（一般做宾语时省略）； 非限定性定语从句的关联词不可以省略⑸限定性定语从句一般只能用来修饰先行词； 非限定性定语从句可以用来修饰先行词，也可以用来修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。
4 关联词： ⑴关系代词（6个）：① who 谁（主语）② whom 谁（宾语）③ whose 谁的（定语）④ which 哪个（主语，宾语）⑤ that （主语，宾语）⑥ as 像～（主语，宾语） ⑵关系副词（3个）：① when ~时候② where 哪里③ why 为什么二：用法：一关系代词的用法 1 who→在定语从句中做主语→用来指人 例句：我喜欢那个来自美国的男孩儿。
I like the boy who is∕comes from America. 2 whom在定语从句中做宾语→用来指人 例句：①我喜欢的那个男孩儿是汤姆。
The boy whom I like is Tom. ②你正在等的那个医生现在在房间里。
The doctor whom you are waiting for is in the room now. 3 whose在定语从句中做定语→用来指人或指物 例句：①我认识那个叫汤姆的男孩儿。
I know the boy whose name is Tom. ②他喜欢那个窗户朝南开的房间。
He likes the room whose windows open to the south. 4 which→在定语从句中做主语或宾语→用来指物 例句：①这是你想要的那本书。
This is the book which you want. ②我喜欢红色的那辆车。
I like the car which is red. 5 that→在定语从句中做主语或宾语→用来指人或指物（可以用who, whom, which替换）※ 必须用that的7种情况： ⑴先行词是all, everything, nothing, few, little等不定代词时，必须用that引导。
例句：我会告诉你我知道的一切。
I shall tell you everything that I know. ⑵当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时必须用that引导。
例句：①我不会忘记我学过的第一课。
I can’t∕won’t forget the first lesson that I learned. ②他是我见过的最可恨的人。
He is the most hateful person that I’ve seen. ⑶当先行词被all, every, little, few, no等修饰时，必须用that引导。
例句：我喜欢你给我的所有的书。
I like all the books that you gave me. ⑷当先行词被the only（唯一的）；the very（恰好，正好）；the same（相同的）；the last(最后的)等修饰时，必须用that引导。
例句：你是我唯一喜欢的人。
You’re the only person that I like. ⑸当先行词既有人又有物时，必须用that引导。
例句：我不知道他们正在谈论的人和事。
I don’t know those persons and things that they are talking about. ⑹当that用做关系副词，修饰表示时间的名词时，可以代替when来引导。
例句：我不会忘记我第一次见到你的那一天。
I can’t forget the day that∕when I first met you. ⑺当句子中已有who出现时，必须用that引导。
例句：正在唱歌的那个女孩是谁
Who is the girl what is singing? 6 as→在定语从句中做主语或宾语→用来指人或指物。
such…as… 如此像…，这样的像…，像…一样 the same…as… 相同的…，像…一样 例句：你们正在唱的那样的歌很流行。
Such songs as you’re singing are popular now.二关系副词的用法 1 when→先行词表示时间 例句：我不能忘记在上海的那些日子。
I can’t forget those days when I was in Shanghai. 2 where→先行词表示地点 比较：where→定语从句中谓语动词为不及物动词时用。
that∕which→定语从句中谓语动词为及物动词时用。
例句：This is the place where I lived(不及物动词) last year. This is the place which∕that(及物动词) last year. 3 why→先行词只有一个reason（原因） 例句：这就是我喜欢你的原因。
This is the reason why I like you.
英语定语从句框图总结（框架
）
was possible, though forbidden, to swing backwards
高中英语定语从句总结 各个方面 限定非限定 关系代词关系副词等等 越详细越好 当然 也不要太冗长
一、 定语从句与引导词定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
1．关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，whose 作定语。
代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如： The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语) That is the person(whom\\\/who\\\/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略) I’m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语) A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which 或that代物，在定从中作主语)2．关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)The house where they live is not very large.\\\/This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。
例如：We’ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)They still remember the happy days(which\\\/that) they spent in Beidaihe.(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。
非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping’s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer.\\\/He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。
)He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known\\\/believed, as we all know\\\/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合1．只用that的场合1）当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.2）指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me.\\\/That is the only watch that I like most.3）指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult.\\\/This is the second card that he gave me.4）先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it.\\\/Have you got everything that you need?5）先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?2．不用that的场合如下：1） 非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March . 2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.四、“介词＋关系代词”用法1．介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)2．介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)3．当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。
例如：This is the watch which you´re looking for.\\\/He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.五、几个名词后的引导词1. situation，case, scene,point,activity等后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where\\\/in which you can use the word?2. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which\\\/that\\\/how) he worked out the problem?3. “the same＋名词”，“such＋名词”，“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。
例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have).Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.
