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The Spring Festival is China's most unique traditional festival. It marks the end of a year old.A new year has begun. People will bid farewell to the cold monotony of winter, to meet the vitality of spring.The Spring Festival was originally called new year, Sui Dynasty in five candle. Du Taiqing said: the lunar January for the end of month, the day of temple, cloud is moving cloud, yuanshuo. Yuan was intended to head, later extended to start, because this day is the first day of the year, the first day of spring, the first day of lunar January, so called the three element; because of this day or year to month day in,, in, the so called Three Dynasties; and because it is the first new moons, the so called yuan shuo. The song Wu Zimu in Menglianglu explained: lunar January Kalends, called New Year's day. Shuowen Jiezi to Dan interpretation of the word from growing a, a, also. That the sun just rising from the horizon, is the morning. Because it represent the year's first lunar January morning, the morning of the first, so called New Year's Day and it is.In addition to the title, the Spring Festival is also called new year, open, Fang, China, in a lot of appellation in called New Year's Day is the most common, the longest time.Because of the different dynastic calendar, new year's Day is also the different seasons. The ancient Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar, with the sun and the moon 's position, so the new year's day, first of all need to define it in a season, then selected with this season similar new as new year's day. As a result of a year with 12 Lunar parallel are not equal, a difference of about 11 days, so every 3 years to set up a month to adjust the season. Chinese ancient astronomers have devised a simple method to determine the monthly order and seasonal relationships, which is the evening when the bucket handle point fixed monthly order, known as the built in December. From the north to the East, the land was divided into 12 directions, the bucket handle refers to the range of the month, is built, its month, month to month, ugly respectively corresponding to eleven, twelve, lunar january.China is an ancient nation. Different historical period of different nationalities have according to their cultural traditions and customs to determine their new year's day, is changed to pay, at the beginning of a time correction. Zhuanxu Dili and Xia Dynasty to Yuan Meng lunar January, i.e. using built tora-san lunar calendar, with the lunar January 1 as the new year's day; the use of Yin Li, Yin Lijian the ugly, with the first lunar December as new year's day; Zhou Dai used the week calendar week calendar, built, with the first lunar November as new year's day; Qin using Qin Li, Qin Lijian Hyde, to the eve of the lunar new year as new year's day; the early Western Han Dynasty still use the Qin Li emperor, beginning the first year ( AD 104 years ) with Sima Qian, Luo Hong created under Taichu calendar, was used again to build tora-san lunar calendar, with the lunar January 1 as the new year's day. In addition to Wang Mang and Wei Ming emperor after once to build ugly Yin Li, Tang Wu and Su to build the week calendar, the lunar dynasties are used to the end of the Qing dynasty. Spring Festival this word, in different historical period, and different production. The Han Dynasty, people the twenty-four solar term of the first spring called spring festival. The northern and Southern Dynasties, people put the spring festival called.After the success of the revolution, the Nanjing provisional government in order to with farming and convenient statistics, Xiali used in folk, government agencies, factories, schools and organizations that executes in the Gregorian calendar, the Gregorian calendar January 1 as the new year's day. But the general says the Gregorian calendar January 1 for calendar year, still regard the lunar lunar January 1 day called New Year's day.On September 27, 1949, Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference first plenary session through the use of the world's general calendar era, the calendar of the calendar January 1 as the new year's day, new year; because the lunar January 1 usually in the spring before and after the lunar lunar January, thus beginning to spring festival.The Spring Festival generally refers to new year's Eve and lunar January first. But in the folk, the Spring Festival is a traditional sense from the twelfth lunar month offering or twenty-three people, all the way to the lunar January fifteen, with new year's Eve and lunar January first climax.In the traditional Chinese New Year holiday period, China's Han ethnic minority and majority have to be held in a variety of activities to celebrate. These activities are to worship deities, worshiping ancestors, Chujiubuxin, Ying Fuk Jubilee then, pray for good harvest as the main content. Rich and colorful activities, with strong ethnic characteristics.Chinese New Year and the years the concept, original meaning comes from agriculture, the ancient people called the valley of the growth cycle years, wen. The Department of Wo: years, grain medium:. In the age of Xia Shang produced a lunar calendar, with the moon cycle for a month, a year is divided into twelve months, every month to not see the moon that day as the moon, lunar January Kalends of child called it, that is the beginning of the year, also called years, years is the name from the Zhou Dynasty began, to the Western Han Dynasty before the official fixed, has continued to the present day. But the ancient lunar January first known as the New Year's Day, until 1911 Revolution victory in modern China, the interim government of Nanjing in order to comply with the farming and facilitate the statistics, Xiali used in folk, government agencies, factories, schools and organizations that executes in the Gregorian calendar, the Gregorian calendar January 1 as the new year, lunar calendar lunar January first called spring festival.On September 27, 1949, the founding of new China, the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference at the first plenary meeting, through the use of the world's general calendar era, the calendar of the January 1 as new year's day, commonly known as solar year; lunar January 1 usually in the spring before and after the lunar lunar January, thus beginning to Spring Festival, also known as the lunar calendar years.The Spring Festival is a traditional sense from the twelfth lunar month offering or twenty-three people, all the way to the lunar January fifteen, with new year's Eve and lunar January first climax. In the traditional Chinese New Year holiday period, and most of China's Han ethnic minorities have to be held in a variety of celebration activities, these activities are to worship deities, worshiping ancestors, Chujiubuxin, Ying Fuk Jubilee then, pray for good harvest as the main content. Rich and colorful activities, with strong ethnic characteristics.春节是中国最富有特色的传统节日。
它标志农历旧的一年结束。
新的一年已经开始。
人们将告别寒冷单调的冬季，迎接生机盎然的春天。
春节原名“元旦”，隋代杜台卿在《五烛宝典》中说：“正月为端月，其一日为元日，亦云正朝，亦云元朔。
”“元”的本意为“头”，后引申为“开始”，因为这一天是一年的头一天，春季的头一天，正月的头一天，所以称为“三元”；因为这一天还是岁之朝，月之朝，日之朝，所以又称“三朝”；又因为它是第一个朔日，所以又称“元朔”。
宋吴自牧在《梦梁录》中解释：“正月朔日，谓之元旦”。
《说文解字》中对“旦”字的解释为“从日见一上，一，地也。
”表示太阳刚刚从地平线上升起，就是早晨的意思。
因为它分别表示一年的第一个早晨，正月的第一个早晨，所以称“元旦”和“正旦”。
除上述称谓外，春节还称“开年”、“开岁”、“芳岁”、“华岁”等，在诸多称谓中以称“元旦”最普遍，时间最长久。
因各朝代历法不同，元旦所在的季节也不同。
中国古代的历法是阴阳合历，需同时考虑到太阳和月亮的位置，故确定元旦时，需首先确定它在某个季节，然后再选定与这个季节相近的朔月作为元旦。
由于一岁与12个阴历并行不相等，相差约11天，故每隔3年需设置一个闰月来调整季节。
中国上古的天文学家曾想出一个简便的方法来判断月序与季节的关系，这就是以傍晚时斗柄的指向定月序，称之为十二月建。
从北方起向东转，将地面划分为12个方位，傍晚时斗柄所指的方位，就是该月的月建，其子月、丑月、寅月分别相当于十一、十二、正月。
中国是个古老的多民族国家。
不同的历史时期的不同的民族都曾经根据自己的文化传统和风俗习惯确定过自己的元旦，即改为“正朔”，改正月初一的时间。
颛顼帝和夏代都以孟春正月为元，即使用建寅的夏历，以农历正月初一为元旦；商代使用殷历，殷历建丑，以农历十二月初一为元旦；周代使用周历，周历建成子，以农历十一月初一为元旦；秦代使用秦历，秦历建亥，以农历初一为元旦；西汉前期仍然使用秦历，汉武帝太初元年（公元104年）改用司马迁、洛下闳创制的太初历，又重新使用建寅的夏历，以农历正月初一为元旦。
以后除王莽和魏明帝一度改用建丑的殷历，唐武后和肃宗时改用建子的周历外，各朝代均使用夏历至清朝末年。
“春节”这一词，在不同的历史时期，还有不同的特指。
汉朝时，人们把二十四节气的第一个立春称“春节”。
南北朝时，人们把整个春季叫“春节”。
辛亥革命胜利后，南京临时政府为了“顺农时”和“便于统计”，规定在民间使用夏历，在政府机关、厂矿、学校和团体中实行公历，以公历的元月一日为元旦。
但一般人称公历元月一日为“阳历年”，仍把农历正月一日初一称“元旦”。
1949年9月27日，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过使用世界上通用的公历纪元，把公历即阳历的元月一日定为元旦，为新年；因为农历正月初一通常都在立春前后，因而把农历正月初一定为“春节”。
春节一般指除夕和正月初一。
但在民间，传统意义上的春节是指从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月二十三的祭灶，一直到正月十五，其中以除夕和正月初一为高潮。
在春节这一传统节日期间，我国的汉族和大多数少数民族都有要举行各种活动以示庆祝。
这些活动均以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。
活动丰富多彩，带有浓郁的民族特色。
春节和年的概念，最初的含意来自农业，古时人们把谷的生长周期称为“年”，《说文。
禾部》：“年，谷熟也：。
在夏商时代产生了夏历，以月亮圆缺的周期为月，一年划分为十二个月，每月以不见月亮的那天为朔，正月朔日的子时称为岁首，即一年的开始，也叫年，年的名称是从周朝开始的，至了西汉才正式固定下来，一直延续到今天。
但古时的正月初一被称为“元旦”，直到中国近代辛亥革命胜利后，南京临时政府为了顺应农时和便于统计，规定在民间使用夏历，在政府机关、厂矿、学校和团体中实行公历，以公历的元月一日为元旦，农历的正月初一称春节。
1949年9月27日，新中国成立，在中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议上，通过了使用世界上通用的公历纪元，把公历的元月一日定为元旦，俗称阳历年；农历正月初一通常都在立春前后，因而把农历正月初一定为“春节”，俗称阴历年。
传统意义上的春节是指从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月二十三的祭灶，一直到正月十五，其中以除夕和正月初一为高潮。
在春节这一传统节日期间，我国的汉族和大多数少数民族都有要举行各种庆祝活动，这些活动大多以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。
活动形式丰富多彩，带有浓郁的民族特色。
翻译；
